Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Generic Files Non Generic Files
Can be opened on any platform Cannot be opened on any platform
Can be opened from and saved in a Not always possible to open files from
package specific format packages
Examples include Excel Spreadsheets,
Examples include PDF, JPEG etc
Word documents etc
File Types & Their Extensions
Sr. No File Type Extension
1. Comma Separated Values .csv
2. Text .txt
3. Rich Text Format .rtf
4. Graphics Interchange Format .gif
5. Joint Photographic Expert Group .jpg
6. Portable Document Format .pdf
7. Portable Network Graphics .png
8. Moving Pictures Experts Group Layer 4 .mp4
9. Moving Pictures Experts Group Layer 3 .mp3
10. Cascading Stylesheet .css
11. Hyper Text Markup Language .htm
12. Roshal Archive .rar
13. Zip .zip
14. Excel Spreadsheets .xlsx
15. Word Documents .docx
16. Access Database .accdb
File
Types
Non
Generic
Generic
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Non Generic
File Types
.xlsx .docx .accdb
Generic Files
Generic Generic
Generic Text Generic Image Generic Audio
Website Compressed
Files Files Files
Authoring Files Files
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Generic
Text Files
.csv .txt .rtf
Generic
Image Files
.gif .jpg .pdf .png .mp4
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected] Generic
Audio Files
.mp3
Generic
Website
Authoring Files
.css .htm
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Generic
Compressed
Files
.rar .zip
•These files have a .csv extension
•Data in the form of tables is saved in a text format
Comma •Data items are separated with commas
•However, some files provide the option to select another character such as a
Separated Values semicolons instead of commas
•This file format is suppported by all spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel, Apple
Numbers etc
•These files have a .txt file extension
•These files are not formatted. This means that they contain only
Text plain text and even bold and italics formatting is not possible
•Hence they can be opened in any Word Processor
• These files have a .rtf file extension
Rich Text Format • Some of the text here is formatted
• It was developed by Microsoft Corporation in the 1980s
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]Portable Document Format
• Introduction
o These files have a .pdf file extension
o This file format was developed by Adobe in 1990s
• Features
o It enables the conversion of a document to an electronic image format
o The pages can be read on most computers and look exactly like they
would on printing
• These files can:
o Contain interactive elements such as clickable links, videos, audios,
buttons for form entries etc.
o Be password protected
o Be protected from editing
o Be forwarded with ease
o Permit text to be copied and pasted onto a word processor
• Used for:
o Documents such as magazine articles, product brochures or flyers
o Situations in which documents need to be distributed online in a way
that they look similar to printed ones
Sr. Point of
Graphics Interchange Format Joint Photographic Expert Group
No Distinction
Stores both still and moving Stores only still images and not
1. Moving Images
images moving images
Still Images, Photography, Simple Animations, Graphics &
2. Used for
Brochures, Flyers & Books Computer Generated Images
Number of
3. Supports maximum of 256 colours Supports up to 16 million colours
Colours
4. Extension .gif .jpg or .jpeg
Portable Network Graphics
• These files have a .png file extension
• Graphics (Images) are compressed without any loss of quality
• This format was created to replace gif
• Is the most used lossless compression format for images online
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]Sr. Point of Moving Pictures Experts
Moving Pictures Experts Group Layer 4
No Distinction Group Layer 3
It is not a single file format but a
1. Type It is a single file format
multimedia containers
Used to store audio files, video files, still
2. Stores Used to store audio files
images, etc
3. Size Relatively smaller Relatively larger
4. Extension .mp3 .mp4
For GIF, JPG, PNG, MP3 and MP4 – also refer to the textbook
Cascading Style Sheets
• It is a file that has a .css extension
• It enables to add style to a web document.
• Used for:
o Defining styles for WebPages such as the design, layout and variations
in display for different devices and screen sizes.
o Using these files, the layout of multiple web pages can be controlled at
once.
o Using these files, the look of an entire website can be changed by
changing just one file.
o Development of large websites where formatting with HTML becomes
difficult
Sr. Point of
Cascading Style Sheet Hyper Text Markup Language
No Distinction
The actual content of the
Responsible
1. Design or style of the webpage webpage such as the written
for
text
2. CSS can be used in a HTML file HTML cannot be used in a CSS
Adapt display for different
Publish online documents, design forms devices,
3. Used to for ordering products or making
reservations Design colours, fonts and
layouts
4. Extension .css .htm
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Hyper Text Markup Language
• It is a file that has a .htm extension
• Creates the actual content of a webpage
• Is a text based language
Generic Compressed Files
• Include Roshal Archive and Zip files with the extension of .rar and .zip
respectively
• Roshal Archive was developed by the Russian software engineer Eugene
Roshal
• Both can hold almost any file type in a compressed format.
• Both are used to reduce the number of bytes needed to save a file so that the
storage space is saved or the files can be shared quickly between devices
• Used while sharing large size documents over email
Application Based Questions
Q.) A student has two options to use for submitting his / her project – rtf or txt
file format. Which option would be better?
A.) The rtf file format would be a better option as it permits some formatting.
In case of the txt file, no formatting is possible.
______________________________________________________________
Q.) A teacher wishes to share ICT Notes over email with his / her students.
However, the file sizes are very large as there a lot of videos, documents with
hd images etc. Suggest a method to share the notes
A.) The notes can be compressed using a rar or zip file and then shared
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
______________________________________________________________
Q.) A newly opened restaurant wishes to share its menu with people in the
locality. Its marketing committee suggested registering on a food ordering
platform like Zomato. Which file type would the restaurant use to upload its
menu?
A.) The pdf file format could be used as the electronic image of the menu will
be of a high quality and would look exactly as it would on being printed.
______________________________________________________________
Q.) The restaurant now wishes to use social media to update its customers on
how good a birthday celebration there was. Suggest the owner a suitable file
type between jpg and gif.
A.) The gif file format would be a better option as it stores both still and
moving images whereas a jpg file will save only a still image.
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Managing Files Effectively
Locating Stored Files
Use the ‘This PC’ Icon
• Top: shows the path to the current location
• Left Pane: used to locate the drive one wishes to use
• Right Pane: shows the files and folders stored in the selected drive. Also gives
information on their type, size and date of saving or modifying
Opening Stored Files
There are two ways to open a saved file:
i. Double click on the required file and it will open in the most suitable
application
ii. If we wish to open a file with another application, then the steps to do so are:
a. Right click on the filename
b. Click on the Open With option
c. Select the desired option
Saving Files: Two ways to do so are:
i. SAVE: to save the current file with the same filename. This is used while
working on an already saved file where we save our work time and again
(CTRL + S)
ii. SAVE AS: to save the current file with a new filename or as a new file type or
in a new location. This option is mostly used while saving a file for the first
time.
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Reasons to reduce file sizes
1) To make efficient use of the limited storage capacities
2) To ensure they take less time to load online
3) To enhance the speed of transferring files from the computer to the devices
such as printers etc.
4) To reduce the time taken to send files as email attachments
5) As more and more organisations start to hold digital images (for example,
pictures of employees, pictures of employees identity cards etc), file sizes
must be kept as small as possible. Generally image files are the largest in size.
The higher the resolution, the larger the size.
Two ways to adjust the file sizes
1) Resize:
a. This method is used to physically resize an image in a graphics package
b. The changed image is then saved with a new filename
c. In this method, the physical dimensions (width and height) of an image
are changed.
d. Advantage is that the WebPages with the reduced image sizes can be
displayed more quickly
e. Disadvantage is that the lower resolution image appears pixelated on
enlarging
2) Resample:
a. It is the process of changing the quality of an image.
b. Images can be downsampled : means use fewer pixels for the image so
that the file size is reduced and web pages can load more quickly
c. Images can also be upsampled: means adding more pixels.
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Steps to Resize an Image
Open Adobe
Photoshop
Select the Image
option from the menu
Select the Image Size
option
Image Size window
opens
Change the value in
the Width box
By unticking the Constrain
Untick the Constrain Proportion Box, we stop the image
Proportions Box from automatically maintaining its
aspect ratio.
Change the value in
the Height Box
Click on Ok
Save the new image
using Save As option
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected] Steps to Resample an Image
Resize an image as required
Select File and Save As option to
save the new file
A JPEG Options dialog box opens
up
The numbers between 1 to 12 indicate
the file size and quality
1 means the smallest file size which
Type the number between 1 and
maybe quickest to load but is the 12 in the image quality option or
poorest image quality select from the dropdown
12 means the highest image quality but
the largest file size which are slow to
load
Click on Ok
Sejal B Manglani
+91 9820633729
[email protected]
Snipping Tool
It is used to take a screenshot.
Click on the Snipping
Tool Icon
A small window is
opened
Click on New
the screen will change
colour
drag the cursor over
the area to be snipped
