INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE NO.

DOMAINS OF COMPUTING

MODULE OVERVIEW

Computing is more than just programming or working with computers—it is a vast field that
combines theory, technology, problem-solving, and application. Understanding the domains of
computing helps learners see the broad range of opportunities available, the different areas of study,
and the body of knowledge that supports the field.

This lesson will focus on three main aspects of the domains of computing:

1. Professions and Careers in the Computing Field

2. Computing Disciplines
3. Computing Knowledge Areas

This lesson will serve as a guide in exploring the Professions and Careers in the
Computing Field, the Computing Disciplines, and the Computing Knowledge Areas, giving
learners a clear picture of how computing as a profession is organized and applied in the real world.

PRETEST

I. Identification: Write the correct answer.

1. The field of study that focuses on algorithms, programming, and the theoretical foundations of
computing.
2. A computing profession that investigates cybercrimes and recovers digital evidence.
3. The discipline concerned with the design, implementation, and maintenance of software
systems.
4. The knowledge area that deals with protecting systems, networks, and data from attacks.
5. The computing discipline that integrates hardware and software, often related to embedded
systems.

II. True or False: Write T if the statement is correct, otherwise write F.

6. Information Technology (IT) focuses mainly on the theoretical foundations of computing.

7. Data Science is now considered part of the broader domains of computing.
8. Careers in computing are limited to programming and technical support.
9. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a knowledge area that studies how people interact with
technology.
10. Computing knowledge areas include both technical concepts and social/professional issues.

INTRODUCTION
Computing has become one of the most dynamic and influential fields in the modern world.
From the smartphones we use every day to the complex systems that power businesses, healthcare,
education, and government, computing touches almost every aspect of human activity. As technology
continues to evolve rapidly, the demand for professionals with computing knowledge and skills grows
stronger.

To fully understand the breadth of this field, it is important to explore the Domains of
Computing—a framework that highlights the professions and careers available, the disciplines that
define the field, and the core knowledge areas that guide learning and practice. Studying these
domains helps students and future professionals:

 Recognize the wide range of career opportunities in computing.

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 Understand the different disciplines that make up the field, such as Computer Science,
Information Technology, and Software Engineering.
 Gain insight into the essential knowledge areas that provide the foundation for innovation and
problem-solving.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify various professions and careers in the computing field and describe their roles and
responsibilities.
2. Differentiate among the major computing disciplines, such as Computer Science, Information
Technology, Information Systems, Software Engineering, and Computer Engineering.
3. Describe the core computing knowledge areas, including algorithms, programming, human-
computer interaction, networking, cybersecurity, and data management.
4. Analyze how the different domains of computing contribute to solving real-world problems
across industries.
5. Appreciate the importance of computing professions in addressing societal needs and
advancing technological innovation.

PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

IT PROFESSIONS

IT Professions

Information technology now offers a range of attractive career options for workers with a wide
variety of interests, skill levels, and career ambitions.

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Image retrieved from: Roy, Shambhavi; Daniel, Clinton; and Agrawal, Manish,
"Fundamentals of Information Technology" (2023).

1. Software Development - Focuses on designing, coding, testing, and maintaining applications and
systems.
 Software Developer/Engineer: Builds and maintains software applications.
 Mobile App Developer: Creates applications for smartphones and tablets.
 Web Developer: Specializes in websites and web applications (front-end, back-end, full-
stack).
 Game Developer: Produces interactive and immersive games.
 Software Architect: Plans software structures and oversees technical decisions.
 DevOps Engineer: Integrates development and operations to improve deployment speed
and reliability.

2. IT Infrastructure - Involves managing physical and cloud-based systems.

 Network Engineer: Designs and manages network architecture.
 Systems Administrator: Oversees operating systems, servers, and hardware.
 Cloud Engineer: Builds and maintains cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud).
 Data Center Technician: Installs and maintains physical IT hardware in data centers.
 Infrastructure Architect: Creates comprehensive infrastructure solutions for businesses.

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3. IT Support - Provides assistance and problem-solving for technology users.

 Help Desk Technician: First line of support for hardware and software issues.
 IT Support Specialist: Tackles more complex problems for end-users and organizations.
 Desktop Support Technician: Maintains and troubleshoots desktop systems and
applications.
 Technical Account Manager: Manages client technical needs and relationships.

4. Data Management - Handles data organization, storage, and analysis.

 Database Administrator (DBA): Ensures database security and performance.
 Data Analyst: Translates raw data into meaningful insights.
 Data Engineer: Builds pipelines and structures for large-scale data.
 Data Scientist: Uses machine learning and statistics to make predictions and
recommendations.
 Big Data Architect: Designs systems capable of handling massive amounts of data.

5. Cybersecurity - Protects systems and information from threats.

 Security Analyst: Monitors networks for suspicious activity.
 Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker): Tests systems to find and fix weaknesses.
 Security Architect: Designs secure IT infrastructures.
 Incident Responder: Handles breaches and investigates attacks.
 Compliance Officer: Ensures security measures meet legal and industry standards.

6. Computer Forensics - Focuses on digital investigations and evidence handling.

 Digital Forensics Analyst: Collects and examines digital evidence for investigations.
 Cybercrime Investigator: Tracks and analyzes cyberattacks and criminal activity.
 eDiscovery Specialist: Handles legal data collection for court cases.
 Malware Analyst: Examines malicious code to understand and mitigate threats.

7. Internet Infrastructure - Supports the systems behind online services and connectivity.
 Network Operations Center (NOC) Technician: Monitors and maintains internet service
performance.
 Internet Systems Architect: Builds systems for ISPs and large organizations.
 Domain Administrator: Manages DNS and domain services.
 Cloud Operations Specialist: Oversees cloud-hosted services and uptime.

8. Research and Development - Explores new technologies and innovative solutions.

 AI/ML Researcher: Creates advanced models for artificial intelligence.
 Human-Computer Interaction Specialist: Studies user experiences and system usability.
 Robotics Engineer: Develops automated machines and intelligent systems.
 Quantum Computing Researcher: Investigates next-generation computing technologies.

9. Project and Product Management - Focuses on planning, execution, and delivery of IT projects
and products.
 IT Project Manager: Oversees timelines, budgets, and goals for IT initiatives.
 Agile/Scrum Master: Facilitates agile development teams and workflows.
 Product Owner: Defines product features and works with development teams to deliver
value.

10. IT Governance and Compliance - Ensures IT processes meet regulations and organizational
goals.
 IT Auditor: Reviews IT systems for efficiency and compliance.
 Compliance Analyst: Ensures adherence to laws and internal policies.
 Risk Manager: Identifies and mitigates potential IT risks.

11. User Experience and Design - Focuses on the usability and aesthetics of systems and
applications.
 UX/UI Designer: Creates interfaces that are intuitive and visually appealing.
 Interaction Designer: Plans how users interact with systems.
 Usability Tester: Evaluates system ease-of-use through testing and feedback.

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12. Artificial Intelligence and Automation - Specialized in building smart systems and automated
processes.
 AI Engineer: Implements machine learning models in real-world applications.
 Automation Specialist: Designs automated workflows and processes.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) Engineer: Works with language-based AI, such as
chatbots and speech recognition.

13. Teaching and Training - Focuses on education and skill-building in IT.

 IT Instructor: Teaches IT skills in schools, colleges, or online platforms.
 Corporate Trainer: Provides workforce training on IT tools and practices.
 Technical Writer: Creates manuals, guides, and documentation for IT systems.

COMPUTING DISCIPLINES

1. Computer Engineering (CE)

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Computer Engineering combines principles of electrical engineering and computer science. It

focuses on the design, development, and construction of computer hardware and computer-based
systems. Computer engineers work on microprocessors, embedded systems, circuit design, and
hardware-software integration.

 Example Careers: Hardware engineer, embedded systems designer, robotics engineer, IoT
developer.
 Applications: Developing processors for smartphones, designing self-driving car systems, and
creating medical devices with embedded computing.

2. Computer Science (CS)

Computer Science is the broadest discipline of computing. It covers theoretical foundations

like algorithms, data structures, and computational theory, as well as practical applications such as
programming, artificial intelligence, and graphics. CS drives innovation in both hardware and software,
pushing the boundaries of what computers can do.

 Example Careers: Software developer, AI researcher, computational scientist, systems

analyst.
 Applications: Machine learning algorithms in healthcare, virtual reality in gaming, and
optimization algorithms for logistics.

3. Cybersecurity (CY)

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Cybersecurity is centered on the protection of information systems from cyberattacks, data

breaches, and unauthorized access. It involves designing secure systems, analyzing threats, and
testing system vulnerabilities. As digital threats grow, cybersecurity has become a critical discipline.

 Example Careers: Cybersecurity analyst, penetration tester, cryptographer, security architect.

 Applications: Protecting banking systems from fraud, securing government databases, and
implementing encryption in messaging apps.

4. Data Science (DS)

Data Science integrates statistics, domain knowledge, and computer science to extract
insights from large volumes of data. It uses techniques like data mining, machine learning, and
predictive modeling to make informed decisions. With the rise of “big data,” data science has become
one of the fastest-growing fields.

 Example Careers: Data analyst, machine learning engineer, data scientist, business
intelligence specialist.
 Applications: Recommender systems in Netflix and Spotify, predictive analytics in healthcare,
fraud detection in finance.
5. Information Systems (IS)

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Information Systems focus on the integration of computing solutions into organizational

processes. This discipline bridges the gap between business needs and computing technology,
ensuring that technology aligns with strategic goals.

 Example Careers: Systems analyst, database administrator, ERP consultant, IT project

manager.
 Applications: Managing e-commerce platforms, implementing hospital information systems,
and developing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.

6. Information Technology (IT)

Information Technology emphasizes the application, deployment, and support of computer

systems to meet the needs of businesses and organizations. IT professionals are responsible for
system administration, networking, databases, and ensuring smooth operations.

 Example Careers: IT support specialist, network administrator, cloud engineer, IT consultant.

 Applications: Setting up secure office networks, maintaining company servers, deploying
cloud services for remote work.

7. Software Engineering (SE)

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Software Engineering deals with the systematic design, development, and maintenance of
reliable software systems. It applies engineering principles to software development to ensure quality,
scalability, and long-term usability.

 Example Careers: Software engineer, QA tester, DevOps engineer, application architect.

 Applications: Developing enterprise-level software, building mobile apps, ensuring continuous
integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.

8. Other Specialties

Computing continues to expand, leading to specialized and interdisciplinary fields that

combine computing with other domains. These include:

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML): Building intelligent systems that can
learn and adapt.
 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): Designing user-friendly systems and interfaces.
 Bioinformatics: Applying computing to analyze biological data.
 Quantum Computing: Exploring computation using quantum-mechanical principles.
 Game Development: Combining graphics, AI, and design for interactive entertainment.

KNOWLEDGE AREAS IN COMPUTING

1. Algorithms and Complexity

Algorithms are step-by-step methods for solving problems, while complexity evaluates how
efficient those methods are in terms of speed and memory use.

 Example: Choosing QuickSort over Bubble Sort to sort large data faster.
 Application: Search engines use efficient algorithms to deliver results in
milliseconds.

2. Programming Languages
Covers syntax (rules), semantics (meaning), and paradigms (styles) of programming.
Students learn to write, debug, and structure programs across languages.

 Example Languages: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript.

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 Application: Web applications, AI models, and mobile apps rely on programming.

3. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

Focuses on designing intuitive, accessible, and user-friendly systems. It bridges technology
and psychology.

 Example: Touchscreen interfaces with easy navigation.

 Application: Smartphone apps, VR/AR systems, ATM interfaces.

4. Operating Systems (OS)

Manages computer hardware and software resources, allowing multiple applications to run
efficiently.

 Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android.

 Application: Enabling multitasking—running a browser, music player, and word
processor simultaneously.

5. Networking and Communication

Studies how data is transmitted and shared across devices and systems, guided by protocols
and architectures.

 Examples: TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, 5G networks.

 Application: Online streaming, email, and IoT devices.

6. Information Management
Involves organizing, storing, securing, and retrieving data effectively.

 Examples: Relational databases (MySQL, Oracle), NoSQL (MongoDB).

 Application: Hospital record systems, e-commerce product databases.

7. Intelligent Systems
Deals with Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and robotics to simulate or
enhance human intelligence.

 Examples: Chatbots, recommendation systems, autonomous vehicles.

 Application: AI assistants like Siri, predictive analytics in healthcare.

8. Cybersecurity and Privacy

Protects systems, networks, and data from attacks, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and
availability.

 Examples: Encryption, firewalls, two-factor authentication.

 Application: Online banking security, data protection in government systems.

9. Software Development Fundamentals

Covers principles of software design, implementation, testing, and maintenance, emphasizing
quality and teamwork.

 Examples: Agile methodology, Git, unit testing.

 Application: Building mobile apps, enterprise software, or gaming systems.

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10. Social and Professional Issues

Explores ethics, law, and societal impact of computing. Professionals are expected to act
responsibly and consider consequences of technology.

 Examples: AI ethics, data privacy, digital divide.

 Application: Compliance with GDPR or Data Privacy Act; ethical hacking practices.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity Title: Computing in Action

Objective:
 To deepen students’ understanding of computing disciplines and knowledge areas by
applying them to real-world scenarios.
 To encourage collaborative analysis and critical thinking.
Materials Needed:
 Manila paper or digital slides (if classroom has projector)
 Markers or online collaboration tools (e.g., Jamboard, Padlet, Canva)
Instructions for Students:
1. Group Formation
o Divide into 8–10 small groups (3–5 members each).
o Each group will be assigned one Computing Discipline (e.g., Computer Engineering,
Data Science, Cybersecurity, Software Engineering) or Knowledge Area (e.g.,
Algorithms, Networking, HCI, Cybersecurity).
2. Scenario Assignment
o Each group receives a real-world problem scenario related to their topic.
3. Task
o Discuss within the group and answer:
a) What discipline/knowledge area applies to this scenario?
b) What tools, techniques, or methods can solve the problem?
c) How does this relate to real-world careers in computing?
4. Output
o Create a short presentation (5 minutes max) or a visual poster summarizing your
group’s solution.
o Include: discipline/knowledge area, tools/techniques, and job roles (e.g., data
scientist, systems analyst, security engineer).
5. Presentation & Reflection
o Each group presents.
o After all presentations, reflect as a class:
 How do different computing domains connect?
 Why is it important to integrate knowledge areas in solving problems?

GENERALIZATION

Computing is present everywhere in daily life—it powers communication, education,

businesses, healthcare, and entertainment. This lesson introduced students to the professions,
disciplines, and knowledge areas of computing to help them understand the field more clearly.

First, students learned that there are many professions in computing. Careers such as
software developers, data scientists, IT specialists, and cybersecurity experts are needed in almost
every industry today because technology supports essential services and problem-solving.

Second, they explored the different disciplines of computing. Computer Engineering deals
with designing and building hardware systems, while Computer Science focuses on theories and
developing new technologies. Cybersecurity protects information and systems from attacks, and Data
Science extracts insights from large amounts of data. Information Systems and Information

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Technology support businesses by applying computer-based solutions, and Software Engineering

develops reliable applications and programs. Other specializations combine computing with fields
such as biology, medicine, or ethics.

Finally, students were introduced to the knowledge areas of computing. These include
algorithms, programming, operating systems, networking, information management, intelligent
systems like AI, and cybersecurity. Social and professional issues, such as ethics and responsibility,
were also emphasized since computing directly affects people and communities.

In summary, computing is a broad and dynamic field. By learning about its careers,
disciplines, and knowledge areas, students gain a better appreciation of how technology solves
problems, improves lives, and opens opportunities for the future.

ASSESSMENT

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Write the letter only.

1. Which computing discipline is mainly concerned with designing and building computer
hardware and embedded systems?
a) Software Engineering
b) Computer Engineering
c) Data Science
d) Cybersecurity
2. A company wants to analyze customer purchasing habits to improve marketing. Which field of
computing is MOST relevant?
a) Data Science
b) Cybersecurity
c) Networking
d) Information Systems
3. Which knowledge area focuses on the design of user-friendly and accessible interfaces?
a) Algorithms and Complexity
b) Human-Computer Interaction
c) Networking and Communication
d) Software Development Fundamentals
4. Protecting information and systems from unauthorized access falls under which discipline?
a) Information Systems
b) Cybersecurity
c) Computer Science
d) Operating Systems
5. The systematic process of building and maintaining large-scale software is called:
a) Data Science
b) Computer Engineering
c) Software Engineering
d) Information Technology

II. True or False: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

6. Information Technology focuses on the theoretical foundations of computing.

7. Algorithms and Complexity deal with solving problems efficiently using time and memory
resources.
8. Social and Professional Issues in computing include ethics, law, and societal impact.

II. Identification: Write the correct term or phrase.

9. The computing discipline that integrates technology solutions into business processes is
called ___________.

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING MODULE NO. 2

10. The knowledge area that involves Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Robotics is
___________.

POSTTEST
I. Identification: Write the correct answer.

1. The field of study that focuses on algorithms, programming, and the theoretical foundations of
computing.
2. A computing profession that investigates cybercrimes and recovers digital evidence.
3. The discipline concerned with the design, implementation, and maintenance of software
systems.
4. The knowledge area that deals with protecting systems, networks, and data from attacks.
5. The computing discipline that integrates hardware and software, often related to embedded
systems.

II. True or False: Write T if the statement is correct, otherwise write F.

6. Information Technology (IT) focuses mainly on the theoretical foundations of computing.

7. Data Science is now considered part of the broader domains of computing.
8. Careers in computing are limited to programming and technical support.
9. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a knowledge area that studies how people interact with
technology.
10. Computing knowledge areas include both technical concepts and social/professional issues.

REFERENCES

1. Roy, Shambhavi; Daniel, Clinton; and Agrawal, Manish, "Fundamentals of Information

Technology" (2023).FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Textbook –
English. 19.
2. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/dit_tb_eng/19
3. https://csed.acm.org/
4. https://ceric.ca/projects/3rd-edition-computing-disciplines-a-quick-guide-for-prospective-
students-and-career-advisors/

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