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The Origin of Man APA Guidelines

This document deals with the origin of human beings from a historical perspective. It briefly explains the theories of fixism and Lamarckism regarding the evolution of species. It also summarizes the two laws proposed by Lamarck to explain how species adapt to their environment across generations, using the evolution of the long neck in giraffes as an example. Finally, it concludes that human beings have been the subject of study by various sciences throughout history to understand.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views8 pages

The Origin of Man APA Guidelines

This document deals with the origin of human beings from a historical perspective. It briefly explains the theories of fixism and Lamarckism regarding the evolution of species. It also summarizes the two laws proposed by Lamarck to explain how species adapt to their environment across generations, using the evolution of the long neck in giraffes as an example. Finally, it concludes that human beings have been the subject of study by various sciences throughout history to understand.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE ORIGIN OF MAN

EDWAR ALFOSO MONTES GARCÍA

1005062736

PAMPLONA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING


PROGRAM: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

PAMPLONA

2019
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INTRODUCTION

Man, for the most part, has been the subject of study for all sciences. With

this refers to the fact that there are various sciences, such as anthropology, anatomy, history,

for example, which are completely focused on the study of the human being. From a

From a viewpoint, man is a natural being that is part of what exists to this day.

For this same reason, it is a general and main topic in any research.

The history, which is quite important for this research project and for the conclusion

the same -a space used for human recreation- is the science to which we

we are going to focus mainly, to provide a clearer idea of what it means

man for the project itself and how relevant it has been, since its birth quite some time ago

centuries ago, involving its discovery, its evolution, until reaching the present day. (Nurmi,

2000
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

By observing the diversity of life, scholars have always wondered why

there are so many different species of living beings and how they have formed. Fixism is the theory

that proposes that species do not change, but remain unchanged over time.

time since they were created by God (creationism). Each animal or plant species is

immutable, and no change is possible in them. Living beings are different because they have been

created differently, and there are no family relationships among them. This idea has predominated.

for centuries, mainly because it relied on the literal interpretation of Genesis or others

sacred books. Great naturalists, such as the Swedish botanist Karl von Linnaeus (18th century), to whom

the current binomial nomenclature of species owes its existence, they accepted this model without hesitation.

As observations improve and scientists break free from religious constraints, ideas

They change. One problem that scholars had to face was that of fossils and their

origin. George Cuvier (18th-19th century) interpreted that fossils were the remains of organisms that

Catastrophism had existed and he developed the theory of catastrophism. According to him, throughout the history of the

On Earth, several major catastrophes occurred that destroyed the existing flora and fauna.

(there had lived very different living beings from the current ones) and gave rise to the appearance of others

species of animals and plants. An example of this was the Universal Flood that is narrated in the

Bible, and also from this theory, facts such as the extinction of the dinosaurs could be explained.

Although today fixism has almost been discarded, great scientists defended this conception.

some due to religious prejudices, others because no mechanism was known that could explain the

evolution.
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Jean-Baptiste de Monet, knight of Lamarck (17th-19th century), was the first to oppose the

immutability of species. Lamarckism asserts that living beings have an impulse

internal towards perfection and complexity, and adapt to changes in the environment

provoking the emergence of new organs that are passed on to their descendants. He claimed that all the

species evolve gradually and continuously throughout their existence. This evolution

it started from the smallest organisms to the most complex animals and plants and,

so much, even to the human being. According to Lamarck, there are 2 laws that guide the process of adaptation to

First law: Function creates the organ. The frequent use of an organ strengthens it little.

little while disuse makes it disappear. "In every animal that has not crossed the boundary of

its developments, the frequent and sustained use of any organ gradually strengthens it,

giving a power proportional to the duration of this use, while the constant disuse

"Such an organ weakens it and even makes it disappear." Second law: Inheritance of characteristics.

acquired. "Everything that Nature made individuals acquire or lose by influence

of the circumstances in which their race has been placed for a long time, and

Consequently, due to the influence of the predominant employment of such an organ, or by that of its

disuse, Nature preserves it through the generation in new individuals, as long as the

acquired changes are common to both sexes, or to those that have produced these new ones

"individuals." One of the best-known examples that is generally used to explain the process

It is about how Lamarck would explain why giraffes have such long necks and legs: One

population of giraffes with normal length necks and legs, pressured by the lack of forage due to

blame of the drought, tried to change its diet for acacia leaves, which were abundant in the treetops of

the trees. The efforts of these animals were directed towards elongating their necks and legs to
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to be able to reach the green leaves of the acacias. As time went by, the leaves

accessible ones were running out and only those at a higher altitude remained. The necks and the legs

they could grow a centimeter in those animals due to the principle of adaptation to the environment.

As their descendants in the next generation were already born with the neck and legs a little

longer, according to the principle of inheritance of acquired characteristics, would be better adapted

and could continue to strive to stretch their limbs. As time passed and they

As generations passed, these animals began to resemble contemporary giraffes more closely.

(SENECA, 2014)
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CONCLUSION

This chapter emphasized the most essential aspects of human life.

aspects, such as recreation, which has existed since the presence of man; the expressions

human, which determine the expressive character of human beings from the inside out

exterior; human sensations, which are based on human feelings and how these

they can be manipulated by man and are part of human ingenuity in creating

and finally, the relationship between man and space, which explains how the dimensions of

Spaces play a very important role in the psycho-social aspects of human beings.

The human being, as an object of study of architecture and other sciences, allows us to design.

of a space suitable for your needs, especially the previously mentioned ones. This implies

write a short essay about how man can recreate himself and behave in different situations

events, especially, art, as it is handled in this project, being the strongest theme the

music. So with this chapter begins the investigation procedure of the different

topics covered by the thesis. (Nurmi, 2000)


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Cybergraphy

Nurmi, A. (2000). The Man and the Arts. Retrieved on May 11, 2019, from
Unable to access or translate content from external URLs.

SENECA. (2014). The origin of the human being. Evolution and hominization. Retrieved on MAY 11, 2019.
from http://www.iesseneca.net/iesseneca/IMG/pdf/tema_2-3.pdf
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