X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

INSTALLATION GUIDE – Marine

X2 BMS 12/24

The Installation Guide is for the X2 BMS. Please read safety precautions in the Installations Guide
before work with a lithium battery.

The User Manual is intended to provide the user with information regarding the system, features and
specification. Please read the manual before using the lithium battery system.

Notice of Copyright X2 BMS ® Installation Guide copyright © 2021 - 2022 all rights reserved.
No part of this document may be distributed, shared or copied to any other parties in any form without
the consent of MasterLi AB, Sweden. Prohibition also applies to sharing on social media.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the consent of MasterLi AB,
Sweden.

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

General warnings
! Ø Do not use a damaged lithium cell / battery.
Ø Do not short-circuit the battery, it can cause the battery to be damaged and the strong current can
create fire.
Ø Always protect the cell terminals from short circuits. Do not place metallic items or tools on top of
the lithium battery.
Ø When working with the lithium battery; do not use jewellery or wristwatch. Ring, bracelet, watch or
necklace can cause short circuit, which melts the metal and risk of serious injury.
Ø Use insulated tools (use tape to insulate).

Installation warnings
!
Ø Before doing any service on the battery, always power off the BMS and disconnect the white
cell-socket on the BMS board (ie. before disconnection of battery positive or negative cable, or
any tap wire).
Ø Never connect the white socket (cell connections) on the right side of BMS (board) before all
tap (cell) wires are connected.
Ø Always double check that tap wires from fuse box to cell terminals are in correct order:
Printed on fuse box:
• C1+ is the battery’s first cell where battery’s negative is connected.
• C4+ is where battery’s positive for 12 V is connected.
• C8+ is where battery’s positive for 24 V is connected.
• C0 is Cell 1- and the same as battery’s negative.
Ø When connecting terminals to the BMS, do it in following order:
1. Check DIP switch on the circuit board is in correct position: 12 V is down (1) and 24 V is up
(ON).
2. Connect the green Terminal A and then Terminal B (A is on left side and B at bottom).
3. Check that all tap wires are connected to cells in correct order.
4. Connect the white terminal (socket) on the right side (The small is for 12 V and large for 24
V).
Ø If the green terminal has to be removed after it has been pressed in, use chisel tool or similar
and turn tool between socket/terminal to pull out the terminal to loosen.
(The green terminal is a high quality “Phoenix Contact” made in Germany and can be hard to
loosen without using chisel tool).
The warranty is limited to compliance with the installation warnings.

Warnings when override the system

!
Ø Never disconnect the BMS to allow usage of the lithium battery. The X2 BMS will protect safely
and unable use of damaged battery and cells.
Ø If backup switch will be used and system (BMS) is on. Be aware, the chargers and aux / start
battery are connected to load bus (not only charge bus). In event of HVP or not allowed charge
temp, the charge relay will open to protect from charging. However, when backup, the charge relay
will be override, meaning charge current can flow via load relay to the lithium battery despite
charge relay will open.
Ø When using backup switch and charging, it’s recommended any operator can notice if BMS
Control will start any warning including buzzer and manually disconnect charging. The X2 BMS will
alert by LED and Buzzer as pre-warning in any event of HVP or Temp.
Ø When using backup and system (BMS) off, it’s recommended to have the external Battery Monitor
set on low voltage alarm for Starter / Aux battery. Be aware if ongoing consumption and shore
power disconnected (unplugged), the starter / aux can be drained. Consider protection by Battery
Protect (for example Victron BP220) connected on the backup cable from starter / aux.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Advice to the installer

Installing 12/24 volt electrical equipment and batteries as DIY does not require any special
authorization. The low voltage poses no danger of getting current through the body. However,
incorrect installation can damage equipment and / or batteries. Incorrect design regarding
dimensioning on cables, fuses, contactors etc. can mean danger of overheating and fire.

Cables of high quality and in the right length and area are important to get efficient charge, but also to
power equipment that requires high current.

Do not use washers in between any connections, such as lug, fuse, relay.

Support
We offer free support during installation and includes all equipment around X2 BMS including external
parts. Send email about any questions and we will answer asap.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

System structure overview

System of two batteries - Lithium and Starter (or Aux)
Lithium battery (LiFePO4) and lead battery, used as Starter or Aux, have very similar voltage during
charging, which allow combined charging. When not charging, the voltage will differ and batteries
must be isolated from each other.

How it works in a traditional lead system

A common way to isolate lead starter from lead
service battery is by Active Voltage Relay.
However, AVR cannot be used for Lithium due to
difference in voltage between Lead and Lithium.
Moreover, Lithium has different charge profile, i.e.
very low charge voltage (< 13 V) when charging
at low status.
An active voltage relay with “lithium voltage” is
not intelligent enough to monitor whether there is
an ongoing charge in all situations, since the
charge profile for lithium differs from lead.
Due to this fact, the active Cyrix-Li relay is not
recommended, because it will risk interrupting the
ongoing charge current. Another drawback with
an active relay is continuous power consumption When Active Voltage Relay (as for lead system above)
from AVR (as Cyrix-Li) even when open / sensing voltage > 13.2 V = charging, then an Active
disconnected. Voltage Relay will close.

Another common way to isolate batteries is via an “isolator” however they have several drawbacks as
described below. More information can be found in the Appendix regarding drawbacks of isolator and
DC/DC as well as alternator charging.

The concept of X2 for Lithium + Lead

The new “X2” design is able to connect two
batteries; Lithium and Lead. Instead of an Active
Voltage Relay, the X2 BMS firmware controls a
standard Relay as combiner of Lithium and Lead
batteries. When no charging, the X2-algorithm will
isolate batteries by open the relay (image on
right).

For 24 V, an Aux battery is recommended to

obtain X2 benefits and the possibility of backup
(connected as the starter in image on right).

X2 BMS uses a high-performance micro-controller

and algorithm based on all battery data, including
cell monitoring, enabling it to sense charging.
When X2 BMS senses charging, the relay will close and
connect the two batteries during charging. Relay will
Since the lead battery in the X2 system is not
open when no charging. In schematics on next pages,
normally cycled, the charging voltage given in this relay is named Charge Relay.
parallel with lithium will be optimal (float voltage
for lead). When the X2 BMS switches off charging to lithium, the lead-acid battery will then be
charged normally with the steps on which the charger is set.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

The lead-acid battery will mainly serve to start the engine (12 V) or as an auxiliary (for 24 V).
However, the lead-acid battery also has other important tasks in the X2 system such as:
• Pre-charge to avoid damage to the charge relay
• Protect from load dump
• Supply controllers with input power to manage wind and hydro turbines to not be damaged when
spinning and BMS disconnect lithium (by opening charge relay).
• Allow chargers to show voltage when they are ON and thereby allow X2 BMS sensing to regulate
charging.

Benefits of X2 technology and use of standard relay as combiner

Ø X2 BMS uses relay which has zero standby current when disconnected (opened).
Ø Manages high current (500+ A) passing relay without temperature issues (no electronics as
micro-controller inside a standard relay).
Ø Improved performance without failure to charge lithium battery at low state of charge.

Multiple functions to control relays and/or remotes:

Load Relay - protects from discharging:

Ø Low Cell Voltage (LVP)
Ø High Temperature
(HTP > 55° C)
Ø Isolate Battery during storage

Charge Relay - protects from charging:

Ø High Cell Voltage (HVP)
Ø High Charge temperature
(> 45° C)
Ø Low Charge Temperature
(< 2° C)
Ø Isolate Battery during storage

Charge Relay also operates as follows:

Ø Combine / Isolate (as ”X2”) of lithium
and lead battery (starter or aux).
Multiple functions for the Charge Relay in events of: HVP,
Ø Disconnect according to X2 BMS Temperature, Combine (X2), Charge Management and
Charge Management System (CMS). LVP.
Ø Disconnect in event of Low Voltage
(LVP) and completely isolate the lithium battery.

Outputs to control relays and/or chargers by remote

The control of Charge Relay has multiple functions. X2 BMS is equipped with several dedicated
outputs including a pre-signal, which can be used to operate alternators as well as other controllers by
a remote signal.

The specific output (#10 in figure 1) is used as remote control and will disconnect 2 sec. before
Charge Relay.
There are different outputs for connecting different types of relays, including latching (bi-stable) as
Load Relay, which is operated by the microcontroller as a very safe pulse (asymmetric time for
opening / closing and a period of pulse adapted to perform pre-charge). Maximum current per output
is 20 A (peak), which enable connection of three DC Relays per output and “unlimited” numbers of
remotes.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Figure 1

X2 BMS is able
to control all
types of
Chargers,
Inverters,
Multis/Quattros,
Alternators,
Wind
generators,
Hydro
generators,
MPPT solar
controllers.

Schematics on
last pages.

Communicates with Victron MultiPlus, Quattro or Phoenix inverter, which connects by single standard
wires and small signal relay. Mastervolt Combo and other inverter/chargers can be adopted as well.

Five different BMS outputs (#) can be used to control:

Ø Remote on/off of Loads (#5)

Ø Remote on/off of Chargers (#10 or #9)
Ø Remote on/off of Victron Multi charger/inverter (#9 and #5)
Ø Remote on/off of MPPT solar controllers (#10 or #9)
Ø Remote on/off of Alternator control (#10)
Ø Remote on/off of SSR as Victron BP220 (#12 as charge relay or #5 as load relay)
Ø DC Charge Relay 500+ A non-latching (#12)
Ø DC Load Relay 500+ A non-latching (#5)
Ø DC Load Relay 500+ A latching (bi-stable) (#6 and #7)

Note: #XX is output number at BMS terminal B. SSR is a MOSFET-relay that has limited current and power loss
at high current.

Table of Outputs

OUTPUTS TO CONTROL DC RELAY and/or REMOTE

Action CHARGE Action DISCHARGE
Event of Protection Output 1 Output 2 Output 1+2* Output 4** Output 5 Output 6
Terminal No. #09 #12 #12 #10 #05 #06 / #07
High Voltage Protection OFF OFF Pre-OFF**
Charge Management System (CMS) OFF OFF Pre-OFF**
Battery isolator (X2) of Starter / Lithium OFF OFF Pre-OFF**
Over-temperature > 45° C OFF OFF Pre-OFF**
Under-temperature < 2° C OFF OFF Pre-OFF**
Low Voltage Protection 1 OFF OFF
Low Voltage Protection 2 OFF OFF
Over-temperature > 55° C OFF OFF
*) Connects by wire (jumper) between #09 and #11.
**) Output 4 (# 10) is a pre-signal, 2 seconds before # 09 and # 12. This output closes again after # 09 or # 12 have opened Charge Relay.
Output 4 is designed to operate safely as remote for alternators (AFD) and other chargers that are remotely controlled before Charge Relay will be opened.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Installation
Planning the installation
Find the schematic for your system on the last pages.
Please note, if the system has latching load relay (bi-stable), the 12:1B will show connection (for both
12V and 24 V) of the load relay as well as Power BMS #1 connection.

Plan the installation and decide how the battery should be placed with the + and - terminals. Make a
layout with the different items.

Ø Load / Charge Relays (connect with a short busbar)

Ø X2 BMS + Fuse box
Ø Shunt (external Battery Monitor)
Ø Main Fuse
Ø Busbars (negative and positive busbars)
Ø Main Switch

Try to position the different parts so that the cables are short but have room to bend. Note that battery
cables are rigid and cannot be bent with a short radius. Short cables (2 dm) become completely stiff
when lugs are crimped. When short cables; adjust (bend) the cable lug so that the installation surface
is completely flat and then connect the cable first and then mount the item.

If possible, keep distance between negative busbar incl shunt and all other items (which are positive).
This is to minimize the risk of short circuits from objects that may be conductive.

Schematic includes
backup relay and on
the backup cable a
(§7) Battery Protect
is connected to
protect the lead
battery when using
”long term shore
power” mode.
Further comments
(§) in Schematic
12:1BUP-B at the
end of this document.
Long term shore
power mode is
described in the User
Manual

Start by taking several pictures of the old installation including cable connections and also mark
where cables are connected.

Switch off: Shore power charger and disconnect AC, solar cells and other charging sources.
Remove cables and lift + cable to starter battery and protect battery terminal, to avoid short circuit.
Alternatively, remove the fuse to Starter or protect the positive cable and then lift out the old batteries.

If the space is cramped, mark (with tape) the cell pack’s footprint, i.e. where the battery should stand
(consider the location of the mounting strip, etc.), mount (drill and screw) parts that are cramped
before mounting the Cell Pack.

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Installation of the Cell Pack

Lithium battery has a very long life, therefore extra care is recommended for good placement and
installation. With regard to cabling, it is easiest to place in the old battery compartment. If the old
batteries were placed in an area exposed to moisture and / or dirt, or in a hot area as the engine
compartment, we recommend alternative placement, or placing the lithium battery in a protective box.

Make sure that the battery is "anchored" and does not move. The tensioning strap or similar must not
cross the cell terminals or the small safety valve (in the middle). We recommend that prismatic cells
will be placed upright with regard to maximum service life and safety.

Compression plates is recommended for most prismatic cell brands. Image of poor 123BMS which
However, for Winston cells there is no tendency of swelling when used make the cells to swell due to
in yachts as house battery AND when a good BMS will take care of over or under charge
protection and balancing. When Winston is used as EV with high
continuous discharge / charge (current), compression plates are
recommended for Winston as well.

Protect cell terminals to avoid short circuit (..the coming 25 years).

Please note the danger if any metal part (tool) will be left on top of cells
which can create short circuit when the boat is moving / heeling.

Assembly of the cells

Decide which of the four corners of the battery is most
suitable to be + terminal regards to cables.
When connecting in series, set the cells alternately,
positive and negative. The first cell, No. 1 is battery’s
negative and cell No. 4 (+12 V) or cell No. 8 (+24 V) are
battery’s positive.
When mounting > 4 cells for 12V (and >8 cells for 24
V); mount first 2, or 3, or 4 cells in parallel and then 4 in
series (or 8 for 24 V). Image nr. 2 on the right is eigth
cells as 2P4S.

When connect cables to Cell Pack with 4 cells (8 cells

!
for 24 V); be careful when placing the cable lug at the
positive or negative terminal so that a nearby (approx. 3
cm) cell terminal is not short-circuited with a cable lug
or tool. If PVC protection is fitted, use a socket wrench
which is protected with tape and tighten the bolt firmly
but with limited force. (Lock washers ensure that the
bolt is tight). Use tools that are protected with e.g.
insulating tape so that the tool does NOT cause a short
circuit when touching other terminals.

! Never leave multiple cell connections loose on the

terminals! Be aware of the risk to short circuits two cells
when connected in series.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Installation of relays and cables

Connect the busbar (connection) between relays. Fasten relays on two holes and then remove busbar and screw
the other two holes (screws are attached). Connect the cable, battery positive to main fuse and then to the
busbar between relays. According to schematic, connect all cables between busbars, relays, chargers,
consumers and Starter / Aux battery. Connect Backup relay (optional) as image below and schematic 12:1BUP.

Negative Busbar
#5 Load Relay #12 Charge Relay

Yellow / White (C)

Load Relay Charge Relay Backup Relay

Const pwr #3 and green / white (A) Grey/brown, Backup On/OFF toggle – Negative (D)

Connect #3 wire
Const Pwr

Load Bus Lithium Battery Charge Bus

CABLE CABLE CABLE

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Installation of the BMS Control

Find a proper place which might be at same place where external Battery Monitor.
Dimension of the BMS Control is 70 x 105 mm. The dimension for Victron Battery Monitor is 69x69
mm with the frame. Philippi BM has 105 mm. Find a good position together with the Battery Monitor
used.

Use the template, mark the corners with any sharp,

remove the template and draw a line in between. Saw
the hole with a multi-tool along the line.

Fix the BMS Control in height / scale in the hole and

mark boreholes.

Remove panel and drill 4x 3.5 mm holes.

Mount the control panel with the supplied screws (black
stainless steel).

If cable needs to be bare when pulling cable, take a picture of the color wires and connection, then
remove the green terminal.
When pulling cable with BMS Control mounted; protect BMS Control with bubble wrap or similar.
If cable is not mounted, or the color code missing, please contact us for image how to connect.

Installation of the X2 BMS

It’s recommended to wall mount the BMS unit
and the long-side pointing up. With this
orientation the heatsink has the best
performance with air flow to cool. The BMS unit
can also be installed horizontally especially for
12 V system due to max 3 cells can be
balanced. (For 24 V system, max 7 cells can be
balanced).

Install the BMS where it safe from water

penetration. Do not install in hot areas as X2 BMS wired to fuse box (4 cells / 12 V). Start-up
engine room and keep distance to charger or will perform pre-charge at 5 W (12 V).
other equipment which create heat.

The BMS will create heat when balancing, which will take place at the end of charging if BMS detect
an imbalance.

The BMS has two temp sensors to protect from overheating. If temp (close to resistors) should reach
> 75°C, the balancing will be stopped until temp is lowered. When battery is balanced, the balancing
can perform just five minutes which is normal due to cell voltage “swinging around”, especially when
high current charging. Heat will not be an issue during normal operation. However, when battery is
unbalanced, there will be a need of balancing for a couple of hours. Read more regarding the initial
balancing after system installed.

Connection of fuse box

Ø Make sure main fuse not connected, when connecting wires to BMS.
Ø Never connect the white socket (cell connections) on the right side of BMS (board) before all
tap (cell) wires are connected.

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

The fuse box will be placed below or on the right side of the BMS. The pre-charge resistor (green) can
be placed to the left of the BMS. Mount the resistor with two screws and the holes in resistor can be
drilled bigger to fit the screws.

Pre-assembly kit
The pre-assembly kit has all the wires marked on where they are to be connected.

DIP 12 or 24 V – LED Indicator Terminal C – Connect white

socket for 12 V or 24 V
#1A - #2A

Fuse Box #3
Terminal A

#1

Tailor-made
connections

White !
socket

Terminal B

#9

#15
#10 Temp. Battery
Pre-charge #2
resistor
#5 #12 Tap wires (cells)

The pre-assembly kit as image above is for 12 V and non-latching load relay

Connect the grey cable from BMS Control to terminal A.

! White socket: Never connect before all tap (cell) wires are connected. The white socket (cell
connections) is located on the right side of the BMS (board).

#1 Power BMS from fuse box, connects to Load bus as Schematics. Please note, different connection
if Latching (12:1B) or Non-latching Relay. When Non-latching relay (standard), the battery switch will
be used to power off BMS. Kit delivered prior Nov. 2021 may have the red wire at the grey cable to
connect power: The red wire with the ferule to #1 to terminal B and connect the blade receptacle to
fuse box “Power BMS”.

#2 Connect to negative bus. It’s recommended to wait with crimping single wire to negative, i.e. crimp
several wires (from relays as well) with one yellow or blue ring terminal.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

#3 Constant power from fuse box, connects to the busbar between relays. Also connect constant
power to battery monitor at same time. Battery monitor needs constant power (if required to keep
memory of SOC).

#4 Load Com. This is connected as a pre-assembled kit.

#5 Load NO (non-latching standard relay). Connect to the load relay’s red wire.

The black wires from Load and Charge relay connects to the negative bus.
(If latching (bi-stable) relay, this (#5) output will not be connected).

#6 Only for Latching (bi-stable) Load relay Open. Connect to the relay’s orange wire - Gigavac
latching relay.

#7 Only for Latching (bi-stable) Load relay Close. Connect to the relay’s red wire - Gigavac latching
relay.
The black wire from the relay connects to the negative bus

#8 Charge Com connects to Load Bus via fuse box and Power Charge. This is connected as a pre-
assembled kit.

#9 Charge NO is output to controlling HVP and Charge Temp. #9 will be connected to other chargers
as multi / combo inverter/charger. Read more to connect Victron Multi / Quattro below. (#9 is also
connected via jumper to #11 as Com for #12).

Signal Relay
Connect one of the “small” blade-terminal (marked green) on the
signal relay to BMS #9 (or #10 as below) and the other “small”
terminal (green) to negative bus.
Connect the two “bigger” blade-terminals (marked blue) as potential
free connection to Victron Multi / Quattro.
These “bigger” terminals can be connected to AC IN (shore power,
brown phase) for Mastervolt Combi inverter/charger.

BMS output #9 will disconnect in event of High cell Voltage Protection or not allowed charging temp.

#10 Pre-disconnect 2 seconds before charge relay opens by #9 or #12.

This output will be connected to alternators with external regulator controlling the field as Alternator
Field disconnect (AFD). Read more to connect Balmar alternator and other similar.
When this output opens, the charge relay will open 2 seconds later and then #10 will close again.

#11 is Com for Charge Management and X2. #11 will be connected by jumper and adding conditions
when connected in series; HVP, Temp, Charge Management and X2. This is connected as a pre-
assembled kit.

#12 This wire will be connected to charge relay (red to relay) and black from relay to negative bus.

#13 and #14 are to temp sensor on the lithium battery.

Please note, any “old” temp sensors to battery from chargers must be disconnected.
This is connected as a pre-assembled kit.

#15 Connects to Charge bus 12 V (sensing charge voltage). Must only be connected when 12 V
lithium battery (4C – Cell Pack).

#16 Connects to Charge bus 24 V (sensing charge voltage). Must only be connected when 24 V
lithium battery (8C – Cell Pack).

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

“Tailor-made connections” will be connected to the grey cable (multiple wires):

Blue to “pre-charge resistor” and purple to “constant pwr #3”.
Green/white and Yellow/white to backup relay aux contacts.
Grey/brown to backup relay negative

Connection of tap-wires
Cell number 1 is the battery’s negative.
Cell number 4 (12 V) or cell number 8 (24 V) is the battery’s positive terminal.

Make sure the white terminal is not connected to BMS when connecting all tap wires to the fuse box.
Please note, it’s five tap wires for 12 V and nine tap wires for 24 V.

We recommend to put a tag on the wires and use mark pen on the blade receptacles.

Tap wires must be marked and connected as following:

C0 is cell nr. 1- negative (i.e. battery’s negative)
C1 is cell nr. 1+ (positive)
C2 is cell nr. 2+
C3 is cell nr. 3+
C4 is cell nr. 4+ (i.e. 12 V battery’s positive)
C5 is cell nr. 5+
…
C8 is cell nr. 8+ (i.e. 24 V battery’s positive)

OFF switch
This will be installed according to schematic 12:1B, if system has latching load relay.
Find a proper place for the OFF switch. The attached red push-button has a “cup” to protect from
accidental shutdown. Please note, if this button is pushed the system will be shut down (=blackout).

Connect push button to #6 (extra connection / blade receptacle) and to #8 (extra connection).
When OFF switch is pushed, the latching relay will get an open signal.

F.OFF switch
This switch can be a small toggle, on/off (not supplied) and connected to the power wire #1.
When Forced OFF (F.OFF) is off, BMS will not be powered when backup switch connects power to
load bus.

This switch is needed when “Long term shore power” and the lithium battery wants to be switched off.
It’s the same as Power BMS fuse (fuse box) is disconnected.
Read more in User Manual, page 10.

Pre-charge resistor
When initially connecting a battery to a capacitive input, there is an inrush of current as the input
capacitance is charged up to the battery voltage. With large batteries and especially lithium with low
resistance and powerful loads with coil (large capacitors), the inrush current can peak 1000 A during
few milliseconds. A pre-charge resistor limits that inrush current to just 2.5 A during 5 seconds. (1000
amps during 10 milli sec is same energy transferred by 2.5 amps during 5 seconds).
Read more about “Inbuilt Pre-charge for charge and load relay”: https://batterybalance.com/x2-bms-
12-24/

If BMS is off and load relay is open, the pre-charge resistor will work in following order:

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

When start button (BMS Control) is pressed, then current (2.5 A) will flow from battery (#3) via fuse
box (Const. pwr) to pre-charge resistor and to blue wire (to BMS Control) via start button and back to
(#8) connected to load bus.
Simply, the current flows from battery to load bus i.e. is bridged over the load relay.

From load relay, the current flow to capacitive loads as inverter and winches (coils). When capacitive
loads are pre-charged, the voltage will increase during 5 seconds to same as the battery. When it’s
same level of voltage on both side of the relay, there will be no arc when relay is closing.

Please note, if there are any parasitic consumptions in parallel with capacitive loads (inverter..), then
such consumption will take current away from the pre-charge current, which will preventing sufficient
voltage rise and causing pre-charge failure. If a such case, the BMS will close load relay without
efficient pre-charge which will cause an arc inside the relay.
Pre-charge resistor, 5 W for 12 V and 10 W for 24 V, both of them makes a current of about 2.5 A.
This current is efficient for heavy capacitive loads of 10 kW. If higher pre-charge current is required,
please contact us for advice of other resistors.
If desired, external pre-charge device can be connected to both latching and non-latching relay. The
latching relay has a prolonged close (#7) signal adopted for pre-charge. However, please note an
external pre-charge device has much lower operating current and not efficient for 12 V and heavy
capacitive loads in yachts.

For Latching load relay (bi-stable):

The best way to avoid pre-charge failure due to parasitic consumptions is to have the main switch in
off position during start up until load relay has closed. After BMS has started and load relay has
closed, then turn on main switch. All capacitive loads as inverter must be off when starting up the
system.
For Non-latching load relay:
The best way to avoid pre-charge failure due to parasitic consumptions is to have all consumption, as
well as all capacitive loads switched off during start up.

Connection of the green pre-charge resistor

This is connected as a pre-assembled kit.

Connect from fuse box “Power charge” (#3) to the pre-charge resistor (to one of the white wires – no
direction). If pre-assembled kit there is blade receptacle to connect.
Connect the other white wire (resistor) to the blue wire (BMS Control cable).
Connect the purple wire (BMS Control cable) to Charge Power on fuse box. If pre-assembled kit there
is blade receptacle to connect, otherwise connect to #8 on the Terminal B. Note “charge power” is
same as Load bus, however other fuse (5 A).
The screw-holes in pre-charge resistor might require to be drilled to fit screws (only two screws are
needed).

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Connection of Victron Multi / Quattro

Multi / Quattro 12 V and 24 V should be connected according to schematic 12:1BUP (includes charge
control). Excluding charge control for 12 V as 12:1X and for 24 V as 24:1X.
Download pdf guidance from Victron:
https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Manual-Connecting-other-lithium-battery-systems-
to-Multis-and-Quattros-EN.pdf
Behind the front panel on the Multi / Quattro is a socket.
This socket might be three poles with Com in the middle.

Connect Signal Relay’s two “bigger” blade-terminals to

“Aux 1/0” and to Com (page 11).

Note, Multi / Quattro require to be set at “Lithium

assistant” and with latest firmware. Link above and
recommended settings in VE Configure3 as below.

Bulk 14.2 / 28.4 V and Float 13.5 / 27.0 V. Commission of

If choice of the
1st BMS option when Multi require PC / VEconfigure3 and Victron interface
commissioning VEConfig, there must MK3 to USB;
be a jumper connected (short wire), https://www.victronenergy.com/accessories/interface-mk3-usb
between “Temp sense” and “Com” to
always allow Inverter.

The Multi / Quattro needs to be of a recent type with two auxiliary inputs (RJ sockets). If older type
with only one aux input, this Multi must be connected as Mastervolt below. When commissioning, only
one of the two RJ socket must be connected to the Victron interface MK3 to USB.

VEConfigure tools can be downloaded in the link below.

https://www.victronenergy.com/support-and-downloads/software

Unfortunately, Victron Energy lacks compatibility to use Mac for the VEConfigure utility:
https://community.victronenergy.com/questions/3404/how-do-i-use-ve-configure-with-a-mac.html

Recommended settings for Victron Multi / Quattro, when X2 BMS is connected

Charger settings
Enable Charger
Battery type LiFePO4
Lithium batteries
Fixed charge curve
Lithium batteries
Absorp: 14.2 V / 28.4 V (Abs = Bulk)
Float*: 13.5 V / 27.0 V
Current: Limitation for LFP is < 0.5C. To charge
over night 0.1C (10% of capacity) works fine.
Absorp time and repeated: 0.25 Hr
Absorp interval: >9 Days

*) Float can be disconnected by connecting BMV712 to X2 BMS #9

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Assistants
Add assistant
Two signal BMS support

ð Load assistant

BMS Options
2nd option, the high cell conditions

Optional setting is to tick the 1st box

1st option, high and low cell conditions
If choice of the 1st option, there must be a
jumper connected (short wire) on the green
terminal, between “Temp sense” and “Com” to
always allow Inverter (discharge).
X2 BMS will protect low cell by open the
load relay, which is the safest way to
protect battery in event of LVP or storage.

Action
Disable charger
Do not adapd SOC
ð When all settings done: “Send
settings” and restart the Multi / Quattro

Multi and Quattro are equipped with an aux output to charge 2nd battery. Connect this aux charge
output to the starter / aux battery or to chargebus. Starter/aux must be same voltage (12 or 24 V) as
lithium. Please note, when BMS is OFF or #9 from BMS has disconnected Multi / Quattro, the aux
ouput will not charge the 2nd battery. To walk around limitation of the aux output, it is recommended
to use a toggle and feed the signal relay with power to get Multi / Quattro to charge on the aux output
when BMS is off.

Charge control can be to disconnect when battery is full (voltage and SOC) and reconnect when SOC
is at desired status (for example 95%). These settings can be changed in Victron BMV or GX-device.
When charge control #9 must be connected according to 12:1BUP (valid for 24 V as well).

! Test the installation by connect / disconnect wire #9 from BMS or by disconnect the “Aux 1/0” and
Com. Charging must not be allowed when these contacts are disconnected. When no signal (voltage)
from BMS #9 charging must be stopped.

The temperature sensor to the charger must not be connected.

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Connection of Mastervolt Combi charger / Inverter or other brands

Mastervolt Combi 12 V and 24 V should be connected according to schematics 12:1X or 24:1X and
as the Victron Multi on the load bus.

When the unit cannot be controlled by remote directly, the connection must be as follow:
The signal relay will control the AC input (230 /110 V) and switch off charging by “unplug” the shore
power. X2 BMS will in event of High Voltage Protection or not allowed charge temperature disconnect
AC power and charging will be stopped.

We recommend to place the signal relay close to the combi inverter/charger. The signal relay’s
terminals (relay contacts = “bigger” blade terminals, page 11) must be connected to AC IN (shore
power, “brown phase line”) and to the Mastervolt AC input “phase”. The blue “Neutral” and the
green/yellow “Ground” connects directly to the Combi charger/inverter.

! Test the installation by connect / disconnect wire #9 from BMS. Charging must not be allowed when
#9 is disconnected. When no power from #9 charging must be stopped.

Please note the difference between connection of Victron and Mastervolt, when charging is not
allowed (due to HVP or temp), there will be no shore power onboard. In practise this may be an issue
when low temperature of < 2° C (< 35° F) when X2 BMS will not allow charging and at the same time
disconnect AC from shore power. However, to walk around, make sure the battery will be warmed up
(or at least the temp probe).

The temperature sensor from the charger must not be connected.

Settings of Victron IP22 charger

It is possible to customise all settings in the expert mode.

Despite the charger is new, the latest firmware may not be installed.
Old version of firmware must be updated to use expert mode settings as required.
All IP22 chargers can be updated with latest firmware.

Create a VRM account

https://vrm.victronenergy.com/register

Open VictronConnect app in the phone / ipad (can also be done in computer)
Should be the latest version v5.58 (March-2022) or newer ..

Open the App

Select Settings (before selecting device)
VRM Account: Sign In (enter selected password for VRM)

Select device
Download latest Firmware v3.21 (March-2022) or newer.

Select Advanced settings and select Expert Mode

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Settings for 12 V system (24 V is 2x)

We recommend to adjust float to what is best for the lead battery.

For most wet lead-acid batteries, 13.8 V is recommended as float and for AGM / Gel batteries,
the recommendation may be 13.6 V.

We have in this example, Float set to 13.7 V (may be 13.6 – 13.8 V).
And Storage to the same, 13.7 V (however, we recommend to set 13.5 V as storage).
Please note, Float and Storage must be set at higher voltage than the lithium battery. Charging
will not start when the BMS reconnects charging, if these voltages are set too low
Furthermore, the BMS must sens 13.35 V on the charge bus to trigger the charge relay to close.

When lithium battery is full, X2 BMS will disconnect and then the lead battery will be charged
according to absorption time and float voltage settings. After a while float charging of the lead
battery will turn to storage as well.

When X2 BMS will reconnect charging of lithium, the voltage gap between the lithium battery and
the charger will be ≥ 0.2 V which will create a charge current. This charge current will not be
efficient if the charger will stay in float mode when the battery voltage will increase. However, the
charger will sensing this current as the ”Re-bulk current” which will trigger charger to change to
bulk voltage.

We recommend to set Re-bulk current to a bit lower than the charger capacity.
We have in this example set Re-bulk current to 10 A, but may be set further lower.
If several IP22 chargers in parallel, Re-bulk current may be set to 5 A to ensure all chargers will
be triggered.

Float and Storage should not be set lower than 13.5 V (or maybe 13.4 V), due to ”Re-bulk
current” must be triggered when charge relay will be closed.

When charge relay is open due to lithium battery is fully charged and BMS after a while will close
charge relay to recharge the lithium battery, the charger voltage must be higher than the battery
voltage. If this is not the case, for example the charger is set at 13.2 V storage and lithium
battery is at 13.3V, and the charge relay will be closed, the charger will not start charging and
there will be no current to trigger charger to change from storage to bulk.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Charging during winter storage or when long term shore power mode
When the lithium battery is disconnected i.e. the BMS is off, then the charger will operate as the
lead battery is connected only.

The charge profile will be Bulk until lead battery is close to full (80 – 90%) and then absorption
(same as bulk voltage) for a few hours and then float and storage mode.

When a lead battery is not deeply discharged, the bulk voltage of 14.2 V is efficient to recharge
the battery. If the lead battery is deeply discharged, the bulk voltage of 14.2 V will work as well,
however the charge time will be extended versus charging at 14.4 V (or higher voltage).

Bulk voltage
14.2 V is recommended for lithium.
14.4 V* is recommended for most lead batteries including AGM and Gel
14.6 V* or even 14.8 V* when low temperature, can be used for some lead batteries to increase
charge current.

*) If a lead battery has temperature above 25°C, the voltage should be lowered. Lead-battery
chargers may have temperature sensing which will lower charge voltage when >25°C.

Please note,
lower voltage than recommended will never damage the battery, only increase time for charging.
However, if a lead battery will not be fully charged it might be damaged due to sulfation will occur
if the battery will not have enough time to be fully charged. A starter battery or Aux battery will
not be deep discharged as the lead house battery, why the fully charge issue will not be a
problem in the X2-system.

Lithium can be charged to full at 13.7 V. However, to perform balancing, charge management by
X2 BMS as well as auto synch of the battery monitor; will require bulk voltage > 14.0 V (≥14.05).
To get efficient charging in all conditions, 14.2 V is recommended as bulk for lithium.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Connection of Alternator, such as standard for Volvo Penta and Yanmar

The original Alternator should be connected according to schematics.
However, if desired to limit the current from the alternator to 30 A, it’s possible to install a DC/DC.

Volvo Penta and Yanmar with original alternators, as well as Balmar and Mastervolt Alpha-Pro, will all
work very well to charge lithium battery. These marine alternators are designed to withstand normal
operating temperatures of around 80° C and marine alternators can withstand higher temperatures.
Comparison can be made with Balmar with external regulator and temperature probe, where the
default setting is 100° C as temperature protection.

Volvo Penta alternator @115 A will charge about 80 - 85 A when the engine is at 2000 rpm. When the
alternator is cold and the status of the battery is low, it can deliver up to 100 A for a short time, but is
then quickly regulated to 80 - 85 A when it gets hot / warm. If the engine is reduced to 1000 rpm, the
charging current will be halved and at idle much lower.
The fact is that the charging current is significantly lower at low revs for marine alternators. Of this
reason there will not be overheating at low rpm.

However, Victron’s ”test” on YouTube showing that current is "similar" (-18%) when charging at high vs
low revs, but for a poor car alternator. All boat owners themselves can easily test the marine
alternator’s current at different rpm and will then understand that the Victron test is fake due to a poor
car alternator. Please note, car alternators are not made for charging house batteries.

Pre-disconnect (AFD) of Balmar, Mastervolt Alpha or other with external regulator

Alternator with external regulator should be connected according to schematics 12:1X or 24:1X.
When connecting #10, there might be required to have potential free connection, which can be
created by a signal relay as below. Read page 11 in the link: https://balmar.net/wp-
content/uploads/2018/03/PDS-MC-614.pdf

Balmar states: ”THE ALTERNATOR MUST BE SHUT DOWN BEFORE DISCONNECTING THE BATTERY (=
pre-disconnect). THE ONLY SAFE WAY TO SHUT DOWN THE ALTERNATOR IS TO TURN OFF THE
REGULATOR. The preferred method of turning off the regulator is disconnecting the regulator’s ignition (brown) wire”.

X2 BMS will pre-disconnect #10 (2 sec.) when charge relay will open in all conditions, such as high
charge temperature (> 45° C), low charge temperature (<2° C), high cell voltage (>3.75 V), charge
regulation when battery is full and X2-condition when lithium will be isolated from lead battery.
! Test the installation by disconnect wire #10 from BMS when the alternator is charging.

The temperature sensor to battery must not be connected. The temp-probe to alternator can be set
to 95° - 100°C (default is 100°C). Bulk 14.2 / 28.4 V and float 13.6 / 27.2 V.

Connect the two “bigger” blade-terminals (blue) as potential

free connection i.e. cut the brown wire for a Balmar
alternator or simpler; connect brown wire to the “big” blade-
terminal (blue) and a wire from the other (blue) blade-
terminal to Balmar regulator where brown wire connects.
#10 connects to the “smaller” blade terminals (green) and
the other “small” to negative.

Connection of lead battery as Starter / Auxiliary

The lead-acid battery will mainly serve to start the engine (12 V) or as an auxiliary (for 24 V). It also
has other important tasks in the X2 system such as:
• Pre-charge to avoid damage to the charge relay

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

• Protect from load dump

• Supply controllers with input power to manage wind and hydro turbines to not damage when
spinning and BMS disconnect lithium.
• Allow chargers to show voltage when they are ON and thereby allow X2 BMS sensing to regulate
charging.
• Makes it possible to use as a backup together with all chargers.

Since the lead battery in the X2 system is not normally cycled, the charging voltage given in parallel
with lithium will be optimal (float voltage for lead). When the X2 BMS switches off charging to lithium,
the lead-acid battery will then be charged normally with the steps on which the charger is set.

The sensor cable to the alternator must be connected to the lead-

! acid battery. This sensor must NOT be connected to lithium, as the
lead acid battery will then be charged with too high voltage when the
charge relay disconnects.
The sensor wire on the alternator is normally a blade terminal and
2.5 mm2 wire and must be connected to the lead battery’s positive
terminal. This ”Sens cable” is marked on the image.

When connecting two 12 V batteries in series to 24 V, make sure

! that they are balanced before connecting in series. Balancing them by charging 14.4 V in parallel to
they are fully charged.

When buying new lead battery, we recommend to measure voltage before buy, to make sure that the
lead battery is in good condition and not have been stored self-discharged.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Connection of solar controller (MPPT)

MPPTs should be connected according to schematic 12:1.

If the BMS opens the charge relay when the MPPT is charging at high current, the starter / auxiliary
battery will protect against a load dump (interruption of high current can otherwise create voltage
spikes). However, this is a rare event when cells are in balance, which then only occurs if the battery
temperature changes to > 45° or < 2° C during charging.
At the same time in such an event the alert LED / buzzer will alert as a warning 2° C before the
temperature range is exceeded.

As optional, X2 BMS can operate a pre-disconnect (output #10 on the BMS) according to schematics
12:1X, 12:1BUP and 24:1X. Most of Victron MPPTs require an interface (VE Dir) and only the TR-
models manage remote without interface.

Victron BMV712* as charge regulation

The battery monitor, Victron BMV712*, can be connected in series with X2 BMS output #9 –
according to schematic 12:1BUP. In any event of protection needed, the X2 BMS will disconnect the
charger (remote by #9) and when battery is fully charged BMV712 will disconnect charger (remote by
#9). The BMV712 can easily be programmed at which state of charge (for example at 95% SOC) the
charger will be reconnected. Please contact us and we will provide how to program the BMV712 for
operation as charge regulation. *) Victron BMV 700/702, GXCC, Cerbo GX and other GX devices
works as well.

Commissioning of BMV712 recommended by Battery Balance

Setting No 64: ON = Locked Setup
LiFePO4 12 V - if 24 V double (2x) all voltage settings.
No Settings
01 XXX Ah, true capacity (Adjust in comparison to BMS Control)
For GBS and Winston set 125% of nominal Ah
02 13.9 V (2x for 24 V) > charge voltage when sync to 100% can occur
05 1.03 Peukert koeff (1.05 if average discharge is very high)
06 99 CEF (Charge Efficiency Factor = Efficiency)
07 0.05 Current threshold, < 0.05 A = 0
11 CHRG Must be CHRG to allow CR3 (Charge Regulation)
33 10 SOC alarm < 10%
34 11 Clear SOC alarm > 11%
39 12.3 V (2x for 24 V) Low Starter Voltage Alarm (V)
40 12.7 V. (2x for 24 V) Clear Starter Low Voltage Alarm (V)
41 14.5 V. (2x for 24 V) High Starter Voltage Alarm (V)
42 14.4 V. (2x for 24 V) Clear Starter Voltage Alarm (V)
54 OFF Display options (individual selection), BMV manual
55 OFF Display options (individual selection), BMV manual
57 OFF Display options (individual selection), BMV manual
70 .. OFF OFF: not reset to 100% when power off. New, latest firmware.

CR3 Charge regulation 12 V Please note Copyright on page 1

No Settings
11 CHRG
15 20 Minutes delay after triggered by # 17 and # 19
16 95 (94 - 97) SOC < 95% allow charging (# 15 & 17 & 19)
17 98 SOC ≥ 98% trigger to CR3
18 .. 13.0 V (2x for 24 V) Allow charging (if not # 16 already has allowed)
19 14.0 V (14.0 – 14.2) (2x for 24 V) ≥ 14.0 V trigger to CR3

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

If Multi charging is wanted to be switched off at SOC 93% (free choice) and reconnected at SOC 90%
(free choice), the following settings must be done:
11 CHRG
15 0
16 90
17 93
18 13 V (2x for 24 V)
19 13.6 V (2x for 24 V)
70 OFF
Temperature sensor (optional) connected to Victron BMV712
If the temp sensor is connected to the BMV shunt, the starter / auxiliary battery cannot be connected.
However, some battery systems already have a dedicated monitoring of voltage and/or other Victron
device (GX) may be able to connect the temp sensor.
When setting the capacity, start or temp can be selected. The setting should be "temp". The temp
sensor is connected to input 2 of the shunt (the same as is otherwise used for the starter battery)
When starting up commissioning; select TEMP
26 Not to be used when X2 BMS
27 Not to be used when X2 BMS
28 Not to be used when X2 BMS
29 Not to be used when X2 BMS
68 0.5 Temp coefficient, which will improve estimate of SOC
43 46 > 46° C Alarm*
44 45 < 45° C Clear alarm
Please note, X2 BMS will alarm (red LED and Buzzer) when high temperature >43°C only during
charging.
If event of high temperature >45° C, X2 BMS will allow discharging until 55°C.
At the same time, the green Temperature LED on BMS Control will be off when temp >45°C.
When temperature >45° C, X2 BMS will not allow charging.
*) If alert is desired that charging is not allowed due to high temp, set #43 to 46°C (115 F).

Final step of installation

When all wiring is done,
Ø connect the white terminal (cells connection) to BMS (“UP” oriented up).
Ø Mount (by screws) the fuse box. It can be easier and better adopted to wires when fastening the
fuse box after all connection is done.
Ø Connect the main fuse.
Ø Make sure all negative wires to the negative bus are connected.
Except negative to Backup relay which will be connected to toggle (on/off of backup) and is
operated at low side.
Ø Tighten all nuts and bults on relays, fuse and battery terminals.

We recommend to not put on the red BMS cover until the initial balancing has been done. This is due
to get better cooling when balancing during several hours.

The first start up

When start up the first time and if then cell error starts:
Switch off the system and check that all tap wires (5 / 9 pcs) are connected to fuse box as well as the
white socket to BMS. Then restart.

Turn ON system (non-latching load relay):

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

1. Battery Switch in ON position. All consumers must be OFF to perform pre-charge during start-up.
2. Press and hold Start button (BMS Control) for 5+ seconds until the load relay will close.

To perform pre-charging, the inverter and consumers must be turned off. Otherwise, consumers will
drain the pre-charge current from the inverter / Multi and/or other capacitive loads.

Please note, if there are parasitic consumptions in parallel with capacitive loads (inverter..), then such
consumption will take current away from the pre-charge current, which will preventing sufficient
voltage rise and causing pre-charge failure. If there is high parasitic consumption, the BMS will not
power up when voltage is below 7 V on the load side. When voltage is >7 V, BMS will power up and
close load relay (relay operates by constant pwr). However, load relay will close without efficient pre-
charge, which will cause an arc inside the relay.

If system has latching load relay (bi-stable), turn ON system in following order:
1. Battery Switch in OFF position, which means consumers will not affect pre-charge.
2. Press and hold Start button (BMS Control) for 5+ seconds until the load relay will close.
3. Turn ON Battery switch

When system is ON, BMS Control will have blue LEDs:

Load Relay ON or Battery ON
BMS ON

When any charger is turned ON, the Charge Relay will close.
If charger is turned off, then it’s a delay of about an hour until Charge Relay will open. The delay time
is related to battery voltage (< 13.35 / < 26.70), time delay and another time period when voltage
trend is measured (condition of negative trend to open).

Balancing
The X2 BMS is equipped with high performance balancing performed by Intelligent Dynamic
Algorithm (IDA). The efficient balancing is able to perform the initial balancing. Special initial
balancing with cells paralleled is not required. However, require that cells are at similar status. If cells
are from different batches, extra effort for the initial balancing procedure will be required due to larger
differences between cells.

When any cell has higher voltage than other cells, there is an unbalance. This cell will be balanced
(shunted) by a current of 0.5 A passing a resistor in the BMS. Each individual cell is connected to
BMS by tap wires which perform the balancing current.

The balancing resistors are cooled by a heatsink located under the circuit board. BMS will only create
heat when balancing, which will take place at the end of charging if BMS detect an imbalance > 10
mV. The BMS has two temp sensors to protect from overheating. If any temp sensor should reach >
75°C, the balancing will be stopped until temperature is lowered.

Balancing only starts when there is at least 10 mV delta and the cell voltage exceeds 3.48 V. If
balancing starts, then balancing will continues to a maximum of 5 mV delta, but will stop balancing
when the cell is below 3.47 V. However, if IDA is triggered balancing will continue and no matter of
Voltage nor delta.

When all new cells are in balance, the fine-tuning balancing will start if condition as above and then
perform just a few minutes at each cycle. It’s normal that cell can differ 10 mV at the end of charging
due to cell voltage “swinging around”, especially when high current charging and/or heavy loads.

After many years of service, the cells will lose some capacity. The balance will also be affected. If
fine-tuning balancing during limited time is not enough, then the IDA will be triggered and prolong

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

balancing. If such event, the BMS Control will alert by the “High Voltage” LED alert, which will
disappear when IDA has fulfilled balancing.

If any cell has delta > 50 mV and voltage above 3.6 V, then the Intelligent Dynamic Balancing (IDA)
will set a flag for that cell. When any flag is set, balancing will continue for certain time despite
charging is switched off and delta will disappear. The IDA balancing time is depended of how much
delta at max.

Settings for the initial balancing

It is recommended to set charge voltage at 14.2 / 28.4 V.
However, when performing the initial balancing and if HVP yellow LED will not flash when voltage
reach 14.2 / 28.4 V - then it’s recommended to temporary set a bit higher charge voltage 14.4 / 28.8
V, which will push delta to be larger and make it easier for X2 BMS to perform balancing.

It is recommended to charge at low / medium current when the initial balancing is performed (i.e.
max < 0.2 C which is < 20% of the battery’s capacity). Reason is to avoid HVP cut off at high current.
If significant unbalance, the charge current can still be high if just one high cell will reach HVP.
However, when cells are in a fair balance, charge current will drop off when battery voltage is above
14 / 28 V.

It is recommended to have consumption on at a few amps during the initial balancing. In event of
HVP (charge cut off) a small consumption will quickly lower the voltage which is preferred. Heavy
loads must not be used during the Initial Balancing.

Performing the Initial Balancing

After system is started; fully charge the battery and balancing will start. Note, it is only at the end of
the charging phase when the voltage rises above 13.9 / 27.8 V the balancing will kick in, if delta
expands.

When cells are new and not balanced, they have not much delta (1 – 3 mV) when voltage is about 3.3
V. However, when charged to full the delta can reach > 200 mV. How much is depended of number of
high cells. If only one high cell, the delta can be significant. If only one low cell (i.e. several high cells)
then delta will be lower despite the difference in charge status can be the same.

If there is only one or two high cells, the high cell(s) can easily be pushed to a voltage of 3.75 V,
which will trigger HVP and BMS will disconnect charging. If event of HVP (cut off), the charge relay
will stay open for one hour and also wait until voltage has come down before charging will be allowed
again. During this time balancing will be performed as well as continue after charging is allowed. We
recommend to watch current if event of Pre-alarm / High Voltage. If high charge current when pre-
alarm, it’s recommended to manually switch off charger to protect relay, otherwise let the system
switch off charging (due to good to test it’s working).

BMS Control
Ø When any cell is > 3.63 V, “High Voltage” LED will flash which is an indication of unbalanced
cells. In most cases IDA balancing has started when “High Voltage LED”.
Ø When any cell is > 3.73 V, “Pre-Alarm” LED will flash + Buzzer for 10 seconds + “High Voltage”
LED will flash. This alert is just before HVP cut off charging > 3.75 V.
Ø When cell balancing is ongoing, ”Cell Balancing” LED will be on.
Ø When all cells are balanced and charging is on (voltage >13.8 / 27.6 V), then ”Cell Balancing”
LED will flip between on and off.

Please note, cells are protected safely and 3.75 V as the max will not damage the cell due to very
limited time.

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 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

When BMS is balancing, the BMS board will be hot on the marked area and the heat sink (behind the
board) will slowly warm up. It can be felt gently with the finger on the circuit board and at end of the
heat sink.

It is recommended to watch the initial balancing and notice that system works, especially if pre-alarm
(incl buzzer) then in most cases voltage will increase further and trigger High Voltage Protection
(HVP). If charge relay open, it’s a confirmation of system works safely. When Multi or other Combi
charger, it’s important to test that charging will be switched off when BMS signal (#9) is interrupted.

The charging will be disconnected 0.5 hour after charge voltage is above 14.0 / 28.0 V (controlled by
Charge Management System). However, if any cell is low (=unbalanced), the CMS will not disconnect
charging to allow balancing to continue.

In most cases, the initial balancing requires 2 - 3 cycles * to be repeated with at least 4 hours in
between. During this time of 4 hours, IDA can perform balancing with the charger turned off.
*) A balancing cycle requires discharging with a few percent of status for a period of > 4 hours and then a new
charging cycle can be started.

If the cell pack has several high cells i.e. one or two low cells, the IDA-balancing may not be triggered
due to high cells will not be pushed above 3.60 V. In such case, when no “High voltage” LED, the
balancing will not be prolonged by X2 BMS after charger switched off and may require up to 10 cycles
to get all cells in balance. However, the battery can in such case be used and several normal cycles
will get the cell pack in balance.

X2 BMS has a new feature (from Jan 2022) on BMS Control that indicates when balancing is in
progress. When the battery voltage is > 13.9 V (> 27.8 for 24 V), the "Cell Balancing" LED will be on
when the BMS performs balancing.

When battery voltage ≥14.2 / 28.4 V and cells are at just +/- 5 mV, the battery is in perfect balance.
This will be indicated by the ”Cell Balancing” LED will flip between on and off.

If BMS do not have Cell Balancing indicator, check if cells are balanced by measure all cells.
Measurement of cell voltage must take place when battery voltage is ≥ 14.2 / ≥ 28.4 V.
It’s important to perform measurement when battery voltage at the peak.

When the initial balancing has been finished, put on the red BMS cover (and tighten the black screws
gently).

Cell Pack with heavy unbalance

If Cells are very much unbalanced and voltage difference is still very high after several charge cycles.
Such case may require manual balancing or parallel charging of all cells at 3.6 V. Please contact us
for advice to perform manual balancing or parallel charging of all cells.

Note, if balancing has been performed by shunting the cells manually: The BMS must be restarted
! after high amps shunting to reset the IDA memory.

27
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Operation
Usage and maintenance
When the system is properly installed, the X2 BMS will protect and care for the battery to maximize its
life. The user should maintain the battery according to the following guidelines:
When lithium battery is in use:
The battery can be partially charged and does not need to be fully charged. However, it is
recommended to fully charge the battery at least a few times per season until the X2 BMS
disconnects the charge relay to ensure efficient balancing. A full charge cycle will also ensure that
the battery monitor is synchronized.
When lithium battery is not in use and system off:
Store battery at state of charge 50 – 70%. Never store battery fully charged.
More info regarding Winter Storage below.
Once a year, it is recommended to check the external battery monitor's settings of battery capacity
(Ah) according to:
When Low Battery LED starts flashing during discharge, the Battery Monitor should show about 18 -
20% SOC. Another checkpoint is when LVP Pre-Alarm LED starts flashing which should represent 5 –
7% SOC at Battery Monitor. Test must be performed during low (normal use) discharge (< 0.05C)
without voltage drop. Adjust the Battery Monitors setting of capacity (Ah) if needed.
For eg Winston and GBS, it is recommended to set the battery monitor to 500 Ah for a nominal 400
Ah battery and then adjust if necessary according to the test above. Capacity varies from different cell
brands but also among different cell sizes (Ah). We have measured a range of 100 – 127% as true
capacity in relation to the nominal rated capacity (i.e. “Ah” rated from the cell manufacture).

Operation system ON and pre-charge

Turn the system ON (standard relay):
3. Battery Switch in ON position. All consumers must be OFF to perform pre-charge during start-up.
4. Press and hold the Start button on the BMS Control for 5+ seconds until the Load relay closes.
To perform pre-charging, the inverter and consumers must be turned off. Otherwise, the consumers
will drain the pre-charge current from the Inverter / Multi. If there is parasitic current by consumers,
the voltage may not increase above 7 V on the load bus, which will fail to power the BMS and the load
relay will not close. X2 BMS has an optional connection #1 on terminal A, which will always power up the BMS
during starting, despite failure of pre-charge due to parasitic consumption. However, failure of pre-charge will
damage the relay by a strong inrush current due to the voltage difference between load relay and the battery,
why we do not recommend to connect #1 on terminal A when inverter or Multi is installed.

If the system has a latching (bi-stable) relay, the easiest way to turn the system ON is as follow:

Turn the system ON (latching load relay):

1. Battery Switch in OFF position. Consumers may be on (all switches on the panel can be on).
2. Press and hold the Start button on the BMS Control for 5+ seconds until the Load relay
closes.
3. Turn the Main Battery Switch in ON position.

When pressing START button, BMS will be powered up during a limited period and Load relay will
close with a delay of 5 seconds. When pressing START button during these 5 seconds, the Inverter or
Multi (charger/inverter) and other capacitive loads at load side will be pre-charged. After five seconds,
when Load Relay closes and connects lithium battery, there will be no ark inside the relay. Please
note, the pre-charge feature require wiring with optional high power resistor according to the
Installation Guide.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Restart after event of Low Voltage Protection: If voltage is still below LVP1 when restart and no
charging, another LVP1 event will be triggered, which will keep battery ON for a new period of 30
minutes. If this process will be repeated and the remaining spare-capacity (about 5-7%) has been
used, the next protection (LVP2) will be triggered without 30 minutes delay. If voltage is below LVP2
when restart, the pre-alarm will start without delay and require charging to increase the voltage above
LVP2 (11.5 / 23.0 V). When charging after event of LVP, the charge voltage can be below LVP1
trigger value for 5 – 20 minutes, which will be alerted by the pre-alarm LED. We recommend to
charge at a speed where battery voltage will increase above 12.4 / 24.8 V within 20 minutes which will
shut-off the pre-alarm LED.

Operation system OFF with different relays

When the Master Battery Switch is turned OFF; the X2 BMS will be powered off and both Load and
Charge Relay will disconnect (= lithium battery is completely isolated).
When operating a latching (bi-stable) relay, system will be turned off by the OFF-switch (red push
button), which disconnects Load relay with a pulse signal.

Winter storage
The system should be turned off (System OFF = BMS OFF) when lithium battery’s state of charge is
approximately 50 – 70%, according to Battery Monitor.
During winter storage, lithium battery must not be charged. The system / battery can stay off for 12
months without charging due to zero standby current (power) from the central design of X2 BMS with
no balancing boards on top of the cells. The lead starter or aux battery must be recharged every
1-3 months which can be charged from any source connected to Charge Bus when system is OFF
(BMS must be OFF).
Please note, Victron Multi’s Aux output will be off when main output is off. Of this reason BMS must
be ON or the signal relay which control charging must be ON (override). Another option to charge
lead battery when system off, is to have a pure charger connected to charge bus. We recommend
Victron IP22 (15 or 30 A) one output.

Long term shore power

When using shore power for extended periods, there is possibility to avoid the float charge as well as
to avoid cycling the lithium battery. Instead of float charging / cycling lithium, the starter or aux battery
can be float charged by both shore power and solar, which also supply the DC power to the Load bus.
To use this option, the X2-system must have a backup switch (0-1 Switch or Combine switch), which
connects starter or aux battery to Load Bus (consumers). The system must also have “F. OFF” switch
(small toggle). When this switch is Forced OFF, the X2 BMS will be turned off and the lithium battery
remains isolated and then the system can only use shore power, as well as solar and wind. The
starter or auxiliary battery handles peaks that exceed the charger's capacity.
The benefit of using the backup switch and disconnect lithium is that lithium battery can be stored at
50 - 70% SOC when long term shore power. Please note limitation of max power consumption and
only use short peaks above chargers’ power supply (otherwise the start or aux battery will be
drained).
The backup switch can be connected to the BMS Control, which will alert a LED flash when backup is
connected (when BMS is ON). If using a relay (contactor) with aux outputs as backup switch, the
Backup LED alert will always be true.

Operation of Charge relay and pre-charge

The relay is connected when blue LED “Charge Relay” is ON (BMS Control). The Charge Relay will
connect when charger is ON and then disconnect with a time delay when charger is OFF. When

29
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

battery is fully charged, the charge relay disconnects and will continue to be disconnected even
though charger is switched OFF/ON. If this feature is not desired, there is another option of
connection (output from BMS).

The X2-design enables starter or aux battery to always be connected to the Charge bus and all
capacitive chargers (with coil) will be pre-charged at all time. This gives a great advantage with the X2
design in that the charging relay is never affected by any pre-charging effect when it is closed,
regardless of the size of the charger (also applies to alternator). This means that no pre-charge
device is needed for the X2 system.

Charger settings
X2 BMS control all type of chargers by turning off when lithium battery is fully charged. This feature
will work properly when the charger is set to 14.2 – 14.4 V (28.4 – 28.8 V) as BULK (or
ABSORPTION), which is acording to lithium-profile or AGM-profile. When CMS by X2 BMS operates,
the only difference between lithium and AGM charge-profile is the charge voltage during the last 20
minutes of charging until CMS shuts off charging.

If the charger does not have a lithium profile, we recommend the AGM (lead) setting. The charger's
FLOAT settings will not affect the charging of lithium as the X2 BMS turns off the chargers. However,
if Victron Multi or other combo’s are connected to the Load bus, they will FLOAT charge the lithium
battery (if not BMV712 connected) and must be set to the correct FLOAT voltage: 13.5 / 27.0 V (ie
Victron lithium profile). These chargers must also be remotely controlled by X2 BMS.

Dimension of charging capacity and alternator charging

When dimensioning the capacity (Ah) of the Cell-Pack, take charge current in to account. It is not
recommended to charge lithium too fast. Ensure the chargers’ currents do not exceed half of the
battery’s capacity (< 0.5C). For example, a battery with nominal capacity of 400 Ah should be charged
with a current below ≤ 200 A. Please note, charging at < 0.5C is recommended for LiFePO4 in general
to get maximum service life, however charging at higher charge rate can take place but will shorten
the number of cycles.

Since one of the major benefits of lithium is fast charging, ensure not to limit charge current from the
alternator. The X2 BMS is safe to use with alternator/s according to schematics. We recommend
marine alternators such as Volvo Penta, Yanmar, Balmar and Mastervolt Alpha. Make sure the engine
compartment has a proper ventilation (intake and outlet).

Please note, we have sold and installed hundreds of marine lithium batteries since 2017 without
limiting alternator charging. We have not received any feedback of alternator failure and none of our
tests in warm climate have showing any temperature issues. More information can be found in the
Appendix.

Charging at low or high temperatures

Read more in the User Manual

Discharging at high current

Read more in the User Manual

30
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

BMS Control – condition / action overview

STATUS of BATTERY ON, CHARGE RELAY, STORAGE, TEMPERATURE, BMS ON

Action BMS Control Action Remote / Relay
Name Condition
LED - solid Buzzer LOAD CHARGE
Battery ON Load Relay ON Battery ON ON
Charge Relay Charge Relay ON Charge Relay Temperature ON ON
Storage All cells 3.295 - 3.305 V and temp OK during 10 min. * Storage Temperature ON
Temperature Battery temperature +2° - +45° C Temperature ON
BMS ON Power to BMS BMS ON ON

*) Storage LED must be used as a double-check indicator of correct storage level for the lithium cells. Use Storage LED indicator together with the Battery Monitor
which calculating SOC. Recommended cell storage level is at about 50 - 70% SOC. However, SOC is calculated for battery and not individual cells and can be incorrect.
Cell voltage measured in a fair temperature is correct as long as neither charging nor discharging has affected the voltage for the last half hour or so.

LOW CELL VOLTAGE

Action BMS Control Action Remote / Relay
Name Condition Duration time
Battery ON LED - Flashing Buzzer LOAD pulse LOAD
Low Battery Alert Any cell < 3.17 V during 10 min.* 10 hours* Low Voltage
Low Voltage - Warning 1 Any cell < 3.10 V during 3 min.** 27 minutes** Low Voltage Pre-Alarm
Low Voltage - Warning 2 Any cell < 3.10 V during 28 min. 2 minutes OFF Low Voltage Pre-Alarm 2 min.
Low Voltage Protection 1 Any cell < 3.10 V during 30 min. OFF OFF
Low Voltage - Warning 3 Any cell < 2.85 V dur. 10 sec.*** 50/60 seconds*** OFF Low Voltage Pre-Alarm 50 sec.
Low Voltage Protection 2 Any cell < 2.85 V during 1 min. OFF OFF
Low Voltage Cell Error Any cell < 2.60 V dur. 10 sec.**** Cell Error 10 sec.
*) The duration depends on the discharge rate; 10 hours until Pre-Alarm, refers to e.g. 5 amps discharge @ 400 Ah battery. Ten-minute trip delay filters out occasional voltage drops.
**) 3 minutes trip delay filters out occasional voltage drops.
***) 10 seconds trip delay filters out occasional voltage drops.
****) 10 seconds trip delay. Note, if Cell Error will be triggered, it is most probably a false reading due to fuse or poor wire and for this reason no action of relay/remote will cause blackout.
Event of Cell Error require troubleshooting.

HIGH CELL VOLTAGE

Action BMS Control - LED / Buzzer Action Remote / Relay
Name Condition
Charge Relay LED - Flashing Buzzer AFD (pre) CHARGE
Unbalanced cells Alert (HV) Any cell > 3.63 V High Voltage
High Voltage Pre-Warning Any cell > 3.73 V High Voltage Pre Alarm 10 sec.
High Voltage Protect (HVP) Any cell > 3.75 V OFF High Voltage Pre Alarm OFF 2 sec OFF
High Voltage Cell Error Any cell > 4.00 V Cell Error * 10 sec.
*) 10 seconds trip delay filters out occasional voltage drops. Note, if Cell Error will be triggered, it's most probably false reading due to fuse or poor wire and
of this reason will not trigger relay/remote action nor balancing. Event of Cell Error require troubleshooting.

BATTERY TEMPERATURE - CHARGING

Action BMS Control - LED / Buzzer Action Remote / Relay
Name Condition
Charge Relay Temp. LED LED - Flashing Buzzer AFD (pre) CHARGE
Over Temperature Alert > 43° C and Charging OFF Temp Warning Pre Alarm 10 sec.
Over Temp. (no charging) > 43° C
Over Temperature Protection > 45° C OFF OFF OFF 2 sec OFF
Under Temperature Alert < 4° C and Charging OFF Temp Warning Pre Alarm 10 sec.
Under Temp. (no charging) < 4° C
Under Temperature Protection < 2° C OFF OFF OFF 2 sec OFF

BATTERY TEMPERATURE - DISCHARGING

Action BMS Control - LED / Buzzer Action Remote / Relay
Name Condition
Battery ON Charge Relay Temp. LED LED - Flashing Buzzer LOAD CHARGE
Over Temperature Alert > 45° C OFF OFF
Over Temperature Alert > 55° C OFF* OFF OFF Temp Warning Pre Alarm 2 min.
Over Temperature Protection > 55° C OFF* OFF OFF OFF - After Pre-Alarm
Under Temperature Alert < 2° C OFF OFF
Under Temperature Protection For example -20° C OFF OFF See note**
*) 10 seconds delayed
**) Lithium battery will not be damaged during discharge in freezing degrees and of this reson system has no protection which will cut-off (create blackout)
However, the user must take into account that the battery capacity will be temporarily reduced at freezing temperatures.

31
 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

System schematics
12 V system with common chargers in a yacht (Schematic 12:1)
When equipped with Gigavac (500+ A) contactors, X2 BMS will manage bow thruster as well
as high power inverters. The Gigavac contactors can handle peak current of 1000 A during
max 70 seconds. X2 BMS manages extra contactors (load relays) in parallel for continuous
high current installations (> 400 A).

Wind generator and hydro generator works safely in the X2-system since wind/hydro
controllers always are powered by starter / aux. When turbine is spinning, wind/hydro
controllers must be powered ON (at output connected to a battery), otherwise the controller
will break when the turbine is spinning. Of this reason, isolator must never be used together
with Wind / Hydro generator. When X2 BMS is off during winter storage, wind and solar can
float charge starter as well as 3rd bow battery (lead).

Schematics 12:1
Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic below

X2 BMS
Can be any Solar Panel Solar Panel
external
Solar Panel Solar Panel
B.M. unit
Battery BMS Wind
Shunt cable Monitor Control
Tap Wires - Battery
◦
F. ◦OFF
#1
#10
LOAD BUS 2 Master Controller

○○
Distrib. Fuses Battery #P #5 #3 #12 #15
230 V Chargers
Switch
Starter Battery

Negative s
○! ○!
LOAD BUS 1 CHARGE BUS
◦
◦
◦
◦

○ ○ 230 V
LOAD CHARGE
NEGATIVE BUS
(Starter) - Use as Backup

RELAY RELAY
Connect to Charge Bus

SHUNT

⌾
FUSE

FUSE

Volvo Penta /
⌾ Yanmar Alternator

Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉
- BMS + + - - + + - -
◉
Battery Monitor

Bow Thruster, C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1
Anchor Windlass,
- - + + - - + + - +◉
◉
Inverter and Other Lead
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣
Loads
13.2 V Li Cell Pack (8C) 12 V Starter Negative

32
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

12 V system with two Start Batteries and a Bow Battery (Schematic 12:2)

Twin engines as in some Motor Yachts or in Catamarans can be equipped with extra starter
for the 2nd engine. A second starter can be connected to Charge Bus as well. Starters don’t
need to be isolated from each other and it is not recommended to use isolator in between.
However, an AVR (lead combiner) can be installed to isolate 2nd starter or Bow battery, if
desired.

Third battery (bank) installed near the bow thruster can be connected to the Charge Bus. In
such a connection, the Charge Relay will connect when engine is running which also allow
alternator but not at least lithium battery to power thruster in parallel to bow battery. In event
of Low Voltage Protection, X2 BMS will disconnect charge relay as well and safely protect
lithium battery in such installation.

Schematic 12:2
Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic below

X2 BMS
Can be any Solar Panel Solar Panel
external
Solar Panel Solar Panel
B.M. unit
Battery BMS
Wind
Shunt cable Monitor Control
Tap Wires - Battery
◦
F. ◦OFF
#1
#10
Controller
LOAD BUS 2 Master

○○
Distrib. Fuses Battery #P #5 #3 #12 #15
230 V Chargers
Switch
Starter Battery

Negative s
○! ○!
LOAD BUS 1 CHARGE BUS
(Starter) - Use as Backup

◦
◦
◦
◦

○ ○
Connect to Charge Bus

230 V
LOAD CHARGE
RELAY RELAY
NEGATIVE BUS

Anchor Wind- Alternator 1

lass, Inverter
⌾
SHUNT
FUSE

FUSE

and Other Loads

⌾
FUSE
Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉ Starter
◉ Motor 1
- BMS + + - - + + - -
Battery Monitor

◉ - +◉
C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1 ◉ +◉- Alternator 2
Thruster - - + + - - + + Lead
Lead
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ 12 V Starter 1 (AVR)
12 V Bow Battery 13.2 V Li Cell Pack (8C) Starter

Negative
◉ +◉- Motor 2
Lead
Negative
12 V Starter 2

33
 X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

12 V system equipped with latching (bi-stable) load relay (Schematic 12:1B)

The schematic below is same as 12:1 except the latching load relay.

This is the most efficient system with latching (bi-stable) load relay, because latching relay
(500+ A contactor) will not drain hold-power in any position. A latching relay operates by a
short single pulse when the latch closes and another pulse when the latch opens. The latch
will stay in position without hold-power.

In comparison, Gigavac non-latching load relay (500+ A contactor) will consume

continuously when battery is ON: 0.18 A @12 V and 0.09 A @24 V measured by battery
monitor. (According to data sheet it’s; 0.13 A @12 V and 0.07 A @24 V).

The non-latching charge relay in the X2-system has zero current to coil when open i.e. no
power consumption during discharge and does not need to be a latching (bi-stable) relay.

When operating a latching (bi-stable) relay, the system will be turned off by the OFF-switch
(push button), which disconnect Load relay by an open signal.

Schematic 12:1B
Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic below

X2 BMS
Can be any Solar Panel Solar Panel
external
Solar Panel Solar Panel
B.M. unit Wind
Battery BMS
Shunt cable Monitor Control
Tap Wires - Battery
F. OFF
#1
OFF #2 Negative
#10
LOAD BUS 2 Controller
Battery

○○
Distrib. Fuses #6 #7 #3 #12 #15 230 V Chargers
Switch
Close
Starter Battery

Orange
Negative s
○! ○!
LOAD BUS 1 ○ ○ CHARGE BUS
◦
◦
◦
◦

Bi-stable
230 V
NEGATIVE BUS

LOAD CHARGE
Use
Connect to Charge Bus

RELAY RELAY
SHUNT

⌾
FUSE

FUSE

Volvo Penta /
⌾ Yanmar Alternator
as Backup
(Starter) -

Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉
- BMS + + - - + + - -
◉
Battery Monitor

Bow Thruster, Anchor C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1

Windlass, Inverter
- - + + - - + +
◉ -
+ ◉
and Other capacitive
loads
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ Lead
13.2 V Li Cell Pack (8C) 12 V Starter Negative

34
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

12 V system (500+ A), all types of chargers incl. Victron Multi (Schematic 12:1X)
X2 BMS is developed for yacht installations and for managing all types of equipment. The schematics
below, displays the direct control of; Victron Multi (output #9), Balmar alternator, hydro and wind
generator and different solar controllers (output #10). And Charge Relay is controlled by output #12.
This system can be equipped with latching relay (Bi-Stable) as the Schematic 12:1B. Note, remote
controlling may require interface / small relay depending on type of device.
If charger / controller has remote control by wire, the X2 BMS can operate via the pre-signal. When
output #10 has disconnected charger / controller 2 seconds before Charge Relay opens, then output
#10 will reconnect chargers to continuous float charge starter / aux (lead) as well as 3rd bow battery
(lead). Note, manufactures of chargers as Hydro, Wind and some Alternators as well as Solar
controllers require, or are recommended to operate by pre-disconnect remote such as #10.
Connection of Victron Multi / Quattro and other combo inverter/charger
A combo inverter/charger as Victron Multi or Quattro can be connected to the Load bus. Protection from
undervoltage will be managed by the Load relay (and optional remotely connected by #5 to Multi /Quattro).
Protection from overvoltage and not allowed charge temperature will be managed by remote connection of output
#9. The Multi / Quattro will operate in the same manner with a 3-step charging as in an original installation with a
Victron lithium battery.

The Charge Management System by X2 BMS will not control a Multi since it is not connected to the Charge bus.
If it is desired to regulate a Multi inverter/charger in similar way as the X2 BMS Charge Management System,
then connection of battery monitor as BMV712 is required. More info on page 17.

Connection to Load bus of Multi device will work with the X2 BMS in event of LVP/HVP, including charging when
LVP, thanks to the unique Low Voltage Protection at two levels. Mastervolt and other brands of combo
inverter/charger may be implemented to the system.

Schematic 12:1X
Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic

X2 BMS
Solar Panel Solar Panel Solar Panel Hydro
Can be any
external
Solar Panel Solar Panel Solar Panel
B.M. unit
#10
Battery BMS
Shunt cable Monitor Control
Tap Wires - Battery
◦ Negative
F. ◦OFF
#1 VE.Dir interface #10
#10
Wind

LOAD BUS 2 Master

○○
Distrib. Fuses Battery #9 #P #5 #3 #12 #15 Controller
Switch 230 V Chargers
Starter Battery

Negative s
○! ○!
LOAD BUS 1 CHARGE BUS
◦
◦
◦
◦

#9
○ ○
LOAD CHARGE
230V
NEGATIVE BUS

RELAY RELAY
(Starter) - Use as Backup
Connect to Charge Bus

SHUNT

⌾ #10 Volvo Penta /

FUSE

FUSE

Yanmar Alt.
Relay ⌾

Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉
Negative - BMS + + - - + + - -
◉ Balmar Alt.
C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1
Battery Monitor

Victron Multi / Bow Thruster, AFD

Quattro - Anchor Windlass,
- - + + - - + +
◉ +◉- Negative
Relay
Controlled by BMS Inverter and Other
(incl. charge) ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ Lead
Loads
Brown

13.2 V Li Cell Pack (8C) 12 V Starter Regulator Negative

35
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Schematic 12:1BUP including Backup relay + Charge regulation of Multi

The schematic below has Backup relay included as well as all types of chargers.
The Backup relay can be connected beside the charge relay with a short bus. When backup is
connected; charge bus will be connected to load bus.
A small toggle switch can be used to operate the backup relay. In the schematic below, the toggle
switch is on the negative side due to easier to install by connecting negative somewhere close to the
toggle. The positive connection to Backup relay must be from constant power (#3) due to always be
able to power the backup relay.

The Charge Management System (CMS by X2 BMS) will not control a Victron Multi / Quattro since
connected to the Load bus. However, the X2 BMS protection can be combined with charge regulation
performed by a battery monitor like Victron BMV712.

The battery monitor, Victron BMV712 (or 700/702), can be connected in series with X2 BMS output
#9. In any event of charge protection needed, the X2 BMS will disconnect the charger (remote by #9)
and when battery is fully charged BMV712 will disconnect charger (remote by #9). The BMV712 can
easily be programmed at which state of charge (for example at 95% SOC) the charger will be
reconnected. Please contact us and we will provide how to program the BMV712 for operation as
charge regulation.
Schematic 12:1BUP is showing how Battery monitor (with relay) can be connected to control Multi /
Quattro or other chargers connected to load bus.

Schematic 12:1BUP
Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic below

Backup Pre-charge *
* Ohm X2 BMS (*) Wires are
connected as
Solar Panel
Hydro
Solar Panel
Negative

"Kit" to the
Toggle BMS Control
ON/OFF NO cabel Solar Panel Solar Panel
Tap wires

Com #10
Battery BMS
Monitor Control
Shunt cable Tap wires
Negative
Connect to green/white & yellow/white
F. ◦OFF *
*
VE.Dir interface #10
#1 *
#10 Wind
LOAD BUS 2

○○○
Distrib. Fuses Battery #9 #5 #3 #12 #15 Controller
Switch 230 V Chargers

Negative Aux contacts

○! ○! ○!
LOAD BUS 1 CHARGE BUS
◦
◦

◦
◦

○ ○ ○
◦
◦

#9
LOAD
230V

CHARGE BACKUP
NEGATIVE BUS

Negative
RELAY RELAY
SHUNT

⌾ #10 Volvo Penta /

FUSE

FUSE

Yanmar Alt.
Relay ⌾

Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉
Negative
- BMS + + - - + + - -
◉ Balmar Alt.
Battery Monitor

Victron Multi / Bow Thruster, C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1 AFD

Quattro - Anchor Windlass,
- - + + - - + +
◉ +◉- Negative
Relay
Controlled by BMS Inverter and Lead
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣
Brown

(incl. charge) Other Loads

13.2 V Li Cell Pack (8C) 12 V Starter Regulator Negative

36
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

Schematic 12:1BUP-B
including Bi-stable (latching) relay and Backup relay + Charge regulation of Multi
The schematic below is same as 12:1BUP except the latching load relay and protection of
the backup battery by a BP220.

§1 Backup toggle is operating the Backup relay on low side, i.e. connects the negative wire. This
wire may be prepared as the grey/brown wire in the cable connected to BMS Control, which makes it
easier to connect, instead of another like the dotted wire in schematic. The positive to Backup relay
must be connected to ”constant” power together with the white aux-wire, which might be prepared to
wire #3. The single white aux wire from Backup relay will be connected to green/white for the BMS
Control.
§2 Pre-charge resistor will be connected to Load bus and the battery. When system is off, there is
no voltage on Load bus. When START button on BMS Control is pressed during five seconds, current
will pass the pre-charge resistor (limit the current to about 3 A) and then ”charge” the coils for inverter
and other capacitive loads. When these capacitive loads are pre-charged, the voltage will increas to
the same level as the battery. When load relay closes there is same voltage on load bus and on the
battery which will eliminate inrush current to pass the relay. The pre-charge works in all situations, i.e.
both when start up and in event of LVP shut down.
Connection will be to the blue wire and to constant power #3, which is prepared in the kit.
§3 OFF switch can be a Contura (Blue Sea System) switch which protect the off button by a sliding
door, or the switch can be a push button protected by a cup from unattended switching off. When this
switch is pushed the system will be turned off including all consumers as well as all chargers. The
OFF switch is only needed when the load relay is bi-stable (latching). When non-latching load relay,
the system will be turned off by the main battery switch (§5).
§4 Solar MPPT regulators can be remote controlled by the pre-disconnect (#10) from the BMS.
However, remote controll of solar regulator is not needed and is only recommended for large Victron
MPPT regulators, which have inbuild remote and not require a VE Dir interface.
§5 Main switch will not be needed when the system has bi-stable load relay. However, the main
switch will make it easier to run pre-charge when system is started up, why it’s recommended to
install.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

§6 Force OFF is needed only when ”Long term shore power” mode. However, instead of using a
toggle switch to force BMS power off (#1), the fuse ”power BMS” can be pulled out. If this switch will
be installed, please consider location and make sure this switch will not be turned off unattended due
to will create blackout, as well as will interrupt charging. (Ltsp is described in the User Manual).
§7 Battery protect, like Victron BP220 can be used to protect the lead battery (-ies), when the lithium
system is off and instead shore power plus other chargers will supply power (i.e. ”long term shore
power” mode is connected by the backup). This protection (BP220) will disconnect the lead battery in
an event of shore power has been disconnected (i.e. the 230 V AC supply is off) and the yacht’s DC
system has discharged the lead battery until 12.0 / 24.0 V.
§8 X2 BMS will by remote wire #9 disconnect the charging mode for the Multi / Quattro in event of
protection from charging (high cell voltage or high/low temperature). The remote wire #9 could be
connected to Victron BMV712 (or other GX device with relay control) in series as wired in the
schematic. The Victron device can be set to control charging based on state of charge (SOC).
§9 Combined charger/inverter will be connected on the load side. X2 BMS will protect from charging
via #9 remote and protect from discharging via the load relay. This unique connection works in event
of LVP by the delayed dual protection of low voltage. In event of LVP, X2 BMS will shut down the
system which then require a restart by pressing the START button. After the system has been started,
X2 BMS may trigger a new LVP due to still low voltage. However, when LVP is triggered, there is a
delay of 30 minutes when pre-alarm. During this time, charging should be turned on which after a
certain time will trigger off LVP.
§10 Alternator Field Disconnect (AFD) is the safest control of the alternator. However, this type of
control require a regulator connected to the alternator’s field. X2 BMS has a dedicated output #10 as
AFD which disconnect 2 seconds before the charge relay opens.

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X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

12 V system (500+ A) with two Cell Packs and two X2 BMS (Schematic 12: Dual)
Two Cell Packs will be required if battery compartment is too small for the desired battery capacity. If
the distance to next compartment is > 1 meter, the battery capacity must be divided in two Cell Packs
and managed by two BMS’. These two Cell Packs can be of different capacity and different cells.
Two X2 BMS will operate as standalone with separated balancing and protection. However, the two
system, A & B, will be connected as Master(A) – Slave(B) and will only require one BMS Control and
one extra B-relay. The B-relay will operate as protection in events of both LVP and HVP. The charge
management (CMS) and the X2 -system with starter or aux battery will be operated of the Master(A)
and the Charge Relay. In event of LVP for the Master(A), then both systems (A and B) will be shut
down.
All charging will pass the Master(A) charge relay. The charge current between the Cell Packs will be levelled and
as soon as one Cell Pack (A or B) will reach full (97-98%), the resistance will increase and the voltage “want” to
increase. If the other Cell Pack is at lower SOC (and lower resistance), then the charge current will go to that Cell
Pack and voltage will not increase for any of A and B. When both Cell Packs are close to full then voltage will
increase >14 V for both. Discharging will work in same manner.

Schematic 12: Dual

Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic below
X2 BMS (A) Master
Can be any
external
B.M. unit
Battery BMS
Monitor Control
Tap Wires - Battery A
◦
Connects to BMS Control (Red/Blue)
Connects to Terminal A #3 (BMS ON) ◦
Connects to Terminal A #3 (BMS ON) #10

○○
#P #5 #3 #12 #15

Negative s
LOAD BUS
○⌇ ○⌇ CHARGE BUS
○ ○
◦
◦
◦
◦

LOAD CHARGE
NEGATIVE BUS

RELAY RELAY
#1
SHUNT

⌾
FUSE

FUSE

⌾
A
X2 BMS (B) Slave ◉
Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣
- BMS + + - - + + - -
C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1 ◉

- - + + - - + +
◉ - +◉
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ Lead
Tap Wires - Batt B
13.2 V Li - Cell Pack (8C) 12 V Starter

○○
#5 / #9 (&)
Negative
SHUNT B (Not required)

Aux contact Relay B ○⌇ ○

○ ○
◦
◦

(&) BMS-A #1 to BMS-B Load Com #4 LVP-HVP B-

BMS-B #5 to Charge Com #8
#9 to LVP-HVP B Relay
RELAY
⌾
FUSE

LVP-HVP B-Relay will open when: ⌾

LVP-1 or LVP-2 BMS-A
B
LVP-2 BMS-B Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉
HVP BMS-B
High / low charge temp BMS-B - BMS (B) + + - - + + - -
High load temp BMS-B C4 C4 C3 C3 C2 C2 C1 C1
- - + + - - + + ◉
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣
13.2 V Li - Cell Pack (8C)

39
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

24 V system (500+ A), all types of chargers incl. Victron Multi (Schematic 24:1X)
X2 BMS is developed for yacht installations and for managing all types of equipment. The schematics
below, displays the direct control of; Victron Multi (output #9), Balmar alternator, hydro and wind
generator and different solar controllers (output #10). Charge Relay is controlled by output #12.

Please note comments above for the 12 V systems regarding different chargers and Multi/Quattro
(12:1X).

For 24 V systems, an Aux battery (24 V) is highly recommended due to benefits of X2 technology.
More info on page 4 (Installation guide).

As option, the system can also be equipped with a latching relay (24 V) as the 12 V schematic 12:1B .
A latching relay (500+ A contactor) will not drain hold-power in any position.

Schematic 24:1X
Fuse box connections to BMS are excluded in the schematic below

X2 BMS
Solar Panel Solar Panel Solar Panel
Hydro
Can be any
external
Solar Panel Solar Panel Solar Panel
B.M. unit
#10
Battery BMS
Shunt cable Monitor Control
Tap Wires - Battery
DC/DC
◦ Negative
F. OFF
12 V 24 V
#1
◦ VE.Dir interface #10

Wind
#10
LOAD BUS 12V

○○
Distrib. Fuses Battery #9 #5 #3 #12 #16 Controller
Switch 230 V Chargers

s
Aux Battery

Negative

○⌇ ○⌇ CHARGE BUS
LOAD BUS 24V
○ ○
◦
◦
◦
◦

#9

230 V
LOAD CHARGE
Negative

NEGATIVE BUS
Connect to Charge Bus

RELAY RELAY
(Aux) - Use as Backup

SHUNT

⌾ #10 Volvo Penta /

FUSE

FUSE

Yanmar Alt.
Relay ⌾

Tap Wires ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉
Negative - BMS + - + - + - + -
◉ - +◉ ◉ Balmar Alt.
Battery Monitor

Victron Multi or Bow Thruster, C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 AFD

Quattro - Controlled Anchor Windlass, Lead Lead Negative
Relay
by BMS (incl. charge Inverter and Other - + - + - + - +
⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ⏣ ◉ + - ◉
Loads
Brown

disconnect)
26.4 V Li - Cell Pack (8C) 24 V Aux Regulator Negative

40
X2 BMS 12/24 – Marine batterybalance Installation Guide (Rev 22:1)

DATA SHEET X2 BMS - 12/24 V batterybalance Version 21:2

GENERAL FUSES (optional external fuse boxes)

Nominal voltage of battery 12 or 24 V Recommended Cell Balancing fuse 2 A
BMS power, input voltage, min - max 7 - 36 V Recommended Input Pwr fuse 2 A
Number of cells in series (4S/8S, 2P4S/2P8S, 3P4S/3P8S, …) 4 or 8 Recommended Constant Pwr fuse (incl. option of pre-charge) 5 A
Lithium chemistry (Only) LiFePO4 Recommended Relay fuse, 12 / 24 V (per contactor) 5 A
Shunt required to connect to BMS No
Needs of DC/DC or external regulation of alternator No FIRMVARE settings
Needs of CAN to control Victron Multi charger/inverter No Under Voltage Protection, LVP1 (after 30 min alerts), lowest cell < 3.10 V
Needs of pre-charge unit for charge or load relay No Under Voltage Protection, LVP2 (after 60 sec alerts), lowest cell < 2.85 V
Optional BMS Control with status / alerts Yes Over Voltage Protection, HVP (after alerts), highest cell > 3.75 V
BMS unit power consumption, average 50 mW Balance start voltage (at least one cell) > 3.48 V
BMS unit stand-by power (when OFF or event of LVP) 0.0 mW Balance end voltage max (= HVP) > 3.75 V
Conformal coating for the protection of circuit board Modified silicone Event of HVP and charge disconnect, time when charging not allowed 1h
Protection category when BMS unit is wall mounted upright IP 22 Balance end voltage min (when normal mode i.e. fine tuning balancing) < 3.47 V
BMS dimensions L x W x H 220 x 135 x 44 mm Balance end voltage according to IDA (when large unbalance) None
Weight 0.32 kg Battery max temperature; Load relay switch off (after pre-alert) > +55° C
Battery min temperature; Load relay switch off None
BALANCING and MEASUREMENT Battery max temperature; Charge relay switch off (after pre-alert) > +45° C
Dual advanced Multicell Monitors of 3rd generation Yes Battery min temperature; Charge relay switch off (after pre-alert) < +2° C
Ultra high Cell voltage resolution 0.1 mV
Cell voltage accuracy (measured by dual Multicell Monitors) +/- 0.2 mV OUTPUTS Terminal A to BMS CONTROL (5 V, max 20 mA)
Inteligent Dynamic Balancing Algorithm - balancing booster Yes #1-2 Start up activation during 30 seconds after #1-#2 closed by push-button
Alghorithm uses memory of detected unbalance and if necessary will #3 BMS ON
continue balancing when chargers switched off or in float voltage. #4 Load Relay ON Battery ON
Heatsink on balancing resistors Yes #5 Charge Relay ON Charge Allowed
Overheat protection by dual temp sensors on circuit board Yes #6 Temperature OK (measured on Battery) +2° - +45° C
High performance balancing algorithm will stop at cell delta +/- 5 mV #7 Storage OK (only when temperature is OK) 3.295 – 3.305 V
Cell balancing current @3.55 V and 7.15 Ohm resistors 0,50 A #8 High Voltage alert > 3.63 V
Recommeded cell capacity, max (nominal Ah) 1 600 Ah #9 Low Battery alert < 3.17 V
Recommeded cell capacity, min (nominal Ah) 200 Ah #10 Pre-Alarm before Load / Charge relay open due to LVP, HVP or Temp.
Temperature acurrancy by thermistor probe at 20° C +/- 0.2° C #11 High Temperature > +55° C
#12 Cell Error < 2.60 or > 4.00 V
TEMPERATURE and OPERATION of BMS unit #13 Buzzer (Output 5 V, max 1.8 A) Dual 2x 87 dB 2.4 kHz
Operating temperature, max + 75° C #14 Negative
Operating temperature, min - 40° C
Storage temperature, max +40° C OUTPUTS / INPUTS Terminal B
Storage temperature, min - 25° C #1 Power IN BMS
#2 Negative BMS
RELAY OPERATION of Contactors, Remotes or SSRs #3 Aux / Cont Continuous power 12/24 V direct from battery
BMS current limitation of Battery (Load/Charge) None #4 Load COM Input voltage to operate: #5, #6 and #7
BMS operates external DC relays or remote control directly to Chargers/Loads #5 Load output Normal Open - closed when discharge is allowed
DC Relay can be contactor as Gigavac, Kilovac, Blue Sea Syst - all good for 500+ amps #6 Open Load 2 seconds pulse for operating Latching contactor
Output signal to close such contactors creates an inrush current of 3.5 - 7 A #7 Close Load 6 seconds pulse for operating Latching contactor
Max inrush current, each output 20 A #8 Charge COM Input voltage to operate: #9, #10 and #12
Max continuous current, each output 5 A #9 Charge NO Closed when charging allowed i.e. not HVP and Temp OK
Total numbers of outputs to DC relay / Remote 5 #10 Pre-signal (AFD) Will Open 2 seconds pre #9 and pre #12
Max DC relays (contactors) in parallel connection, each output 3 #11 CMS / X2 Input from #9 by jumper (= #9 + #12)
Output DC Relay, Load for non-latching relay / remote 1 #12 Charge output Closed / charging allowed by X2, CMS and by #9
Output DC Relay, Load for latching relay (bi-stable) Open/Close 1 /1 #13 Temp sens Input for temperature probe
Voltage to control Load relay or remote control (Load Com) 12 or 24 V #14 Temp sens Input for temperature probe
Output DC Relay, Charge Protection (HVP and Temp) 1 #15 Charge Pwr12 Only for 12V connected to Charge Bus (when use of #12)
Output DC Relay, X2 combine / CMS 1 #16 Charge Pwr24 Only for 24V connected to Charge Bus (when use of #12)
Output DC Relay, Charge AFD (pre-disconnect 2 seconds) 1
Voltage to control Charge relay or Remote control (Com input) 12 or 24 V INPUTS Terminal C
4-Cells socket Connect tap wires to each of four cells and to battery minus
8-Cells socket Connect tap wires to each of eight cells and to battery minus

41