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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD
CH5: MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
WORKSHEET
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1MARK)
1. The genetic material of most organisms is:
A) RNA B) DNA
C) Protein D) Carbohydrate
2. DNA is composed of:
A) Amino acids B) Nucleotides
C) Fatty acids D) Sugars only
3. A nucleotide consists of:
A) A nitrogenous base and a sugar
B) A sugar and a phosphate group
C) A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
D) A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
4. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are:
A) Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
B) Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
C) Adenine, guanine, uracil, and thymine
D) Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil
5. The sugar in DNA is:
A) Glucose B) Deoxyribose
C) Ribose D) Fructose
6. The sugar in RNA is:
A) Glucose B) Deoxyribose
C) Ribose D) Fructose
7. The nitrogenous base uracil is found in:
A) DNA only B) RNA only
C) Both DNA and RNA D) Neither DNA nor RNA
8. The two strands of DNA are held together by:
A) Covalent bonds B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Ionic bonds D) Peptide bonds
9. The process of DNA replication is:
A) Conservative B) Semi-conservative
C) Dispersive D) Random
10. Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?
A) RNA polymerase B) DNA polymerase
C) DNA ligase D) Reverse transcriptase
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD [CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY]
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11. Transcription is the process of:
A) DNA replication B) RNA synthesis from DNA
C) Protein synthesis from RNA D) DNA repair
12. Translation is the process of:
A) DNA replication B) RNA synthesis from DNA
C) Protein synthesis from RNA D) RNA splicing
13. Which of the following is involved in translation?
A) mRNA B) tRNA
C) rRNA D) All of the above
14. The genetic code is:
A) Degenerate B) Universal
C) Triplet D) All of the above
15. A codon is a sequence of:
A) Two nucleotides B) Three nucleotides
C) Four nucleotides D) Five nucleotides
16. Which of the following is the start codon?
A) UAG B) UGA
C) AUG D) GUA
17. Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?
A) UAG B) UGA
C) UAA D) AUG
18. Reverse transcription is the process of:
A) DNA synthesis from RNA B) DNA synthesis from RNA
C) RNA synthesis from DNA D) Protein synthesis from RNA
19. Which enzyme is involved in reverse transcription?
A) DNA polymerase B) RNA polymerase
C) Reverse transcriptase D) DNA ligase
20. The central dogma of molecular biology is:
A) DNA → Protein B) DNA → RNA → Protein
C) RNA → DNA → Protein D) Protein → DNA → RNA
21. The given figure shows the structure of nucleosome with their parts labelled as
A, B & C. Identify A, B and C.
(A) A – DNA; B – H1 histone; C – Histone octamer
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD [CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY]
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(B) A – H1 histone; B – DNA; C – Histone octamer
(C) A – Histone octamer; B – RNA; C – H1 histone
(D) A – RNA; B – H1 histone; C – Histone octamer
22. Name the types of synthesis A and B occurring in the replication fork of DNA
as shown below
(A) A - Continuous synthesis (synthesis of leading strand); B - Discontinuous synthesis
(synthesis of lagging strand).
(B) A - Discontinuous synthesis (synthesis of leading strand); B - Continuous synthesis
(synthesis of lagging strand).
(C) A- Continuous synthesis (synthesis of lagging strand); B - Discontinuous synthesis
(synthesis of leading strand).
(D) A - Discontinuous synthesis (synthesis of lagging strand); B - Continuous
synthesis (synthesis of leading strand)
23. The given figure represents the double stranded polynucleotide chain. Some parts
are labelled as A, B, C, D and E. Identify the correct labelling of A, B, C, D & E.
(A) A–Hydrogen bonds, B–Pyrimidine, C–Hexose (deoxyribose) sugar, D–5' end, E–
Purine base
(B) A–Hydrogen bonds, B–Purine base, C–Hexose (deoxyribose) sugar, D–5' end, E–
Pyrimidine
(C) A–Hydrogen bonds, B–Pyrimidine, C–Pentose (deoxyribose) sugar, D–5' end, E–
Purine base
(D) A–Hydrogen bonds, B–Purine base, C–Pentose (deoxyribose) sugar, D– 5' end, E–
Pyrimidine
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD [CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY]
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24. The given figure shows lac operon model and its functioning. Select the option
which correctly labels A, B, X, Y and Z marked in the figure and also identify the
label (L) which is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of the disaccharide,
lactose, into galactose & glucose.
25. The given figure represent one of the step in the process of transcription in
bacteria. Identify the step and label A, B & C marked in the figure.
(A) Initiation; A – DNA, B – RNA, C – Promoter
(B) Termination; A – RNA, B – RNA polymerase, C – Rho factor
(C) Elongation; A – RNA, B – RNA polymerase, C – Sigma factor
(D) Elongation; A – DNA, B – DNA polymerase, C – RNA
ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE
Instructions for each question: For each of the following questions, a statement of assertion
(A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Choose the best answer from the options given
below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD [CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY]
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(e) Both A and R are false
26:
Assertion (A): DNA replication is semi-conservative.
Reason (R): Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one
newly synthesized strand.
27:
Assertion (A): Transcription results in the formation of mRNA.
Reason (R): During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes an mRNA
molecule complementary to the DNA template strand.
28:
Assertion (A): Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Reason (R): Ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis, are located in the
cytoplasm.
29:
Assertion (A): The genetic code is degenerate.
Reason (R): Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.
30:
Assertion (A): Mutations always lead to harmful changes in an organism.
Reason (R): Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence.
Answer: (d) The assertion is false. While some mutations are harmful, many have no
effect (neutral mutations), and some can even be beneficial, providing variation that
can be acted upon by natural selection. The reason is true, explaining the nature of
mutations, but it doesn't support the assertion.
CASE BASED QUESTIONS: 4MARKS
31. Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.
(a) Identify A and B in the given figure. OR Write the two specific codons that a
translational unit of mRNA is flanked by one on either sides.
(b) State the functions of amino acyl (A) site and peptidyl transfer (P) site.
(c) How does elongation of B occur?
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD [CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY]
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32. The process of copying genetic information from template strand of DNA into
RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes
place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA
and only one of the strands is copied into RNA. Transcription mainly consists of
three steps. One of the steps of transcription is given below:
(a) Identify the given step and name the labels B and C. OR What will happen if C is
not available in the above process?
(b) What changes will take place in A after the completion of above process in
eukaryotes?
(c) Briefly explain the previous step or given figure taking place in prokaryotes.
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
2 Mark Questions
1. What is the structure of a nucleotide?
2. What are the functions of DNA?
3. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
4. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
5. What is a gene?
3 Mark Questions
1. Describe the structure of DNA, including the roles of its various components.
2. Explain the process of DNA replication.
3. Describe the process of transcription.
4. Explain the process of translation.
5. What are the different types of RNA and their functions?
5 Mark Questions
1. Explain the structure of a DNA molecule according to the Watson and Crick
model.
2. Describe the mechanism of DNA replication, including the enzymes involved.
3. Explain the process of protein synthesis, including transcription and
translation.
4. What is the genetic code? What are its key features?
5. Discuss the process of gene regulation in prokaryotes, with reference to the lac
operon.
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD [CLASS: XII SUBJECT: BIOLOGY]
