PROBLEM SET 3: SMOOTH SUBMANIFOLDS
DUE: OCT. 25
(1) Let f : R → R be the function f (x) = x1/3 .
(a) Prove: The graph Γf of f is a smooth submanifold of R2 .
(b) Let π : Γf → R be the projection map π(x, x1/3 ) = x. Is π a diffeomorphism?
(2) Let f : M → N be a smooth and proper map.
(a) Prove: f is a closed map, i.e. f maps closed sets to closed sets. Then prove
Proposition 2.2 in Lecture 9.
(b) Now suppose dim M = dim N , and suppose q ∈ f (M ) be a regular value of f .
Prove: f −1 (q) is a finite set {p1 , · · · , pk }, and there exist a neighborhood V of q
in N and neighborhoods Ui of pi in M such that
• U1 , · · · , Uk are disjoint coordinate charts in M ,
• f −1 (V ) = U1 ∪ · · · ∪ Uk ,
• For each 1 ≤ i ≤ k, f is a diffeomorphism from Ui onto V .
(3) (a) Prove: The “sphere bundle” SM described in the proof of Theorem 1.4 in Lecture
9 is a smooth manifold of dimension 2m − 1.
(b) Write down a complete proof of Theorem 1.4 in Lecture 9.
(4) Let ι : M ,→ RK be a smooth submanifold of dimension m. For each x ∈ M ,
we will identify Tx M ' dιx (Tx M ) ⊂ Tx RK ' RK , which is an m-dimensional vector
subspace. Let Nx M be the orthogonal complement of Tx M in RK , which is a (K −m)-
dimensional vector subspace. Define
N M = {(x, v) ∈ RK × RK | x ∈ M, v ∈ Nx M } ⊂ T RK .
Prove: N M is a K-dimensional smooth submanifold in T RK , and the projection map
π : N M → M, (x, v) 7→ x
is a submersion. (N M is called the normal bundle of M in T RK .)
(5) Recall that
T2 = S 1 × S 1 = {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) | (x1 )2 + (x2 )2 = 1, (x3 )2 + (x4 )2 = 1}.
Let ι : T2 ,→ R4 be the canonical embedding and g : R4 → R3 be the map
g : R4 → R3 , (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) 7→ (x1 (2 + x3 ), x2 (2 + x3 ), x4 ).
Prove: The map f = g ◦ ι : T2 → R3 is an embedding.
(6) Prove: S m × S n can be embedded into Rm+n+1 .
(Hint: First embed S n × R into Rn+1 )
