National Institute of Technology Calicut

Department of Mathematics
MA1011E - Mathematics-II (EC01) Winter Semester 2024-2025
Solutions to Some Problems in Tutorial - 1
Karthik S and Dr. Krishnan Paramasivam

1. Perform the integration by transforming the ellipsoidal region of integration into a spherical
region of integration and then evaluating the transformed integral in spherical coordinates.
RRR 2
(a) G
x dV , where G is the region enclosed by the ellipsoid 9x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 = 36.

x2 y 2 z 2
+ + =1
4 9 36
let x = 2u, y = 3v, z = 6w
 x 2  y 2  z 2
+ + = 1 =⇒ u2 + v 2 + w2 = 1
2 3 6
then ZZZ Z Z Z
2
x dv = f (u, v, w)|j|dudvdw
G u v w
where
f (u, v, w) = 4u2
xu xv xw 2 0 0
δ(x, y, z)
|j| = = yu yv yw = 0 3 0 = 36
δ(u, v, w)
zu zv zw 0 0 6
Z Z Z
= 144u2 dudvdw
u v w
let u = r cos θ sin ϕ, v = r sin θ sin ϕ, w = r cos θ

u2 + v 2 + w2 = 1 =⇒ r2 = 1

Z Z Z Z Z Z
2
144r2 cos2 θ sin2 ϕ r2 sin ϕ drdϕdθ


144u dudvdw =
u v w r ϕ θ
Z 1 Z π Z 2π
144r4 cos2 θ sin3 ϕ drdϕdθ



=
r=0 ϕ=0 θ=0
1 4 192π
= 144. . .π =
5 3 2
x2 y2 z2
RRR
(b) G
(y 2 + z 2 ) dV , where G is the region enclosed by the ellipsoid a2
+ b2
+ c2
= 1.
x2 y2 z2
RRR
G
y 2 + z 2 dv, where G is a2
+ b2
+ c2
= 1.

We can transform this ellipsoid into sphere by making the substitution x = au, y = bv, z =
cw. Then  x 2  y 2  z 2
+ + = 1 =⇒ u2 + v 2 + w2 = 1.
a b c
The Jacobian J(u, v, w) is,

xu xv xw
∂(x, y, z)
J(u, v, w) = = yu yv yw = abc
∂(u, v, w)
zu zv zw
 and f (u, v, w) = (bv)2 + (cw)2 . Hence
ZZZ Z Z Z Z Z Z
2 2
y + z dv = f (u, v, w)Jdudvdw = a b c (b2 v 2 + c2 w2 )dudvdw.
G u v w u v w

let u = r cos θ sin ϕ, v = r sin θ sin ϕ, w = r cos ϕ

u2 + v 2 + w2 = 1 =⇒ r2 = 1
a b c (b2 v 2 + c2 w2 )dudvdw = r ϕ θ r4 a b c (b2 sin2 θ sin3 ϕ + c2 cos2 ϕ sin ϕ)drdϕdθ
R R R R R R
u v w
RRR
2. (a) Use the transformation u = x, v = z − y, w = xy to find G
(z − y)2 xydV , where G is
the region enclosed by the surfaces x = 1, x = 3, z = y, z = y + 1, xy = 2, xy = 4.
We observe that by the transformation given, the surfaces that bounds the solid G in xyz-
space corresponds to planes in uvw-space.

x = 1 ⇒ u = 1,
x = 3 ⇒ u = 3,
z − y = 0 ⇒ v = 0,
z − y = 1 ⇒ v = 1,
xy = 2 ⇒ w = 2,
xy = 4 ⇒ w = 4.

In order to write the integral in uvw-space, we also need the Jacobian. We compute

x = u, y = w/u, z = v + w/u

and
∂(x, y, z) 1
=−
∂(u, v, w) u
Now, we have
ZZZ ZZZ 
2

w w 2 w ∂(x, y, z)
z−y xydV = v+ − u dV
G H u u u ∂(u, v, w)

where H is the image of G under the transformation. Finally, we get

ZZZ  Z 4Z 1Z 3
w w 2 w ∂(x, y, z) 1
v+ − u dV = v 2 w − dudvdw
H u u u ∂(u, v, w) 2 0 1 u
= 2 ln 3.

(b) Use the transformation u = xy, v = yz, w = xz to find the volume of the region in
the first octant that is enclosed by the hyperbolic cylinders xy = 1, xy = 2, yz = 1, yz =
3, xz = 1, xz = 4.
Since the region is enclosed by the hyperbolic cylinder:

xy = 1, xy = 2, yz = 1, yz = 3, xz = 1, xz = 4
then 1 ≤ xy ≤ 2, 1 ≤ yz ≤ 3, 1 ≤ xz ≤ 4
⇒ 1 ≤ u ≤ 2, 1 ≤ v ≤ 3 and 1 ≤ ω ≤ 4

Page 2
 The Jacobian is given by:
∂u ∂u ∂u −1
∂x ∂y ∂z
∂v ∂v ∂v
J(u, v, ω) = ∂x ∂y ∂z
∂ω ∂ω ∂ω
∂x ∂y ∂z
−1
y x 0
= 0 z y
z 0 x
= xyz + xyz = 2xyz
p
= 2 x2 y 2 z 2
p √
= 2 (xy)(xz)(yz) = 2 uvω

Then, the volume of the region results:

Z 2Z 3Z 4
√
ZZZ
V = dV = 2 uvωdωdvdu
G 1 1 1
Z 2 Z 3 Z 4  3 h i h i h i
1 1 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 4
=2 u 2 du v 2 dv ω 2 dω = 2 u2 v2 ω2
1 1 1 3 1 1 1
16 √ √ 112 √ √
= (2 2 − 1)(3 3 − 1)(8 − 1) = (2 2 − 1)(3 3 − 1)
27 27
Finally,
112 √ √
Volume = (2 2 − 1)(3 3 − 1)
27
3. Evaluate the following triple integrals:
RRR
(a) G
xy sin(yz)dV , where G is the rectangular box defined by the inequalities 0 ≤ x ≤ π,
0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ π/6.
Z π Z 1 Z π/6
I= xy sin(yz)dzdydx
0 0 0

Firstly, let evaluate the integral

Z π/6
xy sin(yz)dz (1)
0

by considering the variables x and y as the constants values and using the fact that
Z
1
sin(at)dt = − cos(at) + C (2)
a

where a is nonzero number and C is an arbitrary constant. Now, returning the result (2)
into (1) it follows
Z π/6  π/6
xy
xy sin(yz)dz = − cos(yz)
0 y
  πy  0 
= − x cos − x cos(0)
 πy6
= −x cos +x
6

Page 3
This result implies that I becomes
Z π Z 1   πy  
I=− x cos − x dydx (3)
0 0 6
Furthter, let evaluate the integral
Z 1   πy  
I2 = x cos − x dy (4)
0 6

by considering the variable x as a constant value. The integral (4) can be rewritten as
Z 1  πy  Z 1
I2 = x cos dy − xdy (5)
0 6 0

From the fact that Z

1
sin(at) + C cos(at)dt =
a
where a is a nonegative number and C is an arbitrary constant, and by the Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus we get that the left integral in (5) is given as
Z 1  πy   1
6x  πy  6x π  3x
x cos dy = sin = sin −0=
0 6 π 6 0 π 6 π

Returning this result into (5) it follows that

Z 1
3x 3x 3x 3x
I2 = − xdy = − [xy]10 = −x+0= − x,
π 0 π π π
then using this result the integral I becomes
Z π   Z π
3x 3
I=− − x dx = − −1 xdx (6)
0 π π 0

x2
Since the function x has antiderivative of the form 2
+ C it follows
π π
x2 π2 π2
Z 
xdx = = −0=
0 2 0 2 2

this result and result in (6) implies that

π2 3π π 2
 
3 π(π − 3)
I=− · −1 =− + =
2 π 2 2 2
RRR
(b) G
xyzdV , where G is the solid in the first octant that is bounded by the parabolic
cylinder z = 2 − x2 and the planes z = 0, y = x, and y = 0.

√ √ √
Z 2 Z x Z 2−x2 Z 2 Z x Z 2
1
2 1 3
2 1
xyzdzdydx = xy 2 − x2 dydx = x 2 − x2 dx =
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 6

Page 4
4. Use a triple integral to find the volume of the solid.
(a) The solid in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane 3x + 6y+
4z = 12.

3x + 6y + 4z = 12
therefore
z = 0 → 3x + 6y = 12 =⇒ x + 2y = 4
4−x
y= ,x = 4
2
12 − 3x − 6y
z=
4
then 1−x 12−3x−6y
Z 4 Z
2
Z
4
V = dzdydx
0 0 0
integrate with respect to z
4−x
4  
12 − 3x − 6y
Z Z
2
V = dydx
0 0 4
4−x
Z 4 Z  
2 3 2
V = 3 − x − y dydx
0 0 4 3
integrate with respect to y
4  1−x
y2 2
Z
3
V = 3y − xy − dx
0 4 3 0
Z 4
3(4 − x)2
= dx
0 16
Z 4
3
16 − 8x − x2 dx


=
16 0
4
x3

3 2
= 16x − 4x −
16 3 0
 
3 64
=
16 3
V =4
(b) The wedge in the first octant that is cut from the solid cylinder y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1 by the planes
y = x and x = 0.
The wedge can be described as the region:
n p o
D = (x, y, z) | 0 ≤ z 2 ≤ 1 − y 2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ y
Z 1 Z y Z √1−y2
V = dzdxdy
0 0 0

in cylindrical coordinates:
y = r cos θ, z = r sin θ, x = x
Z π/2 Z 1 Z r cos θ Z π/2 Z 1
V = dxrdrdθ = r2 cos θdrdθ =
0 0 0 0 0
Z π/2
cos θ 1
= dθ =
0 3 3

Page 5
5. Use cylindrical coordinates to find the volume of the following solids.
(a) The solid enclosed by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = 9.

z = x2 + y 2 , z = 9

therefore
x2 + y 2 = 9, x2 + y 2 = 3
using cylindrical coordinates Z 2π Z 3 Z 9
V = rdzdrdθ
0 0 r2
integrate with respect to z
Z 2π Z 3 Z 2π Z 3
[rz]9r2 drdθ 9r − r3 drdθ


V = =
0 0 0 0

integrate with respect tor

2π 3 2π
9r2 r4
Z  Z  
81
V = − dθ = − 0 dθ
0 2 4 0 0 4
then
81 2π 81 81
V = [θ]0 = (2π) = π
4 4 2
(b) The solid enclosed between the cone z = (hr)/a and the plane z = h.
The given plane intersects the cone in a circle of radius a, so the volume is given by
Z 2π Z a Z h
V = rdzdrdθ
hr
0 0 a

Firstly, we integrate with respect to z, we get

Z 2π Z a Z h Z 2π Z a
rdzdrdθ = [rz]hhr drdθ
hr a
0 0 a
0 0
Z a 2π Z 
hr
= rh − r · drdθ
0 0 a
Z 2π Z a 
hr2

= rh − drdθ
0 0 a
Next, we integrate with respect to r, we obtain
Z 2π Z a 
hr2

rh − drdθ
0 0 a
Z 2π  a
h 2 hr3
= r − dθ
0 2 3a 0
Z 2π
h 2 ha3
= a − dθ
0 2 3a
Z 2π
h 2 ha2
= a − dθ
0 2 3
Z 2π
2 1
=a hdθ
0 6

Page 6
 Finally, we integrate with respect to θ, we infer that
Z 2π  2π
2 1 2 1
a hdθ = a hθ
0 6 6 0
1 a2 hπ
= a2 · h · 2π =
6 3
Consequently, we deduce that
a2 hπ
V =
3
6. Use spherical coordinates to find the volume of the following solids.
(a) The solid bounded above by the sphere ρ = 4 and below by the cone ϕ = π/3.
Denote the given solid as G. Note that the positive part of z-axis belongs inside the cone
ϕ = π/3, so that θ-coordinate of each point in G varies from 0 to 2π.
Also, we have that ρ-coordinate of each point in G varies from 0 to 4 , because the given
solid is bounded above by the sphere of radius 4 centered at the origin and below by the
cone that contains the origin.
To describe the given solid with the respect to spherical coordinates, it remains to find the
boundaries of ϕ− coordinates. Since each point inside the cone has ϕ-coordinate that varies
from 0 to π/3, the solid G can be described with the respect to spherical coordinates as
0≤ρ≤4
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π4
0 ≤ ϕ ≤ π/3
Z 4 Z 2π Z π/3
V = ρ2 sin ϕdϕdθdr
0 0 0

Further, we need to solve the integral

Z π/3
Iϕ = ρ2 sin ϕdϕ
0

withe the respect to ϕ by considering the variables ρ and θ as a constants. Therefore, from
the fact that − cos ϕ is the antiderivative for sin ϕ it follows
 2 π/3  π   ρ2
2
Iϕ = −ρ cos ϕ 0 = ρ − cos + cos(0) = .
3 2
Returning this result into (V) we get
4 2π
ρ2
Z Z
V = dθdr
0 0 2
Now, we need to solve the integral
2π
ρ2
Z
Iθ = dθ
0 2
withe the respect to θ by considering the variable ρ as a constants. Since the ρ is considered
as a constant value, it follows
 2 2π
ρ ρ2
Iθ = θ = (2π − 0) = ρ2 π.
2 0 2

Page 7
 Returnig this result into (V) we obtain
Z 4
V = ρ2 πdρ
0

Finally, it remains to solve the integral

Z 4
ρ2 πdρ
0

The fact that ρ3 /3 is the antiderivative of ρ2 implies

4 4
ρ3 π π (43 − 03 )
Z 
2 64π
ρ πdρ = = = .
0 3 0 3 3

64π
Thus, the volume V of the given solid is equal to 3
.
p
(b) The solid within the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, outside the cone z = x2 + y 2 , and above
the xy-plane.
√ Z
Z 2π Z π/2 Z 3
2
Z 2π Z π/2
9 2 2π √
V = ρ sin ϕdρdϕdθ = 9 sin ϕdϕdθ = dθ = 9 2π
0 π/4 0 0 π/4 2 0
2 2 2
7. Let G be the solid in the first
RRR octant bounded by the sphere x + y + z = 4 and the
coordinate planes. Evaluate G
xyzdV
(a) using rectangular coordinates
The region enclosed by the solid x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 in the first octant is described by:
n √ p o
R : x, y, z | 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 − x2 , 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 − x2 − y 2

where
dV = dzdydx
Hence
Z 2 Z √
4−x2 Z √4−x2 −y2
V = xyzdzdydx
0 0 0
√
Z 2 Z 4−x2
1
xy 4 − x2 − y 2 dydx


=
0 2
Z 20
1
2
= x 4 − x2 dx
8 0
4
=
3
(b) using cylindrical coordinates.
In cylindrical coordinates:
x = 2 cos θ
y = 2 sin θ
z=z
and
x2 + y 2 = 4

Page 8
 hence, √
Z π/2 Z 2 Z 4−r2
V r3 z sin θ cos θdzdrdθ
0 0 0
Z π/2 Z 2
1
4r3 − r5 sin θ cos θdrdθ


=
0 0 2
Z π/2
8
= sin θ cos θdθ
3 0
4
= .
3
(c) using spherical coordinates
In spherical coordinates
x = 2 cos θ sin ϕ
y = 2 sin θ sin ϕ
z = 2 cos ϕ

We have: n π π o
R : r, θ, ϕ 0 ≤ θ ≤ , 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ , 0 ≤ r ≤ 2
2 2
and
dV = ρ2 sin ϕdrdϕdθ
resulting,
Z π/2 Z π/2 Z 2
V = ρ5 sin3 ϕ cos ϕ sin θ cos θdρdϕdθ
0 0 0
Z π/2 Z π/2
32 3
= sin ϕ cos ϕ sin θ cos θdϕdθ
0 0 3
Z π/2
8
= sin θ cos θdθ
3 0
4
= .
3
4
Finally V = 3
R 1 R 4−a−x2 R 4−x2 −y 4
8. (a) Solve for a : 0 0 a
dzdydx = 15
(b) For what value of c is the volume of the ellipsoid x2 + (y/2)2 + (z/c)2 = 1 equal to 8π ?
Change Cartesian coordinates into spherical coordinates. Because ellipsoid is symmetrical
we can write an iterated integral for first octant and multiply it by 8 . Make these changes:
x = r sin θ cos φ
y = 2r sin θ sin φ
z = cr cos θ
r ∈ [0, 1]
h πi
φ ∈ 0,
h π2i
θ ∈ 0,
2

Now we have: π π
ZZ Z Z 1 Z
2
Z
2
8π = dzdydx = 8 2cr2 sin θdφdθdr
D 0 0 0

Page 9
Extract c from an iterated integral.
Z 1Z π Z π
2 2
8π = 8 2cr2 sin θdφdθdr
0 0 0
Z 1Z π
2 π
π= 2cr2 sin θdθdr
0 0 2
Z 1Z π
2
π = πc r2 sin θdθdr
0 0
Z 1
 2 θ= π
1=c r (− cos θ) θ=02 dr
Z0 1
1=c r2 dr
0
c
1=
3
c=3

Other way to get c is to use formula of the volume of ellipsoid: V = 43 πabc. We have:
4
V = πabc
3
4
8π = π2c
3
c
1=
3
c=3
RRR 2
(c) What domain D in the space minimizes the value of the integral D
+ 4y 2 + z 2 −
(4xRRR
4) dV ? What domain D in the space maximizes the value of the integral D
(1 − x2 −
2 2
y − z ) dV ? Give a reason for your answer.
Before we proceed with the problem, let us first look into the given integral more closely.
Because the problem asks for the domain at which the following integral:
ZZ Z
4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 − 4 dV


D

is at the minimum, then it must follow that the function must be integrable over the space.
However, we should know by now that multivariable polynomials are integrable (and con-
tinuous) in their domain which includes all real numbers.
Let f (x, y, z) = 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 − 4. Let A be the region in space where f (x, y, z) is the
minimum. Obse that 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 ≥ 0 (The sum of squares could never be a negative
number.). Therefor follows that f (x, y, z) ≥ −4.f (x, y, z) = −4 can only be achieved when
(x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0). Therefore

A = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 | (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0)



This is useful because we know that the function’s minimum is at (0, 0, 0). Therefore, the
domain at which an integral is minimized should be somewhere near this point.
Due to the ambiguity of the book, the domain at which the integral is minimized is somewhat
arbitrary*. Let B be the region in space where f (x, y, z) is arbitrarily low, say f (x, y, z) ≤ 0.
Therefore:
B = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 | 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4


Page 10
 This describes the region of an ellipsoid whose x-axis is 2 units long, y-axis is 2 units long,
and z-axis is 4 units long and whose center is at (0, 0, 0). ”NOTE: The domain at which an
integral is ”minimized” is somewhat arbitrary. The question does not explicitly mention the
extent of minimization that the integral must achieve. Hence, an arbitrary value was used
in this solution.
We should find the domain D where it is:

1 − x2 − y 2 − z 2 ≥ 0

Therefore, the domain is:

(x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1


Result
(x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1


9. For the following find the mass and center of gravity of the lamina.
(a) A lamina with density δ(x, y) = xy is in the first quadrant and is bounded by the circle
x2 + y 2 = a2 and the coordinate axes.

π/2 a
a4
Z Z
M= r3 sin θ cos θdrdθ = ,
0 0 8
x̄ = ȳ from the symmetry of the density and the region,
π/2 a
a5
Z Z
8a
My = r4 sin θ cos2 θdrdθ = , x̄ = ;
0 0 15 15
a4 8a 8a


mass 8
, center of gravity ,
15 15
.
(b) A lamina with density δ(x, y) = x2 + y 2 is bounded by the x-axis and the upper half of
the circle x2 + y 2 = 1
Z π Z 1
π
M= r3 drdθ = ,
0 0 4
x̄ = 0 from the symmetry of density and region,
Z πZ 1
2
Mx = r4 sin θdrdθ = ,
0 0 5
8
; mass π4 , center of gravity 0, 5π
8


ȳ = 5π .

10. Find the centroid of the following regions.

(a) The region enclosed by the cardioid r = a(1 + sin θ)
x̄ = 0 from the symmetry of the region,
2π a(1+sin θ)
3πa2
Z Z
A= rdrdθ = ,
0 0 2
2π a(1+sin θ)
5πa3
Z Z
1 2 5a
ȳ = r2 sin θdrdθ = 2
· = ;
A 0 0 3πa 4 6
5a


centroid 0, 6
.

Page 11
 (b) The region above the x-axis and between the circles x2 +y 2 = a2 and x2 +y 2 = b2 (a < b).
x̄ = 0 from the symmetry of the region,

1 π b 2 4 (b3 − a3 )
Z Z
1 2 2 12 3
b − a3 =



A = π b − a , ȳ = r sin θdrdθ =
2 A 0 a A3 3π (b2 − a2 )
 
4(b3 −a3 )
centroid 0, 3π(b2 −a2 ) .

(c) The region enclosed between the y-axis and the right half of the circle x2 + y 2 = a2 .
ȳ = 0 from the symmetry of the region,
Z π/2 Z a
1 1 1 2 3 4a
A = πa2 , x̄ = r2 cos θdrdθ = a = ;
2 A −π/2 0 A3 3π
4a


centroid 3π ,0 .

11. (a) Find the mass of a thin wire shaped in the form of the curve x = et cos t, y = et sin t(0 ≤
t ≤ 1 ) if the density function δ is proportional to the distance from the origin.
The curve is given by: x = et cos t y = et sin t (0 ≤ t p
p ≤ 1). The distance from origin is
(x − 0) + (y − 0) , whereas the density is δ(x, y) = k x2 + y 2 , k is a constant. Now
2 2

the mass of the wire is:

s 
Z 1 p Z 1 p 2  2
2 2 2 2
dx dy
M= k x + y ds = k x +y + dt
0 0 dt dt
Z 1 p p
= k e2t cos2 t + e2t sin2 t e2t (cos t − sin t)2 + e2t (sin t + cos t)2
Z 10 p
= ket et cos2 t + sin2 t − 2 cos t sin t + sin2 t + cos2 t + 2 sin t cos tdt
0
Z 1
2t
√ √ Z 1 2t
= ke 1 + 1dt = 2k e dt
0 0
√ e2t 1 √ 1
 
= k 2 e2 − 1

=k 2
2 0 2

√ 1
M = k 2 e2 − 1

2
(b) Find the mass of a thin wire shaped in the form of the helix x = 3 cos t, y = 3 sin t, z =
kx
4t(0 ≤ t ≤ π/2) if the density function is δ = (1+y 2 ) ; (k > 0).

The curve is given by x = 3 cos t y = 3 sin t z = 4t (0 ≤ t ≤ π/2), whereas the desity is

Page 12
 x
δ = k 1+y 2 (k > 0). Therefore the mass of the wire is:

2  2  2 s
Z π/2 Z π/2
x x dx dy dz
M= k 2
ds = k 2
+ + dt
0 1+y 0 1+y dt dt dt
Z π/2
3 cos t p
=k (3 sin t)2 + (3 cos t)2 + (4)2 dt
0 1 + 9 sin2 t
3 cos t √
Z π/2
=k 9 + 16dt
0 1 + (3 sin t)2
√ Z π/2
3 cos t
= 25k dt
0 1 + (3 sin t)2
ϕ = 3 sin tdϕ = 3 cos tdt
3
√ Z 3
dϕ √ −1
√
25k tan−1 3 = 5k tan−1 3
 
= 25k 2
= 25k tan ϕ =
0 1+ϕ 0

12. Find the mass and center of gravity of the solid.

(a) The solid that has density δ(x, y, z) = yz and is enclosed by z = 1 − y 2 (for y ≥ 0) , z =
0, y = 0, x = −1, and x = 1.

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y 2
1
M= yzdzdydx =
−1 0 0 6
x̄ = 0 by the symmetry of density and region,
ZZZ
1 8 16
ȳ = y 2 zdV = 6 · = ,
M G 105 35
ZZZ
1 1 1
z̄ = yz 2 dV = 6 · = ;
M G 12 2
mass 16 , center of gravity 0, 16 ,1 .


35 2
(b) The solid that has density δ(x, y, z) = xz and is enclosed by y = 9 − x2 (for x ≥ 0) , x =
0, y = 0, z = 0, and z = 1.
Z 3 Z 9−x2 Z 1
81
M= xzdzdydx = ,
0 0 0 8
ZZZ
1 8 81 8
x̄ = x2 zdV = · = ,
M G 81 5 5
ZZZ
1 8 243
ȳ = xyzdV = · = 3,
M G 81 8
ZZZ
1 8 27 2
z̄ = xz 2 dV = · = ;
M G 81 4 3
mass 81 8 2


8
, center of gravity 5
, 3, 3
.

13. (a) Find the moments of inertia about the coordinate axes of a thin rectangular plate of
constant density δ bounded by the lines x = 3 and y = 3 in the first quadrant.

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We have to calculate the moment of inertia about x-axis:
Z 3Z 3
Ix = y 2 δdydx
0 0
Z 3Z 3
=δ y 2 dydx
Z0 3 0Z 3 
2
=δ y dy dx
0 0
!
Z 3 3
y3
=δ dx
0 3 0
Z 3 3
03

3
=δ − dx
0 3 3
Z 3
=δ 9dx
0
Z 3
= 9δ dx
0
= 9δx|30
= 27δ

(b) Find the moment of inertia about the x axes of a thin plate bounded by the parabola
x = y − y 2 and the line x + y = 0 if δ(x, y) = x + y + 1.

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