The self is highlighted as the
The self is used as an “object”.
“actor”.
• Some believed that the self is a product of natural
processes to which people are inherently predisposed.
• The self is studied structurally and functionally.
• The natural basis of the self is anchored on BIOLOGY,
and explains that human traits are passed from one
generation to another.
• GENETICS- primarily deals with heredity as a process, as
well as with the characterizations.
• Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is
influenced by genetic inheritance and other
biological factors.
• Those who adopt an extreme hereditary position
are known as nativists. Their basic assumption is
that the characteristics of the human species as a
whole are a product of evolution and that individual
differences are due to each person’s unique genetic
code.
• Freud’s theory of aggression as being an innate
drive (called Thanatos) (Mcleod, 2024).
• Self is viewed as the product of various
nurturing factors in the context of one’s life.
• Social Sciences have provided a plethora of
insights and explanations about the self, both
on the micro and macro levels.
• Different social sciences stress how group life
(formal and informal) affects the attitude and
behavior of the individual, and emphasize on
the impact of various social institutions to the
self-construct of a person.
• Contrary to nativists, are empiricists or the
environmentalists.
• Their basic assumption is that at birth, the human
mind is a tabula rasa (a blank slate) and that this is
gradually “filled” as a result of experience (e.g.,
behaviorism).
• Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory states that
aggression is learned from the environment through
observation and imitation. This is seen in his famous
bobo doll experiment (Bandura, 1961) ((Mcleod, 2024).
• In general, ‘identity’ is used to refer to one's social ‘face’ –
how one perceives how one is perceived by others. ‘Self’ is
generally used to refer to one's sense of ‘who I am and what
I am’ (Hammel, 2006).
• Both the concepts of self and identity evolve out of social
interaction (Millward & Kelly 2003), but because we are not
merely ‘stamped out’ by society, we are active participants
in our own self/identity construction (Bakhurst & Sypnowich
1995, Sartre 1956).
• IDENTITY- “the qualities, beliefs,
etc., that make a particular person
or group different from others …or
the distinguishing character or
personality of the individual
(Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
• Identity distinguishes or compares
one from another.
•
•
• Developmental and social scientists
have identified SOCIAL FACTOR as an
agent of one’s being. This are
influences of the significant people in
one’s life.
• Family, Peers, School, Church,
Neighbors, etc.)
• As the child expands their social
connections, more and more
characteristics are being integrated.
• The process of building up one’s identity
becomes more complex and dynamic, but all
these things happen unnoticeably and
many instances, unconsciously.
• The process of character and
traits integration as the
formation of personality.
• Personality is the individual
patterns of thinking, feeling,
and behaving.
• One may share commonalities
with other, but will still possess
an identity that sets them
apart form others.
• These INFLUENTIAL SOCIAL GROUPS
shape one’s identity through
MODELLING, IMITATION, TRAITS
INTEGRATION.
• MODELLING- When a person observes
the behavior of another and then
imitates that behavior, they are
modeling the behavior. This is
sometimes known as observational
learning or social learning
• IMITATION- The exact replication of something
(behavior)
A model is necessary.
• IMITATION
• Broadly includes physical
and communal elements
present in everyday
surroundings, and are
invariably dealt with by
individuals in a specific
geographic region or area.
• HEREDITY- a biological
process by which certain
traits and characteristics
are passed from one
generation to another.
• Relatively fixed and
permanent.
• It refers to the inclination of a person
to form and construct a specific self-
concept that will set them apart from
others.
• Social scientists like sociologists may
refer to these individuals as non-
conformists or deviants.
Multiple Choice
1.) This concept believed that the self is a product of
natural processes to which people are inherently
predisposed.
a. Nature
b. Nurture
c. Personality
d. Natural Identity
Multiple Choice
1.) This concept believed that the self is a product of
natural processes to which people are inherently
predisposed.
a. Nature
b. Nurture
c. Personality
d. Natural Identity
Multiple Choice
2.) Self is viewed as the product of various nurturing
factors in the context of one’s life.
a. Nature
b. Nurture
c. Personality
d. Environmental Influence
Multiple Choice
2.) Self is viewed as the product of various nurturing
factors in the context of one’s life.
a. Nature
b. Nurture
c. Personality
d. Environmental Influence
Multiple Choice
3.) ______ distinguishes or compares one from
another.
a. Trait
b. Attitude
c. Personality
d. Identity
Multiple Choice
3.) ______ distinguishes or compares one from
another.
a. Trait
b. Attitude
c. Personality
d. Identity
Multiple Choice
4.) This are influences of the significant people in
one’s life.
a. Environmental Factors
b. Social Factors
c. Significant Factors
d. Global Factors
Multiple Choice
4.) This are influences of the significant people in
one’s life.
a. Environmental Factors
b. Social Factors
c. Significant Factors
d. Global Factors
Multiple Choice
5.) It is the individual patterns of thinking, feeling,
and behaving.
a. Personality
b. Identity
c. Self
d. Individual differences
Multiple Choice
5.) It is the individual patterns of thinking, feeling,
and behaving.
a. Personality
b. Identity
c. Self
d. Individual differences
