Class 10 Social Science - History Notes
Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
• French Revolution (1789) → Introduced liberty, equality, fraternity.
• National symbols: Tricolour flag, national anthem (La Marseillaise), Marianne (female allegory).
• Napoleon’s reforms: Civil Code of 1804, metric system, administrative unity. But limited freedom
and increased censorship.
• Congress of Vienna (1815): Restored monarchies, redrew Europe to suppress nationalism.
• Unification of Italy: Mazzini (Young Italy), Cavour (diplomacy), Garibaldi (Red Shirts), achieved in
1861.
• Unification of Germany: Bismarck (Prussian leadership), wars with Denmark, Austria, France,
German Empire declared in 1871.
• Romanticism: Cultural movement that glorified folk culture, language, poetry as nationalism
symbols.
Chapter 2: Nationalism in India
• Impact of World War I: Economic hardship, inflation, food shortages, rise of nationalism.
• Gandhi’s leadership: Champaran (1917, indigo farmers), Kheda (1918, peasants), Ahmedabad
(1918, textile workers).
• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Boycott of schools, foreign goods, law courts; spread of
Khilafat issue.
• Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Salt March (Dandi), refusal to pay taxes, boycott of foreign
cloth.
• Simon Commission (1927): Protested with slogan 'Go Back Simon'.
• Round Table Conferences: Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), negotiations with British.
• Quit India Movement (1942): Launched during WWII; 'Do or Die' slogan.
• Role of peasants, tribals, women: Active participants in protests, contributed to the spread of
nationalism.
Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World
• Pre-modern world: Silk Route connected Asia and Europe; spices, textiles, precious stones
traded.
• Food exchange: Potato, maize, corn introduced to Europe; transformed diets and population
growth.
• 19th century: Industrial Revolution → demand for raw materials, colonies became suppliers.
• Indentured labour: Poor Indians sent to colonies (Caribbean, Mauritius, Fiji) to work on
plantations.
• Great Depression (1929): Decline in demand, unemployment, crop prices collapsed, world trade
fell.
• Post-WWII global economy: Bretton Woods Conference created IMF, World Bank.
• Globalisation: Expansion of trade, finance, technology, and cultural exchange. Impact on India: IT
boom, outsourcing, trade liberalisation.
