Data handling

Most of the computer programming language support data type, variables,

operator and expression like fundamentals. Python also support these.
Data Types
Data Type specifies which type of value a variable can store. type() function is
used to determine a variable's type in Python.
Data Types In Python
1. Number
2. String
3. Boolean
4. List
5. Tuple
6. Set
7. Dictionary
Mutable and Immutable Data type
A mutable data type can change its state or contents and immutable data type
cannot.
Mutable data type:list, dict, set, byte array
Immutable data type: int, float, complex, string, tuple, frozen set [note:
immutable version of set], bytes
Mutability can be checked with id() method.
x=10
print(id(x))
x=20
print(id(x))
#id of both print statement is different as integer is immutable
1. Number In Python
It is used to store numeric values
Python has three numeric types:
1. Integers
2. Floating point numbers
3. Complex numbers.
1. Integers
Integers or int are positive or negative numbers with no decimal point. Integers
in Python 3 are of unlimited size.
e.g.
a= 100
b= -100
c= 1*20
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
Output :-
100
-100
200
Type Conversion of Integer
int() function converts any data type to integer.
e.g.
a = "101" # string
b=int(a) # converts string data type to integer.
c=int(122.4) # converts float data type to integer.
print(b)
print(c)
Output :-
101
122
2. Floating point numbers
It is a positive or negative real numbers with a decimal point.
e.g.
a = 101.2
b = -101.4
c = 111.23
d = 2.3*3
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)Run Code
Output :-
101.2
-101.4
111.23
6.8999999999999995
Type Conversion of Floating point numbers
float() function converts any data type to floating point
number.
e.g.
a='301.4' #string
b=float(a) #converts string data type to floating point number.
c=float(121) #converts integer data type to floating point number.
print(b)
print(c)Run Code
Output :-
301.4
121.0
3. Complex numbers
Complex numbers are combination of a real and imaginary part.Complex
numbers are in the form of X+Yj, where X is a real part and Y is imaginary part.
e.g.
a = complex(5) # convert 5 to a real part val and zero imaginary part
print(a)
b=complex(101,23) #convert 101 with real part and 23 as imaginary part
print(b)Run Code
Output :-
(5+0j)
(101+23j)
2. String In Python
A string is a sequence of characters. In python we can create string using single
(' ') or double quotes (" ").Both are same in python.
e.g.
str='computer science'
print('str-', str) # print string
print('str[0]-', str[0]) # print first char 'h'
print('str[1:3]-', str[1:3]) # print string from postion 1 to 3 'ell'
print('str[3:]-', str[3:]) # print string staring from 3rd char 'llo world'
print('str *2-', str *2 ) # print string two times
print("str +'yes'-", str +'yes') # concatenated string
Output
str- computer science
str[0]- c
str[1:3]- om
str[3:]- puter science
str *2- computer sciencecomputer science
str +'yes'- computer scienceyes
Iterating through string
e.g.
str='comp sc'
for i in str:
print(i)
Output
c
o
m
p
s
c
3. Boolean In Python
It is used to store two possible values either true or false
e.g.
str="comp sc"
boo=str.isupper() # test if string contains upper case
print(boo)
Output
False
4.List In Python
List are collections of items and each item has its own index
value.
5. Tuple In Python
List and tuple, objects mean you cannot modify the contents of a tuple once it is
assigned both are same except ,a list is mutable python objects and tuple is
immutable Python objects. Immutable Python d.
e.g. of list
list =[6,9]
list[0]=55
print(list[0])
print(list[1])
OUTPUT
55
9
e.g. of tuple
tup=(66,99)
Tup[0]=3 # error message will be displayed
print(tup[0])
print(tup[1])
6. Set In Python
It is an unordered collection of unique and immutable (which cannot be
modified)items.
e.g.
set1={11,22,33,22}
print(set1)
Output
{33, 11, 22}
7. Dictionary In Python
It is an unordered collection of items and each item consist of a key and a
value.
e.g.
dict = {'Subject': 'comp sc', 'class': '11'}
print(dict)
print ("Subject : ", dict['Subject'])
print ("class : ", dict.get('class'))
Output
{'Subject': 'comp sc', 'class': '11'}
Subject : comp sc
class : 11
Type conversion
The process of converting the value of one data type (integer, string, float, etc.)
to another data type is called type conversion.
Python has two types of type conversion.
• Implicit Type Conversion
• Explicit Type Conversion
Implicit Type Conversion:
In Implicit type conversion, Python automatically converts one data type to
another data type. This process doesn't need any user involvement.
e.g.
num_int = 12
num_flo = 10.23
num_new = num_int + num_flo
print("datatype of num_int:",type(num_int))
print("datatype of num_flo:",type(num_flo))
print("Value of num_new:",num_new)
print("datatype of num_new:",type(num_new))
OUTPUT
('datatype of num_int:', <type 'int'>)
('datatype of num_flo:', <type 'float'>)
('Value of num_new:', 22.23)
('datatype of num_new:', <type 'float'>)
Explicit Type Conversion:
In Explicit Type Conversion, users convert the data type of an object to required
data type. We use the predefined functions like int(),float(),str() etc.
e.g.
num_int = 12
num_str = "45"
print("Data type of num_int:",type(num_int))
print("Data type of num_str before Type Casting:",type(num_str))
num_str = int(num_str)
print("Data type of num_str after Type Casting:",type(num_str))
num_sum = num_int + num_str
print("Sum of num_int and num_str:",num_sum)
print("Data type of the sum:",type(num_sum))
OUTPUT
('Data type of num_int:', <type 'int'>)
('Data type of num_str before Type Casting:', <type 'str'>)
('Data type of num_str after Type Casting:', <type 'int'>)
('Sum of num_int and num_str:', 57)
('Data type of the sum:', <type 'int'>)