#1269

259 PCS
Compatible with all micro:bit boards up to v2
micro:bit board not included.

10

INVENTING CAN BE LEARNED 20 EXPERIMENTS

INCLUDED
 INVENTING CAN BE
LEARNED
Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes individual packages and school sets. The
special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:

1. Using Gigo’s building block construction-based curriculum, every class has a ready-
to-assemble model, and includes time designated to promote individual creativity.

2. Boots thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by learning

innovation through play!

3. We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual
development and the ability to work as part of a team.

4. Course levels are designed from elementary to challenging, combining a life sciences-
based curriculum with applications from daily life.

5. Experiment using Gigo’s building blocks, which can be used over and over again,
saving both time and effort.

We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-on
experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude
towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to
daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.

1
Index
Education Philosophy 1 9. Elliptical Trammel 59
Index 2 10. Monograph (2) 65
Meet micro:bit 3 11. Crazy Alarm Clock 67
Entering the World of Coding Blocks 5 12. Three-wheeled Motorcycle 73
Parts List 15 13. Drilling Machine 79
1. Metal Detector 17 14. Four-legged Beetle 87
2. Traffic Lights 21 15. Monograph (3) 93
3. Cuckoo Clock 25 16. Telegraph Machine 95
4. Drum Machine 31 17. Robotic Arm 103
5. Monograph (1) 37 18. Motion Sensing Remote Control 111
6. Surveyor’s Wheel 39 19. Max Bot 117
7. Level Crossing 47 20. Monograph (4) 123
8. Powered Tram 53 Appendix Paper card 125

2
 Meet micro:bit
micro:bit is a micro controller board introduced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
specially designed for youth programming education.
The micro:bit mainboard, which is smaller than a credit card, is a highly flexible and
programmable embedded device. It is convenient for young people to carry around and to
develop programs. With their creative ideas, may bring tech applications into daily life.
micro:bit is 4cm × 5cm in size, with a built-in 32-bit ARM processor, multiple sensors,
Bluetooth and broadcast functions. It has two buttons for input and a 5×5 LED matrix
display. It can connect to a computer or tablet using Bluetooth or Micro USB. Online visual
coding software is provided for to view and learn operations and applications.
In addition to micro:bit visual coding software, the following coding tools are also available:

JavaScript Blocks Editor

The Microsoft online graphical coding platform, JavaScript Blocks Editor for micro:bit,
can be used without having to download coding tools. A 14-week introductory course is
available. Blocks Editor can be used in Windows, MacOS, IOS and Android environments,
programs are then uploaded to the device by Bluetooth connection.

Blocks Editor online coding: https://makecode.microbit.org/

Introductory course: https://microbit.org/hk/teach/

MicroPython
Python is a very popular high-level programming language, also known as an Interpreted
language. It is characterized by emphasis on the simplicity and readability of the code.
Compared to high-level languages such as C/C++, Python is more simple, easy to read and
uses plain text. It is designed to be use friendly, and as long as you have patience, anyone
can learn to use it.
The version of Python that BBC micro:bit uses is called MicroPython, you can check the
following links to understand how MicroPython operates.

MicroPython introduction : http://microbit.org/hk/guide/python/

MicroPython online coding tools : http://python.microbit.org/v/1

Basic version
If you are not familiar with programming software and building blocks, you can refer
to the basic version of the manual from below link first.

https://build.t2t.io/ur?qr=r1Y0qlJuS

Announcement and online courses (micro:bit V2)

https://build.t2t.io/ur?qr=HyLR5I8_w
3
 micro:bit V1.5 mainboard
Battery Connector
Bluetooth Smart
Antenna Reset Button
Micro USB
5 CM Connector

2 programmable 32-bit ARM Cortex M0CPU

buttons with Bluetooth Low Energy + Micro USB
Temperature Sensor

4 CM
Magnetometer
5×5 LED Matrix + Accelerometer
Light Sensor

3 digital/analogue input/
output rings Power port
(3V)
Ground back port

Front Side Back Side

micro:bit V2 mainboard

Battery Connector
Radio Antenna Reset Button
Micro USB
5 CM Connector
Microphone Power Indicator USB
Indicator Activity
Touch Indicator
Sensitive Logo
2 programmable Microphone
buttons
Processor
USB
4 CM Interface Chip

Compass and Speaker

5×5 LED Matrix + Accelerometer
Light Sensor

3 digital/analogue input/
output rings Power port
(3V)
Ground back port

Front Side Back Side

4
 Entering the World of
Coding Blocks
Before you enter the course, please carefully follow
the preparatory steps below.
[ Step 1 ] Install the micro:bit mainboard in the micro:bit control
box.
1. As shown in the pictures below, press down with your thumbs and slide upward in
the direction of the arrow.

LED side up

D C B A
D C B A

H G F E
H G F E

fig.1 fig.2

2. With the micro:bit LEDs facing upward (toward you and visible), slide the micro:bit
mainboard into the control box slot.

E F G H

A B C D

LED side up

fig.3

5
3. The micro:bit mainboard should fit flush with the sides as shown in the large picture
below. If it is not, please remove it completely, ensure there are no obstructions and
then try again. Make sure it is pushed in straight and not skewed.

LED side up LED side up

D C B A D C B A
LED side up
H G F E H G F E

Not inserted fully into micro:bit inserted

D C B A
the control box. face down.
H G F E

LED side up LED side up

D C B A D C B A

H G F E H G F E

Correct position

Skewed insertion. Skewed insertion.

4. Put the upper cover on the control box and slide it back into position.

E F G H

A B C D

PC

fig.4

6
 Entering the World of
Coding Blocks
micro:bit control box
As shown below, the micro:bit control box uses six AA batteries, with 1 external input power
interface (female micro USB). Use a power supply around DC 5V/2A (a similar power level to
a tablet charger, no more). Batteries cannot be charged while in the device, any batteries in
the device will stop being used when it is plugged in. There is also a built-in buzzer, 8 sets of I/
O (Gigo type)and 8 sets of I/O DuPont connectors (see the micro:bit pin configuration diagram
for details). These I/O interfaces provide micro:bit external connections to the 50X PLANETARY
GEARBOX (DDM), 180° SERVO MOTOR (METAL GEAR), LINE SENSOR, FORCE SENSOR, and
other devices. Users can also purchase other compatible sensors or servo motors.

Buzzer
I/O(Gigo type)

Button
micro:bit control box power switch
I/O DuPont
(female connector)
External input power interface
(Micro USB Please use a
power supply below DC5V/2A)

To PC (Micro USB)
- Only for use by children aged 10 years and older.
- Keep the instruction since it contains important information.
- The toy is only to be connected to equipment bearing either of the following symbols.
or

- Installing batteries in the core controller

Push the tab in and slide the transparent cover open. This takes some force, so an adult
might need to help. Insert the batteries according to the indicated plus-minus polarity. Close
7 the compartment by snapping the cover back on.
micro:bit master pin configuration

Gigo
parts 50X
LED
PLANETARY FORCE
LED side up HOLDER
GEARBOX SENSOR
(4-PIN)
C B Control (DDM)
X 5V X 5V
box jack

P2 GND P14 GND A

D SDA A
X 5V P20 5V
B
D C B A

P8 GND
SCL
P19
GND C
H G F E
P8
H 5V P16
E 5V D

P1 GND P15 GND E

P2
G 5V P14
F 5V F
P1 P8 P12 P2 P13 P14 P15 P16

P12 GND P13 GND G

5V
GND H

I/O pin configuration diagram

(for female DuPont connectors)

GND

GND

GND
SDA P20
SCL
12C1
P19
+3v3

+3v3

+3v3
P16
MOSI P15
MISO SPI1 P14
SCK P13

ANALOG IN P2

Reserved:accessibility P12
BUTTON B P11
LED Col 3 ANALOG IN P10
LED Col 7 P9
P8

ANALOG IN P1

LED Col 8 P7
LED Col 9 P6
BUTTON A P5
LED Col 2 ANALOG IN P4

ANALOG IN P0

LED Col 1 ANALOG IN P3

micro:bit Pin-out Diagram

8
 Entering the World of
Coding Blocks
[ Step 2 ] Use the browser to enter the micro:bit programming
page.
micro:bit does not require you to download programming software. Code directly on the
web page. (This example uses the Google Chrome browser.)
First, connect with a web browser to the micro:bit editor page:
<https://makecode.microbit.org/#>
Enter the coding screen as shown below:

A B C D H I

F
E G

K L M N O

Interface functions are described as follows:

A. Go back to the coding introduction page <https://microbit.org/code/>
B. Project: Create a new project or open a program (case).
C. Share: You may share a program with the online community via a web-link.
D. Blocks/JavaScript: Choose Blocks/JavaScript editor to code. These 2 modes can
be switched.
E. Simulator: micro:bit virtual mainboard emulator. When we modify the code, the
simulator can check it immediately and present the coding result.
F. Coding blocks: Building blocks to be used during coding.
G. Code editor interface: The main area of coding. Drag coding blocks to this area to
code.
H. Help: This function includes information such as Support, Getting Started, etc.
9
 I . More settings: This function includes Project Settings, Add Package, Delete Project,
Switch Editor Language, Reset and more.
J . Getting Started: Use this function for the first time to learn how to use the micro:bit
coding functions one by one.
K. Show or hide the simulator.
L. Download: click this button to download our coding project to a computer or
micro:bit.
M. Name a project and save it.
N. Undo / Redo.
O. Zoom In, Zoom Out of the coding screen.

Tip：
Right click on the code editor interface, you may choose to delete code, format code
or make a screenshot of the entire code and download it.

[ Step 3 ] Add new 50X PLANETARY GEARBOX (DDM) block

package.
First, use the browser to connect to the micro:bit code editor page:
<https://makecode.microbit.org/#>
Follow the steps below to install:
1. Click on the "Advanced" field. 2. Click on “Add Package” (a dialog box
will pop up when clicked).

10
 Entering the World of
Coding Blocks
3. Key in the URL link: <https://github.com/gigotoys/gigo-block>
and click the search button.

4. Click sensors

5. A new toolbar appears. There you will see the C-50X PLANETARY GEARBOX (DDM)
special block.

11
[ Step 4 ] Download the finished program file to a micro:bit
control box.
1. Connect the micro:bit control box to your computer:
Prepare a USB cable (see figure). The specification is USB Type A male, to USB
Micro-B male (provided by the user).
Plug one end into the computer’s USB port and the other end (MicroUSB) into the
Gigo micro:bit port at the top of the control box (see figure).

The specification is USB

Type A male, to USB Micro-B
male (provided by the user)

2. After writing the program, enter the project name, then click Download or Save.

12
 Entering the World of
Coding Blocks
3. Download completed. (Default file save location is >This PC >Downloads)

Tip：
You may create a micro:bit-specific program download folder on the disk. Save any
downloaded programs you are using to this folder, to make finding program data and
creating backups easier.

4. Copy the file saved in the previous step to the Gigo micro:bit CONTROL BOX using
the File Manager.

13
 5. Please follow the steps below to eject the Gigo micro:bit control box from the
computer. (Screenshots shown are taken from the Windows 10 environment.)

2
1

1. Select "Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media".

2. Select "Eject MICROBIT".

3. After removing the USB cable, your device is ready for use.

Tip1：
Go to the dropbox link below and download the sample program for model #1269.
By dragging it to the programming web page, you can view the code content of the
sample program or modify the code, according to your need.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/ovqmn33oc2v6i7v/AABHe8kmv8eREAW2EnUKwl1Ra?dl=0

Tip2：
There are many factors to consider when the model doesn’t work as expected, such
as battery power, model assembly and motor rotation speed.
You can adjust motor speed and pause time in the program to find the best solution.

Reminder: While using "180 degree servo motor (metal gear)" to do programming
through micro:bit web page, due to different pre-setting, the program block "servo
write" value needs to be written in the range of 20-160 to make sure the motor
can be activated.

14
 Parts List

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

x50 x20 x20 x2 x4 x4 x7 x4 x2 x2 x2 x4 x4

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

x6 x2 x4 x6 x4 x4 x4 x4 x4

23 24 25 26 27

x2 x3 x2 x2 x2
28 29 30 31 32 33 34

x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x1

35 36 37 38 39 40

x2 x2 x1 x2 x1 x1
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

A B

x4 x4 x2 x1 x1 x1 x4 x4 x4 x2

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

x2 x2 x2 x2 x4 x4 x4 x2 x2 x1 x1
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2

15
 Parts List:
No. Description Item No. Qty. No. Description Item No. Qty.
1 B-SHORT PEG 7344-W10-C2B 50 36 C-100mm AXLE Ⅱ 7413-W10-L2D 2
2 C-LONG PEG 7061-W10-C1R 20 37 C-150mm AXLE Ⅰ 7026-W10-P1D 1
3 C-20mm AXLE CONNECTOR 7413-W10-T1R 20 38 C-WASHER R12#3620 2
4 C-AXLE 7026-W10-H1R 2 39 C-WORM GEAR 7344-W10-A1D 1
5 C-CAM CONNECTOR 7413-W10-S1P1 4 40 C-ROD CONNECTOR 7026-W10-L2D 1
6 C-TWO-IN-ONE CONVERTER 7061-W10-G1D 4 41 C-20T GEAR 7026-W10-D2R 4
7 C-SHORT BUTTON FIXER 7061-W10-W1D 7 42 C-40T GEAR 7346-W10-C1B 4
8 C-OD8x20mm TUBE 7400-W10-G2D 4 43 C-60T GEAR 7026-W10-W5Y 2
9 C-BASE GRID CONNECTOR 7026-W10-I1SK 2 44 C-80T GEAR 7328-W10-G2O 1
10 C-LATERAL CONVERTER 7061-W10-X1D 2 45 C-145° CRANKSHAFT GEAR-A 7411-W10-C1D 1
11 C-FRONT CONVERTER 7061-W10-Y1D 2 46 C-145° CRANKSHAFT GEAR-B 7411-W10-C2D 1
12 C-BENDED ROD 7061-W10-V1D 4 47 C-GRIPPER 7411-W10-G1D 4
13 C-3 HOLE ROUND ROD 7404-W10-C1D 4 48 C-20T BELT 7446-W10-C1D 4
14 C-3 HOLE DUAL ROD 7413-W10-Y1D 6 49 C-21T BELT 7446-W10-C2D 4
15 C-3 HOLE ROD 7026-W10-Q2D 2 50 C-LARGE BODY PIECE A 7446-W10-A1Y 2
16 C-5 HOLE ROD 7413-W10-K2D 4 51 C-SMALL BODY PIECE LEFT 7446-W10-A2Y 2
17 C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD BOTTOM CLOSED 7413-W10-W1D 6 52 C-SMALL BODY PIECE RIGHT 7446-W10-A3Y 2
18 C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD 7413-W10-X1D 4 53 C-LARGE BODY PIECE B 7443-W10-A1R 2
19 C-7 HOLE ROUND ROD 7404-W10-C2D 4 54 C-MAIN BODY PIECE 7445-W10-C1G 2
20 C-7 HOLE PROLATE ROD 7404-W10-C3D 4 55 C-40T WHEEL FRAME 7446-W10-B1O 4
21 C-9 HOLE ROD 7407-W10-C1D 4 56 C-60T WHEEL FRAME 7444-W10-A1D 4
22 C-11 HOLE ROD 7413-W10-P1D 4 57 C-TWO-IN-ONE FIXTURE 7445-W10-D1S 4
23 C-15 HOLE DUAL ROD 7413-W10-Z1D 2 58 C-CLAW PIECE A 7445-W10-B1G 2
24 C-5X5 FRAME 7413-W10-Q1D 3 59 C-CLAW PIECE B 7445-W10-B2G 2
25 C-5X10 FRAME 7413-W10-I1D 2 60 B-PEG REMOVER 7061-W10-B1Y 1
26 C-5X15 FRAME 7413-W10-J1D 2 61 C-FORCE SENSOR 1246-W85-C 1
27 C-3x13 DUAL FRAME 7406-W10-A1D 2 62 C-Gigo micro:bit CONTROL BOX 1269-W85-A 1
28 C-5x13 DUAL FRAME 7061-W10-U1D 2 63 C-180° SERVO MOTOR (METAL GEAR) 1247-W85-D3 1
29 C-BASE GRID 7125-W10-A1SK 2 64 C-50X PLANETARY GEARBOX (DDM) 7412-W85-A 2
30 C-MOTOR AXLE 7026-W10-L1S1 2 65 C-LED HOLDER (4-PIN) 1269-W85-B1R 1
31 C-30mm AXLE Ⅱ 7413-W10-N1D 2 66 C-LAMPSHADE 7050-W10-I1R 1
32 C-35mm AXLE Ⅱ 7413-W10-O1D 2 67 C-LED HOLDER (4-PIN) 1269-W85-B1G 1
33 C-60mm AXLE Ⅱ 7413-W10-M1D 2 68 C-LED HOLDER (4-PIN) 1269-W85-B1Y 1
34 C-65mm AXLEⅠ 7416-W10-C1D 1 69 C-LINE FOLLOWER SENSOR 1247-W85-B3 2
35 C-70mm AXLE Ⅱ 7061-W10-Q1D 2

TIPS AND TRICKS:

Here are a few tips for assembling and using the models. For more assembly
Read them carefully before starting. tips, please refer to
NG! (without space) OK! (with space)

Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4

A. Pay attention to the hole: B. B-Peg remover: C. Gear wheels:
When fixing gears onto the frame with drive Using peg remover to pull peg off as The models will often have several gear
axle be sure to keep a proper space (about Fig.3 shows. wheels installed in a row, or gear train. In
1mm) between the gear and the frames (Fig. 2). Using peg remover to pull axle off as order for the models to work well, thesae
And try to turn the gear to ensure every gear in fig.4 shows. gears will have to mesh well. Otherwise,
the gear train turning smoothly so that the least the force from one gear wheel won’t be
friction will be created and most efficient power
16
properly transferred to the next.
transmission can be expected.
 1 Metal Scientific
Application Electromagnetic Induction

Detector
Metal detectors use the principle of electro-magnetic
induction fields. The detector on the micro:bit kit, has a coil
that generates an electromagnetic field by passing rapid,
alternating current through it. This field is a known value and
changes in it are used to detect anomalies as it passes over
other metallic or magnetic objects. As magnetic objects pass
into the field, for example mines, coins or any large enough
iron particles, an “eddy” is created in the current. An eddy is
like a whirlpool and can also be used to describe water. The
eddy causes an anomaly in the induced-field by means of
its own magnetism, which changes the frequency of
oscillation. The change in oscillation is translated to a
change in frequency of the buzzer.
The metal detector in this lesson is a model which mainly
uses the micro:bit’s built-in magnetometer. The model is sensitive to iron, cobalt, nickel, or other
magnetic substances such as computers, mobile phones and especially magnets.
Each micro:bit may have a different level of sensitivity to magnetic forces, and the sensor readings
may be different among different devices. Users may wish to adjust the sensitivity settings that
trigger sounds of the buzzer, according to their own situation.

Daily ation
Applic Metal detectors are mainly used for t wo
purposes - discovery and prevention, such as:
archaeological treasure hunt, mineral exploration;
immigration security checks, detection of contraband
in various government agencies and entertainment venues.
Nowadays, they are also used in food and plastics processing
industries to detect whether metal impurities have been accidentally mixed
in with the products. The construction industry also uses metal detectors to
detect the placement of metal lines in cement, walls and ceilings, and the
location of steel bars.

ing
torm
Brains
What are the properties of metal? Why are we looking for it
during treasure hunts as well as security checks?

17
Parts List
1 2 10 12 14 16 18 22 23 28

x10 x18 x1 x4 x1 x1 x3 x2 x2 x1

53 62

x2 x1

1 ×2 2

18 3

22

18

6
4 ×2

18
 1 Metal Detector

7 Done

Program Example

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

19
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Is there any magnetic substance around you that
e
Exp makes the metal detector producing a stronger
reaction?

H an
Cre ds-on
Code a program to produce different detection ativ
ity
reactions.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

20
 2 Traffic Lights
Scientific
Application Colors and Positions

If dogs are color blind, how does a guide dog

distinguish among different colored traffic lights?
There can be two reasons for this: Despite being
color blind, red and green, in the eyes of a dog,
have dif ferent levels of brightness. Just as
differences can be distinguished on a black and
white television; another possibility is that dogs can
distinguish the positions of the light signal.

It might not be obvious to us that traffic lights in

our daily lives have fixed locations. Two-thirds of
the world's countries drive on the right hand side of
the road (left-hand drive), the red light is on the left and the green light is on the right; the
other third of countries drive on the left hand side of the road (right-hand drive), where the
red light is on the right and the green light is on the left. Regardless of whether you are on
the left of right, as long as the traffic lights are vertical, the red light is always at the top,
the green light is always at the bottom. In this way, dogs may distinguish the
correct lighting signal and know whether to cross a road or wait.

Daily ation
Applic The idea to have a traf fic light signal-man at
pedestrian crossings began in East Berlin, Germany,
1961. The original intent was to remind pedestrians
crossing the road. The little red man light now signals
that crossing is forbidden; the little green man signals that crossing
is possible. However, the traffic light men at that time had a fixed
walking posture, without movement. In Taiwan, 1998, the Taipei City
Government added a timing function to the traffic light man, and further developed
the moving little green man that we are now familiar with. The little green men were
well received. Afterwards other cities adopted them one after another, and they were
even exported to other countries such as the United States and Japan.

ing
torm
Brains
Are there any more interesting traffic light designs besides a
walking person and waiting person?

21
 Parts List
1 23 27 29 61 62 65 67 68

x1
x8 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

2 3
1

4
5
Light-a

Light-b

Light-c

How to replace the lampshade D C B A

Light-a Sensor
Sensor H G F E

Light-b Light-c
press press

22
 2 Traffic Lights

Program Example
Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

23
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Add a flashing function to the traffic light when it
e
Exp lights up.

H an
Change the model to make the traffic light horizontal, Cre ds-on
ativ
and match the lighting pattern of your country's traffic ity
lights.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

24
 3
Scientific
Cuckoo Clock Application Radio Frequency

In modern times, where mobile phones are present

everywhere, it has gradually become a norm to have no
clock at home. Have you ever seen those clocks where a
little-cuckoo pops out to announce the time? Whenever the
long hand points to 6 and 12, the small wooden door at the
top of the clock opens, and a wooden cuckoo comes out to
sing a little song or “cuckoo” noise. It is called a “Cuckoo
clock" because the bird was originally a Cuckoo bird that
makes a “ku-koo” sound.

The cuckoo clock originated in the Black Forest region of

southwestern Germany. Through fine gear design and the
craftsmanship of generations of wood-carving masters, the
local production of cuckoo clocks became world-famous.

In addition to timekeeping aspects of design, we can also

use modern dynamic mechanical principles to implement
new methods of operation, to indicate the passing
of one hour. Now each cuckoo clock can have its own story!

Daily ation
Applic Buzzers are divided into two types: “active”
and “passive”. Active refers to a sound of a
fixed frequency can be produced through the
internal oscillator. As long as an external voltage
is supplied, the multi-vibrational structure will operate;
while Passive means that there is no internal oscillator source,
therefore one must provide a driving signal of a certain frequency from
an external circuit. Our extended version uses a passive buzzer that can
be oscillated by triggering the micro:bit code.

ing
torm
Brains
The micro:bit program only has a wait function.
Try it out: How can you write the function of a clock on
micro:bit?

25
Parts List
1 2 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 24 27 28

x26 x3 x4 x2 x4 x1 x2 x4 x2 x3 x2 x1

30 31 32 36 40 41 42 43 45 46 51 52

x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x3 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x2

53 54 55 56 62 63

x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1

1 2

3
How to adjust motors to vertical position

Please make sure the hole on

motors are vertical.

5
100mm

4 ×2

26
 3 Cuckoo Clock

9
8
7
30mm

30mm

10

51

11

52
35mm

27
 52 14
12

51

13

16

D C B A

15 H G F E

5V
GND

Motor

Motor

28
 3 Cuckoo Clock

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

29
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Use the program to change the steering angle of
e
Exp the 180° SERVO MOTOR (METAL GEAR) to create
different movements.

H an
Experiment with the configuration options, for example try Cre ds-on
ativ
changing the 180° SERVO MOTOR (METAL GEAR) into a 50X ity
PLANETARY GEARBOX (DDM) box to see what the effect is.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

30
 4 Drum Scientific
Application Reciprocating Mechanism

Machine
The earliest musical instrument sounds were
made by striking an item by hand. Tambourines
are a commonly found example. The African
tambourine can be traced back to 500 AD, and
it is believed that it was spread via trade routes
up and down the Nile region to the Middle East,
and then the rest of the world.

In the beautiful lands of West Africa, the

aborigines still express their feelings through
song. Whether it is a sacrifice, banquet or celebration, they show gratitude by dance and
song. Guests and observers will be able to strike items around themselves to join in the
brisk rhythm, so everyone can create music together. In this way, African tambourines
formed an important part of African society, as they still do today. The lives, religions, and
cultures of many Aboriginal tribes still find use for the tambourine today.

Daily ation
Applic A reciprocating motion is created by using
linkages. Linkage mechanisms come in many
different types involving, two, three or more
linkage bars. In a reciprocating mechanism, like this
one, there is only one joint between links on two connecting
rods which generates a linear motion.
Linkages allow engineers to permit some movements while restraining others.
Each structure (two bar linkage, three bar linkage or more) has its own
principles, some of which we will see later. The combination of mechanical
principles may be used to form a variety of new movements.

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Since the hand is a good striking tool, why are most modern
drums kits hit with a stick?

31
Parts List
1 2 3 5 12 13 14 16 19 24 25 26 28

x8 x2 x4 x2 x3 x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x2 x1

31 33 34 41 42 43 45 46 50 53 54

x1 x2 x1 x3 x3 x2 x1 x1 x2 x1 x2

56 57 58 59 62 64 65 66 67

x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

3
1
2
mm
30

4
5
6

mm
65

Hole B

32
 4 Drum Machine

9 ×2 10 ×2 11
60mm

12

Hole B

13

59
A

Hole B 14 58
57

57

15

33
 17

16

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on fixing the LED covers.

19

Light-a Light-b

Motor

18

D C B A

Light-a
H G F E

Light-b Motor

34
 4 Drum Machine

Done

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Web Service

※ You may need a flashlight

to run the model properly.
Model
Operation Video

Program Example

35
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Use light sensors and the A button to change the
e
Exp frequency of drum hits and design your own rhythm.

H an
Read the numbered musical notation by yourself, Cre ds-on
ativ
and compose a simple piece of music by writing a ity
program.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

36
 5 Monograph 1
Please use the models and principles you have seen
so far, to design a facility that can be seen in an
Mod
amusement park. Revi el
ew

1. Metal Detector 2. Traffic Lights

3. Cuckoo Clock 4. Drum Machine

37
 ign
Des cept
Con

ua tion
val
My Artwork E 1
Model

2
Design

Model

3
Creation

Winner!
38
 6 Surveyor’s Scientific
Application Infrared Sensor

Wheel
The Surveyor’s Wheel (measurers wheel, distance measure
wheel) is known by many names. It is pushed by the person
measuring along the path to be measured. The contact
wheel is pushed along the ground and turns uniformly with
the distance covered. As it turns, a device counts the
number of turns made by the contact wheel, then calculates
the distance covered by multiplying the number of turns by
the circumference of the wheel. The resulting distance is
then shown on a screen. The advantage of this method is
that it is very simple and to operate, and it can easily
measure the length of curved surfaces and arcs. However,
it is not always possible for the operator to keep an exactly
straight line, and there may be some data errors if the
surface is uneven or if the wheel does not turn by friction
with the ground (like on a slippery surface).
The measuring wheel of this lesson uses a gear to transform vertical wheel rotation into horizontal
rotation. An infrared sensor is then used to detect a piece of paper or card with alternating black
and white strips. From this it calculates the length in centimeters and displays it on the micro:bit
5 × 5 matrix.
Users may choose to display the cumulatively measured distance through a program, or
input the distance to be measured in advance whereupon the micro:bit will
count down to zero and an alarm will sound.

Daily ation
Applic Infrared sensors are manufactured using the principle
of infrared reflection. They are commonly used in
automatic flushers, automatic faucets, hand sanitizer,
and hand dryers.
When a human body or an object blocks the area of infrared radiation
and causes a reflection, it will trigger the infrared solenoid valve and
can be used to activate a pre-defined action. Due to the different spectra
(here black and white on card or paper), the infrared only reacts to the spectrum of an
object located in a particular area. For example, IR tracking sensors do not respond to
objects in the black part of the visible light spectrum. Therefore, it is possible to sense
distance changes via a paper card with alternative black and white strips.

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What other measurement tools are there besides the
distance measuring wheel?
What are their advantages and disadvantages?

39
6-1 Parts List
1 4 6 12 14 16 22 24 25 26 27

x21 x1 x2 x2 x3 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x2

32 35 38 41 42 43 48 54 55 62 69

x2 x1 x2 x1 x3 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

※ To be used with the distance measuring wheel paper card on page 125.

1
Side view

22
6
Front View
3
2

35
mm
35mm

5
4
48 ×1

How to connect the BELT

OK

40
 6 Surveyor’s Wheel
6

Side view
Back side
Front side
Front side

70m
m

Side view
8

Keep a 10~20mm gap between

the card and IR sensor.

10
Sensor

D C B A

H G F E

5V
GND

Sensor

41
 Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

42
 6 Surveyor’s Wheel
6-2 Parts List
1 2 4 6 12 14 16 18 20 21 23 24 27

x14 x17 x1 x2 x4 x1 x1 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2

33 35 38 41 43 48 50 55 62 69

x1 x1 x1 x4 x1 x2 x2 x2 x1 x1

※ To be used with the distance measuring wheel paper card on page 125.

1 2 3 5

4 ×2

21 21

6 8 9
60mm

7 18

70
mm 18
6
6

43
 11 ×2
10
48 ×1
Please refer to p.126 for tips
on connecting the belt.

Set the black and white

cardboard on back side.

12 13

Front View

Keep a 10~20mm gap

between the card and
IR sensor.

14 15 16

D C B A

H G F E

Sensor

5V
GND

Sensor

44
 6 Surveyor’s Wheel

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

45
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Take a ruler or a measuring tape to measure, observe and
e
Exp record the accuracy of the distance measuring wheel and
its possible error, then adjust the values of the program to
calibrate it.

H an
Cre ds-on
Change the structure of the handle to design a ativ
ity
measuring tool that is more ergonomic.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

46
 7
Scientific
Level Crossing Application Inertia

In the early days when trains first appeared,

railway level crossings were all manually-
operated, with staff to remind pedestrians
to pay attention to safety requirements.
Whenever a train is about to pass, the
person on duty would wave a red flag,
signaling all vehicles and pedestrians to
stop crossing and to clear the track.

Trains cannot stop like a regular vehicle.

A train that travels at 80 km/h will have a
braking distance of 2 km due to inertia. Therefore, the protection of railway level crossings
is significantly more important. Barriers, gates, red lights, and warning sounds were all
added to alert of possible dangers near railroad crossings.

The model in this lesson simulates a situation when the train passes (triggering the IR
sensor) and the railroad crossing begins to operate.

Daily ation
Applic The Newton's first law of motion states that the
object either remains at rest or continues to move
at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by another
outside force. The Newton's first law is also known as the
law governing inertia.
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object, to any change in its
position and state of motion. You can observe inertia in any object and with the
heavier the object, the greater the inertia.
On Earth, inertia is often affected by external forces (gravity, friction, air resistance),
so it makes the movement of objects slower over time, and finally stationary.

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Inertia is exerted on all objects. Think about it, why can cars
brake over a relatively short distance, but trains cannot?

47
Parts List
1 2 10 12 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23

x7 x12 x1 x4 x1 x1 x2 x2 x1 x2 x2 x1

24 27 28 29 31 33 40 41 42 55 56

x3 x2 x2 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

62 64 65 66 67 69

x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

2 ×2 3
1

mm
30

5 ×2
17 7
4

48
 7 Level Crossing

9
10

22

22

21
13

18
11 12
21

60 60
mm mm

49
14 15

16

18

17
Light-b
Light-a

Sensor

D C B A

Light-a
H G F E

Light-b Motor

5V
GND
Motor Sensor

50
 7 Level Crossing

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

51
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Simulate a train for the level crossing and observe
e
Exp if the number of seconds that the level crossing is
lowered enough for a train to pass.

H an
Use the remaining blocks or items at hand to set up Cre ds-on
ativ
other possible objects around the level crossing (e.g. ity
trains, tracks, fences).

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

52
 8 Powered Scientific
Application Sensing & Decision

Tram
Powered Trams can run automatically and travel
along a planned track on the ground. Using an
infrared emitter, and infrared photoelectric
crystal sensor the intensity of the reflected light
determines whether the tram is on course. A
controller is used to correct and adjust
movement directions of the vehicle so that it can
continue to run automatically on the track.
Different color lights have different reflective
properties. Black has the lowest reflectivity;
while white has the highest. The photoelectric
crystal in the IR sensor, after sensing, will
output different potentials to differentiate the two
colors. The number of infrared modules will also influence the stability of the self-propelled
vehicle. At least two infrared modules must be used in order to identify the direction.
Two IR tracking sensors are on either side of the line. The vehicle body is in the center. The
control box decision process is as follows: go straight forward; right-side IR tracker
detects the line, vehicle responds by left adjustment. Left-side IR sensor
now detects line, vehicle body responds by turn right adjustment.

Daily ation
Applic A motor is generally divided into three parts: a casing,
a stator and a rotor. After the stator is fixed to the
casing, the change of the magnetic field can drive a
rotor. The rotor of the motor usually has a very high speed
and a very small torque. Therefore, a motor will add a deceleration
function to reduce the speed and increase the torque through gear ratios.
The different directions of electric current can change the positive and negative rotation
of the motor; while the magnitude of the voltage can change the speed of the motor. If a
tracking vehicle easily derails when it runs, you should examine whether adjust the motor
speed will allow it time to adapt to changes in the track.

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A tracking vehicle does not have a steering wheel, and its
front wheels do not turn. How does it turn?

53
 Parts List
1 2 6 10 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 22 26 31 32 33

x25 x7 x4 x2 x2 x3 x1 x1 x3 x2 x2 x4 x2 x2 x2 x2

41 42 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 62 64 69

x2 x2 x2 x4 x1 x2 x2 x1 x1 x4 x1 x2 x2

1 2

Bottom view
3
30
22 mm

21

21

5 6
4

30
mm

30
mm

8
7

mm
m 60
35m

54
 8 Powered Tram
9

10

60m
m 35m
m

11

12 22

22

22

13 52

51

51

52

14

55
 15

48 ×1
49 ×2

16 ×2

17

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on connecting the belt.

18

19

20

Sensor-b
Sensor-a
GND
5V

Motor-a Motor-b Motor-b

Motor-a

E F G H

Sensor-a Sensor-b
A B C D

56
 8 Powered Tram

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

15~20mm ※ Black strip is provided by the user.

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

57
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Make a black line on the ground to let the tracking
e
Exp vehicle travel along the track.

H an
Change the thickness and curvature of the track. Cre ds-on
ativ
Observe and record the type of path that is most ity
suitable for the tram.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

58
 9 Elliptical Scientific
Application Reciprocating and Rotating Motion

Trammel
Machines exist to reduce the amount of human effort required to
complete a task. We have seen many mechanisms and
engineering techniques separately, but now we will begin to
combine some. For this variation on a reciprocating mechanism,
each body is connected so it pivots in at least two locations.
Pieces will be able to move relative to each other to achieve the
correct movement. This is similar to the Linkage in L4, but with
more “links”.
The function of this linkage is to pull a crank through a rotation
of one link, so that the another can swing, rotate or reciprocate.
Linkages are very versatile and can be used to create many
different types of motion for different uses and effects. There are some specific terms we must
understand before we can know how linkages work.
1. Function: The relative motion between joints at the two ends of a fixed link.
2. Path: Path of a given tracking point.
3. Motion: Describes the movement of the link.
The model in this lesson uses a combination of rotating and reciprocating motions, combined with
path tracking, allowing a plotter to draw geometric figures. You can adjust the speed of the two
motors, the position of the levers, the thickness of the pen or colors etc; to
draw a variety of different geometric figures.

Daily ation Linear guide Fixed point

Applic When a machine is in operation, it will initiate

a given movement. Common types of motions
are linear, rotational, back and for th, and
reciprocating. Linear means that an object moves
along a straight line; rotational motion means that an object
will rotate with a fixed central point; back and forth means that
an object keeps a constant distance to a fixed point in an arc within a certain
range; reciprocating motion refers to an object moving in a fixed range along a
straight line repeatedly (like a piston). When different motion types are adjusted
and combined through a body, a new type of motion will be created.

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Brains
Is there any mechanical structure in daily life that utilizes a
combination of motions?
With what combinations of motions are they formed?

59
 Parts List
1 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 13 14 17 19 22 23 24 25

x11 x12 x5 x2 x4 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x3 x1 x1 x3 x2

27 28 29 30 32 35 39 41 42 44 62 64

x1 x2 x2 x1 x1 x2 x1 x3 x1 x1 x1 x2

※ Use the microcomputer plotter paper card on page 126.

1
Top view

70mm
2
70
mm Close to the edge

60
 9 Elliptical Trammel

5
6

7
35mm

9
27mm

Hole B

61
 9

11

Back side

10

13

12

Motor-b

Motor-a

D C B A

H G F E

Motor-b Motor-a

62
 9 Elliptical Trammel

Done

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Web Service

※ Pens and rubber bands are not

included. Please refer to the model
operation video for the installation. Model
Operation Video

Program Example

63
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Use different color pens to draw different images
e
Exp on the same piece of paper.

H an
Modify the program to make one of the motors Cre ds-on
ativ
perform an intermittent motion. Observe the ity
effects on the output image.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

64
 10 Monograph 2
Please use the models and principles you have learned
about so far to design a ball-catcher that can sense
Mod
whether a ball has been thrown-in or not. Revi el
ew

6. Surveyor’s Wheel 7. Level Crossing

8. Powered Tram 9. Elliptical Trammel

65
 ign
Des cept
Con

ua tion
val
My Artwork E 1
Model

2
Design

Model

3
Creation

Winner!
66
 11 Crazy Alarm Scientific
Application Random Variable

Clock
One of the main functions of an alarm clock is
the alarm ringtone. Even the new vibration or
LED display alarm clocks still have to produce a
sound. In addition to monotonous alarm ringtones
and electronic sounds, you may also use classical
music, insect buzzes or bird songs, or even heavy
metal music! You are now able to personalize these
alarms according to your taste.
There are many reasons for oversleeping, such as
staying up too late at night, being too tired from the
previous day, lack of sleep, or forgetting to set an alarm. Even if an alarm is set, it is very easy to
turn it off and continue to sleep in the morning (snooze function). The most common reason for
oversleeping is actually going back to sleep after turning the alarm off!
If you want to avoid going back to sleep, you may set the snooze mode or use a type of alarm that
is difficult to turn off. The snooze mode will repeat the alarm every 5 minutes, or you may set a
different desired interval. But even if an alarm clock is set to go off every 5 minutes, there are still
some people who just will not get out of bed.
In this lesson, we will design a crazy alarm clock. When the time comes, the alarm clock will run
away quickly, while sounding its alarm. It will also find a corner to hide. If you don't
want to move the table or chair, you will have to get up and grab it fast.

Daily ation
Applic Randomness means that the target, motivation,
rules and other methods cannot be predicted.
A random process refers to a process that
repeatedly generates indefinite factors.
A random variable is a variable obtained in a given sample
space, and the value of this variable cannot be predetermined.
Its value can only be estimated within the given range. Randomness can
only obtain non-deterministic values. In order to let the crazy alarm clock run
around, we will use the concept of random access in the program, so we can’t
determine the next direction the clock turn to.

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What things in life are related to randomness?

67
 Parts List
1 2 6 12 16 19 21 24 25 31 33 41 42

x6 x4 x2 x4 x2 x2 x3 x2 x1 x2 x2 x4 x2

54 56 57 58 59 62 64

x1 x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x2

1 2

30m 60m
m m

3 4

21

21

5 6

21

68
 11 Crazy Alarm Clock

6
7 6
8

9 10

69
 11
58

59

57 12
57

13

Motor-a

Motor-b

Motor-a
D C B A

Motor-b
H G F E

70
 11 Crazy Alarm Clock

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

71
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Write a program to add different running modes to
e
Exp the alarm clock.

H an
Change the outward appearance of the alarm clock Cre ds-on
ativ
so that it can tip over forward or backward, and yet ity
continue to run.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

72
 12 Three-wheeled Scientific
Application Slip and Steering

Motorcycle
Cars have a long history. First, rickshaws
appeared, then smaller, steam-powered
vehicles, and finally cars. At that time, power
transmission devices were already well-
developed.
Smaller, steam - powered vehicles f irst
originated in France, 1769 where Mr. Cugnot
made the first steam powered vehicle called
a “fardier à vapeur”. Next, larger steam
powered trains emerged from the UK. Later
still, more train designs came forth from
Germany and the United States. Engines
were driven first by steam, then electricity
and finally diesel.
The first motorbike ever created for sale, was a three-wheeled design by the British in 1884. It
was not successful and there were funding problems, so it never saw widespread adoption.
In 1885, German inventors began to use an internal combustion engine to create a new type
of locomotion that differed from the principle of bicycles, but that too was never released to the
market. Then, also in Germany in 1894, the first locomotive vehicle was released for sale. This is
the first type of vehicle formally referred to as a motorcycle.
The vehicle in this lesson is driven by motor but steered by turning of the wheels. You may select
the mode of operation through the A or B buttons, or try to code a different way
of traveling.

Daily ation
Applic There are two ways to turn - steering and differential
steering. Like a normal car, tracked vehicles will have a
transmission device to control the forward (or backward)
movement of the car body. But there are no front wheels to turn
so it is not such a simple mechanism. Construction crawlers or tanks use
differences in the speed between the two tracks to twist (or what appears
to be a slip). This is formally referred to as differential steering. The double transmission
devices (one for left and one for right) drives the left and right wheels (or tracks) to achieve
a different angle of twist, and to provide forward and backward movement. Some tracked
vehicles can even turn on the spot, where it seems that they are slipping.

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How many 50X PLANETARY GEARBOX (DDM) and 180°
SERVO MOTOR (METAL GEAR) are required to achieve
steering and slipping mechanisms, respectively?

73
Parts List
1 2 5 6 12 13 14 16 17 19 24 27 30 31

x26 x6 x2 x2 x2 x2 x6 x1 x6 x4 x2 x2 x1 x1

34 35 36 40 41 42 45 46 48 50

x1 x1 x1 x1 x4 x3 x1 x1 x1 x2

51 52 53 54 55 56 62 63 64 65 66 67

x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

17
2 3

17
1 ×2 Front View

mm
27

Back side

Keep the gear close How to adjust motors to vertical position

to upside.

Please make sure the hole on

motors are vertical.

5
4

48 ×1

Hole B
Please refer to p.126 for tips
on connecting the belt.

74
 12 Three-wheeled Motorcycle

Front View

17
17

Keep 2mm gap each side

65m
m Please refer to p.126 for tips
on fixing the LED covers.

9 10 0mm
10
18

Front side

18

11

12

75
13 14

15 16 52

51

17

Light-b

Light-a

D C B A

Motor-a
H G F E

Light-a Light-b
Motor-b

5V
GND

Motor-b
Motor-a

76
 12 Three-wheeled Motorcycle

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

77
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Change the program content to add a new type of
e
Exp action.

H an
Cre ds-on
Work with others to write your own remote-control ativ
ity
codes.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

78
 13 Drilling Scientific
Application Rear Wheel Steering

Machine
Generally, the steering controls of a car are at
the front of a chassis. Steering characteristics
can be divided into three situations: understeer,
neutral and oversteer. For front-wheel drive
vehicles, under-steer can be solved by reducing
the vehicles speed; but if it is over-steering, it
may be necessary to reverse the steering
wheel and control the turn using more power.
This is also known as drifting, but it is highly
risky unless you are a very highly trained driver. Steering characteristics of general vehicles are
adjusted toward a slight understeer in order to ensure stability while driving.
Both under and over-steering problems can be solved by the implementation of rear wheel
steering. There are two situations for rear wheel steering: in the same direction and in the reverse
direction as the front wheels. In the same direction can reduce oversteering; in the reverse can
reduce understeering. When the vehicle speed is slow, the turning magnitude can be increased
by having the front and rear wheels turn opposite each other; but when the speed is too fast,
oversteering easily occurs. Co-directional steering through the rear wheel can compensate the
oversteering situation, so that the driving vehicles body can be better balanced.

Daily ation
Applic There are many kinds of engineering trucks. Generally,
heavy transpor tation equipment uses liquid with a
pressure pump, using an extremely high pressure to
transfer the liquid into the equipment to move machine parts.
The hydraulic pipe connects the various hydraulic components, drives
the pressure pump via a motor or an engine, and controls the operation of
the entire truck by controlling the liquid flow and pressure of each valve. We have seen
excavators in many movies, but to actually use it to drill a cave is impossible with the current
stage of technology. Mainly because of safety considerations, we can't be sure that the area
that has been drilled won't collapse, burying people and the machine inside.

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Why do cars frequently park rear end first?

79
Parts List
1 3 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 24 25 27

x35 x6 x4 x2 x2 x2 x6 x2 x3 x3 x2 x1

30 31 32 33 37 38 40 41 42 43 44

x1 x2 x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1

48 50 53 54 55 56 62 63 64

x4 x2 x1 x2 x4 x1 x1 x1 x2

2
17
1 ×2

How to adjust motors to vertical position

Please make sure the hole on

motors are vertical.

3
4

17
60
mm
30
mm

80
 13 Drilling Machine

5 6

17
21

8
7 9 ×2

m 21
27m

18

11 12

10 ×2 17

81
 60mm
13

14 15

16

17

150
mm

82
 13 Drilling Machine

19
18

18

20

21 ×4 22
48 ×1

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on connecting the belt.

83
 23

24

26

25

27

Motor-c

Motor-b
D C B A

H G F E

Motor-a

Motor-b

Motor-a 5V
GND

Motor-c

84
 13 Drilling Machine

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

※ You may need a flashlight

to run the model properly.
Model
Operation Video

Program Example

85
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Control the light with a torch to influence the speed
e
Exp of the excavator.

H an
Modify the program using to write a new remote- Cre ds-on
ativ
control program. Verify and record the logic and ity
remote-control skills you have learned and tested.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

86
 14 Four-legged Scientific
Application Gear and Linkage

Beetle
The US Department of Defense wants to
develop a load-bearing donkey machine that
will work with soldiers on rough terrain where
mechanical vehicles cannot travel.
In 2005, a robot dog was developed in Boston.
It has no track, no wheels, and moved on
four robotic legs. It is a dynamic, balanced
four-legged robot. The robot dog is 1 m long,
70 cm high, weighs 75 kg, and can carry loads
of up to 154 kg. It can travel across rough
terrain at a speed of 5.3 km/h and can climb
slopes with less than 35 degrees. Its body
has a variety of sensors, laser gyroscopes
and a stereo vision system. After receiving
various signals, the robot dog is controlled by a micro-computer to generate movements
and react intelligently.
Later designs evolved into pet machines, which were quieter and lighter, and
weighed less than 30 kg. Now we are seeming the mass production
phase. Maybe after a while we will see pet machines around us.

Daily ation
Applic G ear s are one of the most widely used
transmission methods in modern instruments
and machinery. They can be used to transmit
rotation and power between any two axes. Since gear
transmission is accurate and efficient, it is possible to create
animal like locomotion (gait). With separate front and rear legs in
coordination, moving the “animal” forward.
This is also the most commonly used moving method for strandbeasts. By
simply staggering the links pulled by the gears, you may design whichever
type of stepping movement you want.

ing
torm
Brains
Why is that among the strandbeasts that we see on
the market, we rarely see a walking body with fewer
than four feet?

87
Parts List
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 16 18 21 22 23 25

x8 x6 x8 x2 x4 x4 x4 x2 x4 x2 x1 x4 x2 x2

26 30 36 38 41 42 47 61 62 64 65 67 68

x1
x2 x1 x2 x2 x3 x4 x4 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

2
1

mm
27

m m
100 Hole A Hole A

m m
100 Hole C Hole C

88
 14 Four-legged Beetle

Hole A Hole A

Hole C Hole C

5
6 ×4 22

8
7

Hole B Hole B Hole B Hole B

89
 18

6
18
6

10

11

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on fixing the LED covers.

12

Light-a

D C B A

Motor Light-a Sensor

Light-c Sensor
H G F E

Light-b Light-c

Motor
Light-b

90
 14 Four-legged Beetle

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

91
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Change the relative position of the gears and links
e
Exp to create different walking styles (gaits).

H an
Cre ds-on
Modify the model to make a robot beetle that walks ativ
ity
on six feet.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

92
 15 Monograph 3

Please use skills and knowledge you have acquired to

design a tracking hexapod ant. Mod
Revi el
ew

11. Crazy Alarm Clock 12. Three-wheeled Motorcycle

13. Drilling Machine 14. Four-legged Beetle

93
 ign
Des cept
Con

ua tion
val
My Artwork E 1
Model

2
Design

Model

3
Creation

Winner!
94
 16 Telegraph Scientific
Application Morse Code

Machine
Language and communication ability is the key to
the establishment of civilization. In ancient times,
p e o p l e u s e d va r i o u s m e t h o d s t o t r a n s m i t
information to people that were in another place. In
the African tribes, there is a kind of drum that can
convey different messages, to remind the clan
members through squeezing a rope; France
established a signal tower to transmit information;
the Orientals have more transmission methods
such as smoke signals, Yam (relay stations), flying
pigeons, etc. These communication methods later
evolved into the more modern, postal system.
Many transmission methods are limited because of the costs, unclear traffic paths or
vulnerability to weather and terrain. Before the telegraph was invented, only the most
important information was transmitted, and its transmission speed was very slow compared to
the current standard.
Since the 19th century, the discovery and application of electricity has brought about a new
favorable revolution in human communication. Using electricity to transmit information created
a new communication paradigm, the telegraph machine.

Daily ation
Applic The telegraph machine can only transmit current
signals by means of power-on or power-off. In
order to transmit information, people have invented
a code to indicate different English letters and numbers
through the time difference between power-on and power-off.
When the current is transmitted to another telegraph machine,
based on a prepared code table, the message that the other party wants to
transmit can be interpreted. The inventor of the first telegraph was the British.
Later, after continuous development by the American Mr. Morse, a set of “Morse
code” was developed and patented in 1849.

ing
torm
Brains
Why does the Morse code use only two simple long and
short syllables instead of adding more mid, long, medium,
or super short sounds?

95
 16-1 Parts List
1 2 11 12 16 23 27 28 51 52 53

x14 x2 x2 x4 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x2

54 61 62 63 65

x1
x2 x1 x1 x1 x1

1 2

How to adjust motors to vertical position

Please make sure the hole on

motors are vertical.

96
 16 Telegraph Machine

6
5

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on fixing the LED covers.

9
Light-a

D C B A

Light-a Sensor
H G F E
Motor

5V
GND

Motor

Sensor

97
 Program Example
Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

98
 16 Telegraph Machine
16-2 Parts List
1 11 12 13 16 27 28 30 33 41 45 46

x20 x2 x2 x1 x2 x2 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1

51 52 53 54 61 62 63 65 66 67

x1
x1 x1 x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1

1
2

How to adjust motors to vertical position

Please make sure the hole on

motors are vertical.

3 4

46

45
99
5
6

52

51

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on fixing the LED covers.

100
 16 Telegraph Machine

10

Light-a

Light-b

Motor

D C B A

Light-a H G F E
Sensor

Light-b

5V
GND

Motor
Sensor

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

For a sample program to use on

the 16-2 model see p.98. Model

101
Operation Video
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Use a single model to write a program that can
e
Exp control the swings or flashes of a light bulb to send
a message to a distant location.

H an
Write a Morse code message to your friends, that Cre ds-on
ativ
only you and your friends can understand. Use a ity
telegraph machine to transmit it.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

102
 17 Robotic Arm
Scientific
Application Machine Automation

There are 4 times of industrial

r evo l u t i o n: t h e f i r s t i n d u s t r i a l
revolution was the invention of a
steam engine. The thrust produced
by steam via boiling water is turned
into a source of power; the second
industrial revolution was the use of
electricity. Providing steady power to
m ac hi n e s to i m p r ove m as s i ve
production; the third industrial revolution is the advancement of information technology and
electronic devices, making industrial manufacturing more automated and precise; and the
core of Industry 4.0 is a "Cyber-Physical System". In addition to high automation, It is also
necessary for machines to be able to communicate with each other, automatically eliminate
various problems, to achieve the effect of a “dark factory”. The most common application of
this concept is robotic arms.
A robotic arm is an automatic control equipment. It is hoped that it can perform various
functions that a human arm can do, especially the movements of the wrist and fingers.
It consists of a main structure, a controller, a sensor, and a servo component. Multiple
different joints allow it to perform various movements and displacements in a space. Different
components can communicate and cooperate with each other through
program operations.

Daily ation
Applic Robotic ar ms are widely used in automated
machinery. Since 1980, robotic arms have been
used in many dangerous industrial environments,
such as high-temperature forging, welding, assembly,
painting and other heavy plant work.
Many assembly tasks that are monotonous and do not require
thinking are gradually being replaced by robotic arms. Once an
execution sequence is input through a program, a robotic arm can continue to
execute according to its instructions. Nowadays, the precision of robotic arms has
surpassed the coordination of human hands and eyes. Thus, robotic arms have found
application in medical surgery, space exploration and even military bomb disposal.

ing
torm
Brains
What things do you see or hear on a daily basis that are
almost entirely automated?

103
Parts List
1 2 3 6 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 24 25

x37 x15 x10 x4 x4 x2 x4 x2 x5 x2 x4 x6 x1 x4 x4 x3 x2

26 27 29 31 32 33 35 36 37

x1 x2 x2 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1

38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 53 54 56 57 61 62 63 64 69

x1
x1 x1 x4 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x2 x2 x2 x1 x4 x1 x1 x1 x2 x2

2 ×2
17 4
1

17 3

70mm

5 7 8 ×2
×2

6 17
17 9
30mm

104
 17 Robotic Arm

12
10

11

16 ×4 21

13 14
15 57
60mm

22
17 ×2

18

19

13

10
0m 2
m

105
 22
20 21

23
24
Top View
35mm

45
35mm

46

25 26
m
0m
15

How to adjust motors to vertical position

Please make sure the hole on

motors are vertical.

106
 17 Robotic Arm

28

27

29

18

30

107
 33
31

32

34

Motor-c
Sensor-a
Sensor-b

GND
5V

Motor-c Motor-b

Motor-a

Sensor-c E F G H

A B C D

Motor-a

Motor-b

Sensor-b Sensor-a

Sensor-c

108
 17 Robotic Arm

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

Program Example

109
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Look for the center of gravity of the robot arm and
e
Exp observe how to control the robot arm to achieve
the most efficient control.

H an
Cre ds-on
Modify the model to enable the robotic arm to ativ
ity
grip at different angles.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

110
 Motion Sensing
18
Scientific
Application Wireless Remote-Control
Remote-Control
Various instruments in human life are invented by
imitating or extending existing human capabilities.
Remote-control is one of these things, it was invented
in the USA around 1955. At that time, an owner of an
electronics company liked watching TV very much,
but he hated the advertisements. Every time an
advertisement appeared, he had to get up and run to
the TV to switch the channel. It was very troublesome
for him to get up dozens of times a night. For this
purpose, he asked his staff to come up with a device
that can remotely control the TV.
After the efforts of his staff, a wired remote-control was finally developed. After the device was
released, it provided great convenience to users, but quickly revealed its shortcomings. The
remote-control wire was too inconvenient. People often stumbled over it. Since then, various
methods such as light or sounds sensors were proposed. Later, ultrasonic remote controllers
were finally developed. With the advancements of circuit technology and infrared technology,
remote controls were becoming more and more advanced. An infrared remote control is
hardly subject to external interference, and its applications were extended to TVs and then
various other home appliances.

Daily ation
Applic When we hear of remote-controls nowadays,
everyone will assume it is some form of wireless
transmitter.
When a button is pressed, the chip will automatically
detect the message on the button for encoding, and then send
the infrared signal through the IR diode; after the receiving device
detects the optical signal, the receiver converts it into an electrical signal, and
then follows the instruction to control the household appliance. Your micro:bit
also has the function of a remote-control. Just write the desired control method
in advance, then use the broadcast function.

ing
torm
Brains
In daily life, in addition to remote controls, what other
devices use the principle of wireless transmission?

111
Parts List
1 2 12 13 14 23 24 27 28 54

x15 x5 x2 x2 x3 x2 x2 x2 x1 x1

57 58 59 62 65 66 67 69

x4 x2 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2

1 2

3 4

112
 18 Motion Sensing
Remote-Control

Front View

59

58

6
7

113
 8

59 Front View

58

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on fixing the LED covers.

10

Sensor-b

Sensor-a
Light-b
D C B A

Light-a H G F E

Light-b

5V
GND

Sensor-b
Sensor-a
Light-a

114
 18 Motion Sensing
Remote-Control
Program Example
Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

Model
Operation Video

115
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Observe what happens when you move your micro:bit
e
Exp at different angles. How much do you have to move it?
Is there a minimum? Try to control the direction of the
snake on your display.

H an
Cre ds-on
Modify the model to make a remote control that ativ
ity
can be used with one hand.

ation
alu
Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

116
 19 Max Bot
Scientific
Application Artificial Intelligence

The new world of AI (artificial intelligence) is coming.

Nowadays, we often hear about robots, artificial
intelligence, algorithms, and the Internet of Things.
While everyone is still confused by most of these
terms, the media has frequently reported that in the
future, most human work will be done by robots.
Why are robots awesome? Because they also have
a brain (AI)! However, like IQ, AI also has high
and low scores in different categories. The quality
of a robot depends on its AI. Big data is like books
that AI reads into the brain. The more data, the
richer the experience of the robot. Algorithms are like the nerves in a robot’s brain that specialize
in digesting big data. When the sensors receive external information, or when the Internet of
Things gets new data, algorithms are responsible for interpreting the signal and then reacting or
producing a result. Algorithms are very important. Smart robots rely on smart AI, and smart AI
must have good algorithms. Once you can write a program, you can create your own algorithm.
AI not only defeats human brains in various chess / board games, but can also self-learn tasks
that have not previously been given to it. There is also a trend of personalization. Nowadays,
in Saudi Arabia and Japan, AI robots have obtained citizenship and
residency rights, making movie scenes actually appear in real life.

Daily ation
Applic Comparisons of tracks and wheels: Wheeled
vehicles use a steering method to turn, they
are faster, and the driving and suspension
systems are of a relatively low cost. Because
their characteristics are close to general civilian vehicles,
personnel training and corrective maintenance are relatively
easy; while tracked vehicles use a slipping method to turn, they can be
rotated in situ, with high friction, low grounding pressure and high load
capacity. It is not easily restricted by the road environment and can be
used off-road.

ing
torm
Brains
What type of jobs can't be replaced by artificial intelligence?

117
 Parts List
1 2 6 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 24

x23 x9 x2 x2 x4 x4 x2 x4 x2 x3 x3 x2 x3 x2

26 31 32 33 35 41 42 48 49 54

x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x4 x2 x1

55 56 57 58 59 62 63 64 65 66 67

x2 x4 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x2 x1 x1 x1

m m 22
30

6 3
m
2 70m

60
mm
17
Front side
35
mm

4
Front side
6

70
mm

mm
17 60
mm 18
35

118
 19 Max Bot

6 7

22

22

8
48 ×1
49 ×2

9 ×2
10

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on connecting the belt.

11
21

119
 13 59
How to adjust motors to vertical position

12 58

57 Please make sure the hole on

57 motors are vertical.

18

14

Please refer to p.126 for tips

on fixing the LED covers.

Motor-c

Motor-b Motor-a
15
16

Light-a Light-b

21

D C B A

Light-a H G F E

Light-b Motor-b

Motor-a

5V
GND

Motor-c

120
 19 Max Bot

Done

Smart Manual
Web Service

※ You may need a flashlight

to run the model properly.
Model
Operation Video

Program Example

121
 n d s-on t
H a rimen Change the length of the belt and compare the differences
e
Exp in movement when use two 20T BELT and one 21T BELT, or
when you use one 20T BELT and two 21T BELT. Record the
differences.

H an
Cre ds-on
Modify the model & program to turn a crawler ativ
ity
robot into a tracking robot.

ation
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Ev 1 2 3
Model Experiment Model
Assembled Complete Creation

122
 20 Monograph 4

Please use the things you’ve learned so far to design a

robotic arm that can be remotely controlled. Mod
Revi el
ew

16. Telegraph Machine 17. Robotic Arm

18. Motion Sensing Remote Control 19. Max Bot

123
 ign
Des cept
Con

ua tion
val
My Artwork E 1
Model

2
Design

Model

3
Creation

Winner!
124
 Appendix - Paper Card
L6 Surveyor’s Measuring Wheel Please photocopy the picture to use.

125
L9 Microcomputer Plotter Please photocopy the picture to use.
(It is recommended that you use firm
paper, or paper with card underneath.)

TIPS AND TRICKS:

How to replace the lampshade How to connect the BELT

press press

OK

126
 MADE IN TAIWAN

© 2021 Genius Toy Taiwan Co., Ltd. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED R21# 1269 -3