INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE NO.

OVERVIEW OF THE IT INDUSTRY

MODULE OVERVIEW

Computing plays a vital role in modern life, shaping the way people communicate, work,
learn, and solve problems. This module introduces students to the world of computing and information
technology (IT), providing a solid foundation for understanding how technology works and how it is
applied in different areas. It covers IT skills, helping students develop both general abilities needed to
use technology effectively and technical skills that are essential for pursuing IT-related careers. The
module also discusses IT certifications, which serve as proof of knowledge and expertise and can
create opportunities for further studies or professional growth. In addition, students will gain an
appreciation of computing in different fields, exploring how technology supports industries such as
healthcare, business, education, entertainment, and scientific research. The module also examines
trends and issues in the IT profession, enabling students to stay informed about emerging
technologies, challenges, and innovations that shape the industry. By completing this module,
students will not only understand the basic principles of computing but also learn how to use
technology to solve real-world problems, make informed decisions, and prepare for future
opportunities in the rapidly evolving digital world.

PRETEST

Short Answer: Answer briefly.

1. Give two examples of technical IT skills.

2. What is the purpose of IT certifications?
3. Name one example of computing in education.
4. Give one challenge faced by the IT industry today.
5. Why is it important for IT students to develop soft skills?

INTRODUCTION

The Information Technology (IT) industry is all around us. From the apps on your smartphone, the
websites you browse, and the games you play, to the computers used in schools, hospitals, and
businesses, IT makes modern life possible. It is a fast-growing and constantly changing field that
affects nearly everything we do, whether we are communicating with friends, learning online,
shopping, or even watching movies. Understanding the IT industry helps students see how technology
works and why it matters in today’s world.

This topic explores the important skills needed in IT, including general skills like using software,
navigating the internet safely, and communicating online, as well as technical skills like coding,
managing networks, and protecting information. It also highlights IT certifications, which are like
proof of your abilities and can help open doors to exciting careers. Students will learn how computing
is applied in different areas, from healthcare systems that keep patients safe, to business tools
that manage finances, schools using technology for learning, and entertainment platforms like
streaming and gaming. The topic also looks at trends and issues in the IT profession, including
new technologies, cybersecurity challenges, and opportunities for innovation, helping students
understand what the future of IT looks like.

By studying this topic, students will see that IT is not just about computers—it’s about solving real-
world problems, making life easier, and opening up opportunities for learning and careers. They will
gain the knowledge and skills to participate in the digital world confidently and creatively.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this topic, students should be able to:

1. Identify and explain key IT skills required for general use and professional applications.
2. Describe the purpose and importance of IT certifications and how they can support career
opportunities.
3. Recognize the role of computing in different fields, including business, healthcare, education,
science, and entertainment.
4. Discuss current trends and emerging technologies in the IT industry, such as cloud
computing, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity.
5. Analyze common challenges and issues in the IT profession, including ethical concerns, data
privacy, and the impact of technological change.
6. Demonstrate awareness of how IT knowledge and skills can be applied to solve real-world
problems and support innovation.

PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

GENERAL IT SKILLS

The field of Information Technology (IT) offers exciting career opportunities, but succeeding
as a future IT professional requires more than just knowing how to use a computer. It demands a
combination of technical expertise, professional skills, and the ability to adapt to new
technologies and challenges. Technical skills—such as coding, networking, cybersecurity, and
troubleshooting—form the foundation for any IT career. However, soft skills like communication,
critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork are equally important, allowing professionals to work
effectively in teams and with clients.

Future IT professionals also need organizational and project management skills to plan,
prioritize, and execute projects efficiently. Basic computer skills and familiarity with office tools
ensure that daily tasks and documentation are handled smoothly, while web and collaboration skills
enable professionals to work in online environments, share knowledge, and coordinate with
colleagues around the world.

By developing these skills, future IT professionals are better prepared to face industry
challenges, adapt to rapidly changing technologies, and take advantage of the many career
opportunities that the IT world has to offer.

1. Technical Skills

Technical skills form the backbone of any IT career. These skills involve understanding how
computers, software, and networks work, and using this knowledge to solve problems.
Examples include:

 Programming and coding: Writing code to develop applications or websites. For

example, a software developer uses Python or Java to build apps like online banking
systems.
 Troubleshooting hardware and software: Identifying and fixing issues with computers,
printers, or software programs. For instance, an IT support technician may resolve a
network connectivity problem at a company.

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 Networking and cybersecurity basics: Understanding how systems communicate and

keeping data secure. A network administrator ensures that a company’s private data
is protected from hackers.
 Using specialized software/tools: Tools like SQL for database management or Adobe
Photoshop for graphic design.

2. Soft Skills

Soft skills are interpersonal and personal abilities that help IT professionals work well with
others and adapt to workplace challenges. Key soft skills include:

 Communication: Explaining technical concepts to non-technical team members. For

example, a system analyst must clearly explain software updates to management.
 Teamwork and collaboration: Working with others to achieve project goals, like a
development team collaborating to launch a new mobile app.
 Problem-solving and critical thinking: Identifying problems and creating effective
solutions, such as fixing a website bug before a product launch.
 Time management: Meeting deadlines, such as delivering a software module on
schedule.
 Empathy and adaptability: Understanding user needs and adapting to changing
technology requirements.

3. Organizational and Project Management Skills

Organizational skills help IT professionals plan, prioritize, and complete tasks efficiently.
Project management skills ensure that IT projects are completed on time and within budget.
Examples include:

 Planning and scheduling: Breaking down a project into tasks with deadlines.
 Coordinating team efforts: Assigning roles and ensuring everyone knows their
responsibilities.
 Tracking progress: Using tools like Trello, Jira, or Microsoft Project to monitor project
milestones.

4. Basic Computer Skills

Basic computer skills form the foundation for all IT tasks. They include:

 Navigating operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)

 Managing files and folders efficiently
 Using peripherals like printers and scanners
 Performing basic troubleshooting

5. Familiarity with Office Tools

Office tools are widely used in workplaces to document, analyze, and present information.
Examples include:

 Word processors: Writing reports or documentation using Microsoft Word or Google

Docs.
 Spreadsheets: Analyzing sales data in Excel or Google Sheets.
 Presentations: Preparing slides for client meetings using PowerPoint or Google
Slides.
 Data management tools: Creating charts or databases for easier decision-making.

6. Web and Collaboration Skills

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Web and collaboration skills are essential for working in online environments and with
distributed teams. They include:

 Email and professional messaging: Communicating with colleagues and clients.

 Cloud storage and document sharing: Using Google Drive or OneDrive to share files
securely.
 Collaboration platforms: Using tools like Slack, Microsoft Teams, or Trello to
coordinate projects.
 Internet safety and cybersecurity awareness: Protecting data and following best
practices online.

IT CERTIFICATIONS

What are IT Certifications?

IT certifications are credentials issued by recognized organizations to verify an individual’s

expertise in a specific area of technology. They demonstrate that the person has met industry
standards and possesses practical and theoretical knowledge needed for certain IT roles.

Example: Microsoft, Cisco, CompTIA, and Google are well-known organizations that provide
certifications for different IT skills and roles.

Benefits of IT Certifications

Earning IT certifications provides several advantages:

 Career advancement: Certified professionals are often preferred for promotions and
specialized roles.
 Higher earning potential: Many IT certifications are associated with better salaries.
 Skill validation: Demonstrates practical and theoretical knowledge to employers.
 Global recognition: Certifications from reputable organizations are recognized worldwide.
 Confidence and credibility: Helps professionals gain confidence in their abilities.

Types of IT Certifications

IT certifications can be categorized based on focus areas and levels:

 Foundational Certifications:
For beginners or entry-level professionals.
Example: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+)
Purpose: Introduces basic IT concepts and prepares students for further certifications.
 Technical Certifications:
Focused on specific technical skills or tools.
Examples:
o Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) – networking
o Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals – cloud computing
o CompTIA Security+ – cybersecurity
 Professional Certifications:
For advanced or specialized roles.
Examples:
o Project Management Professional (PMP) – project management
o Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) – cybersecurity
leadership
 Vendor-specific vs. Vendor-neutral Certifications:
o Vendor-specific: Focus on products from a particular company (e.g., Microsoft,
Cisco)

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o Vendor-neutral: Broader focus on general skills applicable across platforms (e.g.,

CompTIA certifications)

APPRECIATION OF COMPUTING IN DIFFERENT FIELDS

Computing has become an essential part of modern life. It is no longer just about
programming or using a computer—it is about applying technology to solve real-world problems,
improve efficiency, and create new opportunities. Almost every aspect of society relies on computing
in some way, from healthcare and education to business, entertainment, and government services.

In healthcare, for example, computing allows doctors to analyze large amounts of patient
data, detect diseases early, and even perform surgeries with robotic assistance. In education, digital
learning platforms enable students to access information from anywhere in the world and learn at their
own pace. Businesses use computing for data analytics, online transactions, and automating
repetitive tasks, while engineers and scientists leverage computational tools to design structures, run
experiments, and predict outcomes.

The influence of computing is not limited to professional settings. Everyday life is shaped by
technology: smartphones help us communicate instantly, GPS systems guide our travels, and online
platforms make shopping, banking, and entertainment convenient and accessible.

Understanding and appreciating computing in different fields is important because it helps us

see how technology enhances productivity, innovation, and quality of life. It also encourages
responsible use, critical thinking, and creativity, preparing us for careers that increasingly rely on
technology. By recognizing computing’s applications, we not only become more informed users but
also innovators who can harness technology to make a positive impact.

Computing Applications in Different Fields

1. Healthcare
Applications:
 Electronic Health Records (EHR) – digital patient records for faster and more
accurate access.
 Medical Imaging – CT scans, MRIs, and X-rays analyzed using software for precision.
 Telemedicine – remote consultations via video calls and apps.
 Wearable Health Devices – smartwatches and sensors monitor heart rate, sleep, and
activity.
 AI Diagnostics – algorithms detect patterns in medical data for early disease
detection.
Benefits:
 Faster and more accurate diagnoses.
 Improved patient care and personalized treatments.
 Access to healthcare in remote areas.
2. Education
Applications:
 E-learning Platforms – online courses and tutorials accessible anywhere.
 Digital Classrooms – interactive lessons using multimedia tools.
 Learning Management Systems (LMS) – track student progress and manage
resources.
 Virtual Labs – simulate experiments and practical exercises online.
Benefits:
 Expands access to knowledge beyond physical classrooms.
 Enables interactive and personalized learning experiences.
 Prepares students for digital literacy and technological skills.
3. Business and Finance
Applications:
 Online Banking – secure financial transactions through apps and websites.
 E-commerce – buying and selling products online.

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 Data Analytics – analyzing customer behavior to improve business decisions.

 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) – manage inventory, finance, and operations
digitally.
Benefits:
 Streamlined business operations.
 Data-driven decision-making.
 Increased global market reach and competitive advantage.
4. Science and Research
Applications:
 Simulations – model scientific phenomena without real-world experiments.
 Data Modeling – analyze complex datasets for patterns and trends.
 AI-Assisted Research – use algorithms to make predictions or discoveries.
 Laboratory Automation – robotic systems conduct repetitive experiments.
Benefits:
 Accelerates scientific discoveries.
 Reduces errors and improves accuracy.
 Saves time and resources in research projects.
5. Entertainment and Media
Applications:
 Video Games – immersive, interactive experiences powered by computing.
 Digital Animation – movies, cartoons, and special effects.
 Streaming Platforms – watch movies, series, and live content online.
 Virtual and Augmented Reality – simulate experiences for education, games, and
marketing.
Benefits:
 Provides immersive and creative experiences.
 Expands global reach of content.
 Enables new forms of storytelling and entertainment.
6. Engineering and Manufacturing
Applications:
 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) – digital tools for designing products or structures.
 Robotics – automate repetitive or dangerous tasks.
 3D Printing – rapid prototyping and production of complex designs.
 Automation Systems – improve production efficiency and reduce errors.
Benefits:
 Enhances precision and quality of products.
 Reduces production time and costs.
 Enables innovative design and rapid prototyping.
7. Government and Public Services
Applications:
 E-Governance – online portals for public services, permits, and transactions.
 Digital Records – maintain citizens’ records digitally for easy access.
 Smart Cities – use technology for traffic control, energy management, and public
safety.
 Data Management – analyze population and infrastructure data to improve services.
Benefits:
 More efficient service delivery.
 Transparent and accountable governance.
 Better decision-making for public welfare.

IT Professions

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Information technology now offers a range of attractive career options for workers with a wide
variety of interests, skill levels, and career ambitions.

Image retrieved from: Roy, Shambhavi; Daniel, Clinton; and Agrawal, Manish,
"Fundamentals of Information Technology" (2023).

1. Software Development - Focuses on designing, coding, testing, and maintaining applications and
systems.
 Software Developer/Engineer: Builds and maintains software applications.
 Mobile App Developer: Creates applications for smartphones and tablets.
 Web Developer: Specializes in websites and web applications (front-end, back-end, full-
stack).
 Game Developer: Produces interactive and immersive games.
 Software Architect: Plans software structures and oversees technical decisions.
 DevOps Engineer: Integrates development and operations to improve deployment speed
and reliability.

2. IT Infrastructure - Involves managing physical and cloud-based systems.

 Network Engineer: Designs and manages network architecture.
 Systems Administrator: Oversees operating systems, servers, and hardware.
 Cloud Engineer: Builds and maintains cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud).
 Data Center Technician: Installs and maintains physical IT hardware in data centers.
 Infrastructure Architect: Creates comprehensive infrastructure solutions for businesses.

3. IT Support - Provides assistance and problem-solving for technology users.

 Help Desk Technician: First line of support for hardware and software issues.
 IT Support Specialist: Tackles more complex problems for end-users and organizations.
 Desktop Support Technician: Maintains and troubleshoots desktop systems and
applications.
 Technical Account Manager: Manages client technical needs and relationships.

4. Data Management - Handles data organization, storage, and analysis.

 Database Administrator (DBA): Ensures database security and performance.
 Data Analyst: Translates raw data into meaningful insights.
 Data Engineer: Builds pipelines and structures for large-scale data.

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 Data Scientist: Uses machine learning and statistics to make predictions and
recommendations.
 Big Data Architect: Designs systems capable of handling massive amounts of data.

5. Cybersecurity - Protects systems and information from threats.

 Security Analyst: Monitors networks for suspicious activity.
 Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker): Tests systems to find and fix weaknesses.
 Security Architect: Designs secure IT infrastructures.
 Incident Responder: Handles breaches and investigates attacks.
 Compliance Officer: Ensures security measures meet legal and industry standards.

6. Computer Forensics - Focuses on digital investigations and evidence handling.

 Digital Forensics Analyst: Collects and examines digital evidence for investigations.
 Cybercrime Investigator: Tracks and analyzes cyberattacks and criminal activity.
 eDiscovery Specialist: Handles legal data collection for court cases.
 Malware Analyst: Examines malicious code to understand and mitigate threats.

7. Internet Infrastructure - Supports the systems behind online services and connectivity.
 Network Operations Center (NOC) Technician: Monitors and maintains internet service
performance.
 Internet Systems Architect: Builds systems for ISPs and large organizations.
 Domain Administrator: Manages DNS and domain services.
 Cloud Operations Specialist: Oversees cloud-hosted services and uptime.

8. Research and Development - Explores new technologies and innovative solutions.

 AI/ML Researcher: Creates advanced models for artificial intelligence.
 Human-Computer Interaction Specialist: Studies user experiences and system usability.
 Robotics Engineer: Develops automated machines and intelligent systems.
 Quantum Computing Researcher: Investigates next-generation computing technologies.

9. Project and Product Management - Focuses on planning, execution, and delivery of IT projects
and products.
 IT Project Manager: Oversees timelines, budgets, and goals for IT initiatives.
 Agile/Scrum Master: Facilitates agile development teams and workflows.
 Product Owner: Defines product features and works with development teams to deliver
value.

10. IT Governance and Compliance - Ensures IT processes meet regulations and organizational
goals.
 IT Auditor: Reviews IT systems for efficiency and compliance.
 Compliance Analyst: Ensures adherence to laws and internal policies.
 Risk Manager: Identifies and mitigates potential IT risks.

11. User Experience and Design - Focuses on the usability and aesthetics of systems and
applications.
 UX/UI Designer: Creates interfaces that are intuitive and visually appealing.
 Interaction Designer: Plans how users interact with systems.
 Usability Tester: Evaluates system ease-of-use through testing and feedback.

12. Artificial Intelligence and Automation - Specialized in building smart systems and automated
processes.
 AI Engineer: Implements machine learning models in real-world applications.
 Automation Specialist: Designs automated workflows and processes.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) Engineer: Works with language-based AI, such as
chatbots and speech recognition.

13. Teaching and Training - Focuses on education and skill-building in IT.

 IT Instructor: Teaches IT skills in schools, colleges, or online platforms.
 Corporate Trainer: Provides workforce training on IT tools and practices.
 Technical Writer: Creates manuals, guides, and documentation for IT systems.

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TRENDS AND ISSUES IN THE IT PROFESSION

The IT (Information Technology) profession is always changing. Technology moves fast, and careers
in IT grow and shift with these changes. Knowing the latest trends (what’s popular or rising) and
issues (problems or challenges) helps students see where technology is heading and why certain
skills are important.

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Automation

 Trend: AI is everywhere—chatbots, self-driving cars, online recommendations, and even
tools that write text or create images. IT professionals use AI to speed up work and solve
problems.
 Issue: Some worry that AI might replace certain jobs or create security and ethical challenges
(e.g., deepfakes or bias in AI decisions).
 Example for students: Think about apps like Siri, Google Lens, or ChatGPT—they use AI to
“think” like humans.

2. Cybersecurity
 Trend: As people do more online (banking, shopping, learning), protecting data is more
important than ever.
 Issue: Cybercriminals use hacking, phishing, and malware to steal information. Organizations
need experts to keep systems safe.
 Example for students: Have you heard of data breaches on social media platforms? That’s
why strong passwords and security measures matter.

3. Remote and Hybrid Work

 Trend: Many jobs now allow employees to work from home or mix office and online work. IT
makes this possible through cloud storage, video calls, and team apps.
 Issue: Remote work increases the risk of weak security and technical problems. It also
requires workers to be self-disciplined and tech-savvy.
 Example for students: During the pandemic, classes moved online—that’s remote work and
study in action.

4. Skills Gap and IT Careers

 Trend: New jobs are emerging in cloud computing, AI, app development, and cybersecurity.
IT professionals often need to learn new skills regularly.
 Issue: There’s a shortage of qualified workers. Some jobs are unfilled because people don’t
have the right training.
 Example for students: Learning coding or networking basics now can open doors to high-
demand jobs later.

5. Privacy and Ethics

 Trend: Laws like GDPR protect how companies collect and use data.
 Issue: There’s a debate about how much companies should know about you and how they
keep your information safe.
 Example for students: Apps that ask for personal info—should they store or share it? Who
owns your data?

6. Sustainability and Green IT

 Trend: Companies are starting to care about reducing technology’s impact on the
environment.
 Issue: Data centers and devices use a lot of electricity and materials. IT experts are finding
ways to recycle, use clean energy, and make devices last longer.
 Example for students: Imagine if every student charged their devices at the same time—
think of the energy used. Multiply that by millions of users.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity: “Computing and Society Reflection Journal”

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Scenario:

As IT professionals, you need to be aware of the ethical and social impact of technology. The class
will maintain reflection journal for the month of September.

Tasks:
 Weekly journal entry on topics: AI ethics, privacy, remote work, sustainability, or trends in the
IT profession.
 Include one real-world example per entry (e.g., data breaches, green computing efforts).
 End with a synthesis essay on “My Role as a Responsible IT Student.”

Output: Submit a compilation of your 4-week journal entries formatted according to your teacher’s
preference.

GENERALIZATION

This module introduces students to the fundamentals of computing and the IT industry,
highlighting the importance of technology in modern life. It explains general and technical IT skills
needed for both everyday use and professional careers, such as coding, networking, troubleshooting,
communication, teamwork, and project management.

The module discusses IT certifications as proof of knowledge and competence, including

foundational, technical, professional, vendor-specific, and vendor-neutral credentials. It also explores
how computing is applied in various fields, such as healthcare, education, business, science,
entertainment, government, and manufacturing, emphasizing its role in problem-solving, efficiency,
and innovation.

A detailed overview of IT career paths is presented, covering areas like software development, IT
infrastructure, support, data management, cybersecurity, computer forensics, internet infrastructure,
research and development, and emerging fields like AI and UX design.

Finally, the module examines current trends and issues in IT, including artificial intelligence,
cybersecurity threats, remote and hybrid work, skills gaps, privacy, ethics, and sustainability. By
completing the module, students gain a foundational understanding of computing concepts, industry
practices, and the skills needed to adapt to evolving technologies and pursue IT-related opportunities.

ASSESSMENT

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Write the letter only.

1. Which skill is considered a technical IT skill?

a. Communication
b. Time management
c. Programming
d. Teamwork
2. Which of the following is a vendor-neutral certification?
a. Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals
b. Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
c. CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+)
d. AWS Certified Solutions Architect
3. The ability to explain technical terms to non-technical people is an example of:
a. Networking skills
b. Soft skills

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c. Coding skills
d. Troubleshooting
4. What is the main purpose of IT certifications?
a. To replace college degrees
b. To validate knowledge and skills in a specific IT area
c. To provide entertainment
d. To promote social media use
5. Which field uses Electronic Health Records (EHR) and telemedicine?
a. Education
b. Healthcare
c. Entertainment
d. Manufacturing
6. Which of these is an IT career focused on security?
a. Data Analyst
b. Network Engineer
c. Security Analyst
d. Game Developer
7. Cloud storage and collaboration tools are most related to which skill set?
a. Basic computer skills
b. Web and collaboration skills
c. Data forensics
d. Robotics engineering
8. Which of these is an emerging issue in IT?
a. Manual filing systems
b. Artificial intelligence ethics and bias
c. Using typewriters for documentation
d. Traditional face-to-face meetings
9. Which career focuses on creating user-friendly and visually appealing interfaces?
a. UX/UI Designer
b. Systems Administrator
c. Penetration Tester
d. Digital Forensics Analyst
10. What does IT Governance and Compliance primarily ensure?
a. Games are tested before launch
b. Users have social media accounts
c. Processes meet laws and organizational policies
d. Students can troubleshoot basic errors

II. Identification: Write the correct term or phrase.

11. The study and practice of collecting and examining digital evidence for investigations.
12. A widely used spreadsheet software for data analysis and calculations.
13. A certification offered by Cisco for networking professionals.
14. A process of breaking down IT projects into tasks, assigning roles, and monitoring progress.
15. Technology that enables remote consultations between patients and doctors.

III. Short Answer: Answer briefly but clearly.

16. Give two examples of soft skills important for IT professionals.

17. Why are IT certifications important for career growth?
18. Name two trends or issues currently affecting the IT industry.
19. How does computing help improve education? Give one example.
20. Identify one IT-related job you are interested in and explain why it appeals to you.

POSTTEST

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Short Answer

1. List two examples of soft skills needed by IT professionals.

2. How does IT improve business operations? Give one example.
3. What is the benefit of being a certified IT professional?
4. Identify one current IT issue and its possible solution.
5. In your own words, describe why computing is important in society today.

REFERENCES

1. Roy, Shambhavi; Daniel, Clinton; and Agrawal, Manish, "Fundamentals of Information

Technology" (2023).FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Textbook –
English. 19. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/dit_tb_eng/19

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