1.
AM
clc;
clear all;
close all;
Ac=2; %carrier amplitude
fc=0.5; %carrier frequency
Am=.5; %message signal amplitude
fm=.05; %message signal frequency
Fs=100; %sampling rate/frequency
ka=1;%Amplitude Sensitivity
t=[0:0.1:50];%defining the time range & disseminating it into samples
ct=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t); %defining the carrier signal wave
mt=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t); %defining the message signal
AM=ct.*(1+ka*mt); %Amplitude Modulated wave, according to the standard definition
subplot(3,1,1);%plotting the message signal wave
plot(mt);
ylabel('Message signal');
subplot(3,1,2); %plotting the carrier signal wave
plot(ct);
ylabel('carrier');
subplot(3,1,3); %plotting the amplitude modulated wave
plot(AM);
ylabel('AM signal');
2. FM
clc
clear all
close all
t = 0:0.001:1; %upto 1000 samples
vm = input('Enter Amplitude (Message) = ');
vc = input('Enter Amplitude (Carrier) = ');
fM = input('Enter Message frequency = ');
fc = input('Enter Carrier frequency = ');
m = input('Enter Modulation Index = ');
msg = vm*sin(2*pi*fM*t);
subplot(3,1,1); %plotting message signal
plot(t,msg);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Message ');
carrier = vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(3,1,2); %plotting carrier signal
plot(t,carrier);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Carrier Signal');
y = vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t+m.*cos(2*pi*fM*t));
subplot(3,1,3);%plotting FM (Frequency Modulated) signal
plot(t,y);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('FM Signal');
Enter Amplitude (Message) = 5
Enter Amplitude (Carrier) = 5
Enter Message frequency = 8
Enter Carrier frequency = 100
Enter Modulation Index = 10
3. DSB
% Define signal parameters
fs = 1000; % Sampling frequency (Hz)
t = 0:1/fs:1; % Time vector (1 second)
fm = 10; % Message frequency (Hz)
fc = 100; % Carrier frequency (Hz)
% Create message signal
Am = 1; % Amplitude of message signal
msg = Am * cos(2*pi*fm*t);
% Create carrier signal
Ac = 1; % Amplitude of carrier signal
carrier = Ac * cos(2*pi*fc*t);
% DSB-SC modulation: Multiply message and carrier signals
dsb_sc = msg .* carrier;
% Plot the signals
figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t, msg);
title('Message Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t, carrier);
title('Carrier Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t, dsb_sc);
title('DSB-SC Modulated Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;
% You can also plot the spectrum to see the sidebands
figure;
f = linspace(-fs/2, fs/2, length(dsb_sc)); % Frequency vector
DSB_SC_Spectrum = fftshift(fft(dsb_sc, length(dsb_sc))/length(dsb_sc));
plot(f, abs(DSB_SC_Spectrum));
title('DSB-SC Signal Spectrum');
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlim([-150 150]); % Adjust limits to see sidebands
grid on;
4. PAM
clc;
close all;
clear all;
a = input('Enter the amplitude = ');
f = input('Enter the frequency = ');
t = 0:0.02:2; % for a total of 16 samples
x1 = 1; %generation of an impulse signal
x2 = a*sin(2*pi*f*t); %generation of sine wave
y = x1.*x2; %modulation step
subplot(3,1,1); %for impulse signal plot
stem(x1);
title('Impulse Signal');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude ');
subplot(3,1,2) %for sine wave plot
plot(t,x2);
title('Sine Wave');
xlabel('Time ');
ylabel('Amplitude ');
subplot(3,1,3) %for PAM wave plot
stem(t,y);
title('PAM Wave');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
Enter the amplitude = 4
Enter the frequency = 3
5. FSK
clc %for clearing the command window
close all %for closing all the window except command window
clear all %for deleting all the variables from the memory
fc1=input('Enter the freq of 1st Sine Wave carrier:');
fc2=input('Enter the freq of 2nd Sine Wave carrier:');
fp=input('Enter the freq of Periodic Binary pulse (Message):');
amp=input('Enter the amplitude (For Both Carrier & Binary Pulse Message):');
amp=amp/2;
t=0:0.001:1; % For setting the sampling interval
c1=amp.*sin(2*pi*fc1*t);% For Generating 1st Carrier Sine wave
c2=amp.*sin(2*pi*fc2*t);% For Generating 2nd Carrier Sine wave
subplot(4,1,1); %For Plotting The Carrier wave
plot(t,c1)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Carrier 1 Wave')
subplot(4,1,2) %For Plotting The Carrier wave
plot(t,c2)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Carrier 2 Wave')
m=amp.*square(2*pi*fp*t)+amp;%For Generating Square wave message
subplot(4,1,3) %For Plotting The Square Binary Pulse (Message)
plot(t,m)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Binary Message Pulses')
for i=0:1000 %here we are generating the modulated wave
if m(i+1)==0
mm(i+1)=c2(i+1);
else
mm(i+1)=c1(i+1);
end
end
subplot(4,1,4) %For Plotting The Modulated wave
plot(t,mm)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('Modulated Wave')
Enter the freq of 1st Sine Wave carrier:10
Enter the freq of 2nd Sine Wave carrier:30
Enter the freq of Periodic Binary pulse (Message):5
Enter the amplitude (For Both Carrier & Binary Pulse Message):4
