CHAPTER 5: IF STATEMENTS

A Simple Example
• A simple demonstration of using an if
statement.
• Example:
• if age >= 18:
• print('You are eligible to vote.')
 Conditional Tests
• Tests that evaluate to True or False.
• Example:
• car = 'bmw'
• car == 'bmw' # True
 Checking for Equality
• Check if two values are equal using ==.
• Example:
• car = 'bmw'
• car == 'bmw' # True
 Ignoring Case When Checking for
Equality
• Use .lower() for case-insensitive comparison.
• Example:
• car = 'BMW'
• car.lower() == 'bmw' # True
 Checking for Inequality
• Check if two values are not equal using !=.
• Example:
• car = 'audi'
• car != 'bmw' # True
 Numerical Comparisons
• Compare numerical values using operators
like >, <, ==, !=.
• Example:
• age = 18
• age >= 18 # True
 Checking Multiple Conditions
• Use and/or to test multiple conditions.
• Example:
• age = 22
• (age > 18) and (age < 30) # True
 Checking Whether a Value Is in a List
• Use 'in' to check membership in a list.
• Example:
• fruits = ['apple', 'banana']
• 'apple' in fruits # True
 Checking Whether a Value Is Not in a
List
• Use 'not in' to check absence in a list.
• Example:
• fruits = ['apple', 'banana']
• 'pear' not in fruits # True
 Boolean Expressions
• Logical expressions that evaluate to True or
False.
• Example:
• True and False # False
 Exercise 5-1: Conditional Tests
• Create tests that evaluate to True and False.
• Example:
• car = 'audi'
• print(car == 'audi') # True
 Exercise 5-2: More Conditional Tests
• Write more tests with and/or conditions.
• Example:
• name = 'Alice'
• print(name != 'Bob') # True
 if Statements
• Basic structure for conditional logic.
• Example:
• age = 18
• if age >= 18:
• print('Adult')
 Simple if Statements
• Only execute code if condition is True.
• Example:
• if age >= 18:
• print('Adult')
 if-else Statements
• Provide an alternate path when condition is
False.
• Example:
• age = 16
• if age >= 18:
• print('Adult')
• else:
• print('Minor')
 The if-elif-else Chain
• Test multiple conditions in sequence.
• Example:
• age = 12
• if age < 4:
• print('Free')
• elif age < 18:
• print('Discounted')
• else:
• print('Full price')
 Using Multiple elif Blocks
• Handle more than two conditions.
• Example:
• age = 20
• if age < 18:
• print('Child')
• elif age < 25:
• print('Young Adult')
• else:
• print('Adult')
 Omitting the else Block
• Optionally omit the else block.
• Example:
• if age < 18:
• print('Minor')
• elif age >= 18:
• print('Adult')
 Testing Multiple Conditions
• Use separate if statements for multiple
conditions.
• Example:
• if 'pepperoni' in toppings:
• print('Adding pepperoni')
 Exercise 5-3: Alien Colors #1
• Write a program with an alien_color variable
and test its value.
• Example:
• alien_color = 'green'
• if alien_color == 'green':
• print('Player earned 5 points')
 Exercise 5-4: Alien Colors #2
• Add an else block to handle different alien
colors.
• Example:
• alien_color = 'yellow'
• if alien_color == 'green':
• print('5 points')
• else:
• print('10 points')
 Exercise 5-5: Alien Colors #3
• Add elif for more colors.
• Example:
• alien_color = 'red'
• if alien_color == 'green':
• print('5 points')
• elif alien_color == 'yellow':
• print('10 points')
• else:
• print('15 points')
 Exercise 5-6: Stages of Life
• Determine stage of life based on age.
• Example:
• age = 30
• if age < 2:
• print('Baby')
 Exercise 5-7: Favorite Fruit
• Check if favorite fruits are in a list.
• Example:
• fav_fruits = ['banana', 'apple']
• if 'banana' in fav_fruits:
• print('You love bananas!')
 Using if Statements with Lists
• Iterate and check elements in lists.
• Example:
• toppings = ['mushrooms']
• if 'mushrooms' in toppings:
• print('Adding mushrooms')
 Checking for Special Items
• Handle specific cases in a list.
• Example:
• toppings = ['pepperoni', 'cheese']
• if 'cheese' in toppings:
• print('Adding cheese')
 Checking That a List Is Not Empty
• Ensure a list has elements before processing.
• Example:
• toppings = []
• if toppings:
• print('Adding toppings')
• else:
• print('Plain pizza')
 Using Multiple Lists
• Combine or compare lists.
• Example:
• current_users = ['Alice', 'Bob']
• new_users = ['alice', 'Tom']
 Exercise 5-8: Hello Admin
• Display a special greeting for admin users.
• Example:
• users = ['admin', 'user1']
• if 'admin' in users:
• print('Hello admin!')
 Exercise 5-9: No Users
• Check if the users list is empty.
• Example:
• users = []
• if not users:
• print('No users available')
Exercise 5-10: Checking Usernames
• Ensure new usernames are unique.
• Example:
• current_users = ['Alice']
• new_user = 'alice'
 Exercise 5-11: Ordinal Numbers
• Display proper ordinal suffixes.
• Example:
• numbers = [1, 2, 3]
• for num in numbers:
• if num == 1:
• print('1st')
 Styling Your if Statements
• Tips for readability and best practices.
• Example:
• if condition:
• # Keep lines short
Exercise 5-12: Styling if Statements
• Write clean and readable if statements.
 Exercise 5-13: Your Ideas
• Brainstorm and implement your own
exercises.
 Summary
• Recap of chapter concepts and exercises.