ASME Code

The following is a description of section VIII, division I:

It consists of three subsections:

a) General requirements
b) Requirements concerning the design and manufacturing methods of the
pressure vessels
c) Requirements concerning the classes of materials
Different types of heat transfer equipment are also
composed of the combination of some of the elements listed above,
therefore the mechanical design of the equipment consists of designing
adequately each of the component elements, considering
that are subjected to internal and external pressure, in exchange for
temperatures, to its own weight and to the effects of dynamic excitation
(vibrations). The most common mechanical design procedure is to
through the analysis of stress to which the parts are subjected and
relying on accepted codes and standards, such as the ASME
(American Society of Medianica Engineers) and the TEMA (Tubular Exchanger)
Manufacturers Association.
It deals with everything related to the design and operation of boilers and
pressure vessels, consists of XI sections, of which the VIII
is dedicated exclusively to pressure vessels.
Materials - UG-4 to UG-15; refers to the requirements that must be
meet the different types of materials used in containers
subjects under pressure.

Design.- UG-16 to UG-35; Establishes that the minimum thickness for the
The casings and the covers must be 1/16" without considering the corresponding parts.
to corrosion; it also clarifies that the design conditions must be the
more criticisms to be expected in normal operation. Provide the
equations for the design of casings and tubes under conditions of
internal and external pressure. It also provides the equations for the
design of covers.
Openings and reinforcements, - UG-36 to UG-46; refers to the reinforcements
that should be placed on the openings needed for the nozzles
in the casings and heads.
Reinforced and supported surfaces.- UG-47 to UG-50; it is provided the
calculus equations for this type of surfaces; the types and the
dimensions of the bolts and their location. Ligaments -
UG-53 to UG-55; the efficiencies of the ligaments are presented of the
different types of perforated plates.
Manufacturing.- UG-75 to UG-85, refers to manufacturing, such as
the identification of materials, repair of material defects,
formed of casings and covers, the allowable roundness for the casings,
Charpy tests and heat treatment.
Inspection and testing.- UG-90 to UG-103; it defines what an inspector is and
the inspections that must be carried out during construction; deals with
also about the different types of tests.
Printing and reports - UG-115 to UG-120; the requirements are indicated.
compliance by the manufacturer so that the manufactured element receives the
corresponding printed matter; it also indicates the data that must be included
the plate and finally the type of report that must be filled out is indicated
by the manufacturer and must be signed by the inspector.
Pressure relief devices.- UG-125 to UG-136; it indicates the
characteristics that these devices must meet. 3.1.1.2. Section
HIV, Division I, Subsection B. This subsection deals with the requirements
minimums for the different manufacturing methods.
Part UW.- This part addresses the requirements for manufacturing by
welding of pressure vessels. In general terms
specify the different types of welded joints. Regarding
the materials, the different classes and qualities are established that
they must for the construction of pressure vessels. In the
part of the design deals with the design of welded joints, treatment
thermal to which the radiographic and other examinations must be subjected
ultrasound that must be performed, the efficiencies of the joints, the
details of the different types of joints, openings close to
welds, and welded connections. In manufacturing, they are treated
welding processes and their qualification, the tests for welders, the
permissible welding temperatures, the types of cuts, cleaning
from the surface to be welded, tolerances, and repair of defects
welding.
During the inspection and testing, the supervision of the procedure is addressed.
welding, the qualification of welders, supervision of the treatment
thermal, non-destructive tests, radiographic examinations, exams
ultrasonics and printing and reports.
Part UF.-It deals with the manufacture by sheet of containers
subjects to pressure. Part UB - Presents the manufacturing requirements for
non-ferrous welding for pressure vessels. 3.1.1.3.
Section VID, Division I, Subsection C.
In this subsection, the code addresses matters related to the materials of
construction of pressure vessels. Part UCS - Indicates the
requirements to be met with pressure vessels constructed in
carbon steels and low alloy steels. This part is completed with
their respective tables of allowable stress values for design.
Part UNF.- Refers to the requirements for pressure vessels.
built from non-ferrous materials. Its complement is found in
the tables of allowable stress values for design.
Part ONE.- It deals with the requirements to be met by the containers subject to
pressure built from high-alloy steels. It is complemented by its
tables of permissible values for design.
UCI Part - Addresses the requirements to be met by the constructed containers of
cast iron. Part
UTH.- It refers to the requirements for pressure vessels.
constructed of ferritic steel with high resistance properties to the
tension; it is complemented by the tables of stress values
acceptable for the design.
Rules of the TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association).
The topic relates to shell and tube heat exchangers.
tubes. Its content is as follows:
Part N: Nomenclature
Part F: Manufacturing Tolerances
Part G: General manufacturing and operation information
Part E: Installation operation and maintenance
Part: RCB: Mechanical Standards of the THEME for Heat Exchangers
RCB
Part V: Flow-induced vibration
PartT: Thermal relationships
Part P: Physical properties of fluids
Part D: General Information
Practical Recommendations
3.1.2.1. Part N.
Present in a normalized way, a nomenclature for the different
types of heat exchangers.
3.1.2.2. PartF.
Establish the acceptable tolerances in construction; and in terms
general from ±1/8" to ±5/8".
3.1.2.3. Part G.
Start with a sheet of necessary data that must be provided for
achieve the appropriate design. Subsequently, it covers what is related to
inspection, to plate data, to drawings and reports, to guarantees, to the
preparation for shipping and general characteristics
deconstruction.
3.1.2.4. Part E.
It is noted that proper installation and preventive maintenance are
user responsibilities.
Regarding the installation, it is about the characteristics of the site.
of installation as well as the cleaning that must be carried out before the
installation.
Regarding the operation, sufficient information must be available to
this purpose. Start and stop sequences are recommended.
For maintenance, inspection intervals are recommended,
cleaning procedures, replacement of gaskets and parts.
3.1.2.5, RCB Part.
Define three types of exchangers, R, C, and B, specifying that
must comply with section VIII, division I of the ASME. Indicates the pressure
of design, the tests, the temperatures of the metal, the standards
corrosion admissibles. Regarding the tubes, specify their
lengths, their diameters and their calibers, the spacings and the types
of their arrangements.

For the housings and covers, the diameters and tolerances are treated accordingly.
like the minimum thicknesses.
Show the different types of deflectors, their thicknesses, their
spacings, protections against erosion in the entry areas and
output; and the characteristics of the separators.
Describe the constructive characteristics of floating heads and of
the packaging.
It places special emphasis on the design of tube mirrors,
providing the equations for calculating thicknesses.
Provide the calculation methods for flexible casing elements.
It also deals with the nozzles and the flanges.
3.1.2.6. PartV.
It is indicated here that the problem of vibration induction by the flow
it is very complex and there is still no solution of that kind
analytical.
The different vibration damages and failure regions are described.
The characteristics of the natural frequency, the stresses are addressed.
axial in the tubes, the damping and provides the method of
calculation of critical flow velocity.
3.1.2.7. PartT.
A study of the thermal problem is conducted through the basic relationship of
heat transfer and the determination of the overall coefficient of
heat transfer. It addresses the problem of fouling and
average temperature difference. They also represent the relationships
that allow the calculation of the average temperatures of the shell and the
tubes.
3.1.2.8. PartP.
A wide range of data is provided in graphic and tabular form.
of very important fluids, mainly hydrocarbons.
3.1.2.9. Part D.
General information about tube dimensions can be found.
connections and due. Tables are also provided for
thermal conductivities of metals and of coefficient means of
expression.
3.1.2.10 RGP Part (section 10).
Here is additional information and guidance related to the design of
heat exchangers, not included in the main parts of the
standard. An example is the resistance table of
design emptiness.
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