Subject Name: Measurement and Instruments
Subject Code: BE03000031
SEMESTER: 03
Assignment: 01
Submission date: 22.08.2025
Q1. Introduction to Measurement
(a) Define measurement. Discuss the need for measurement in science and engineering.
(b) Explain the methods of measurement with suitable examples.
(c) Classify instrument systems and explain any two in detail.
Q2. Types of Instruments
(a) Differentiate between absolute instruments and secondary instruments with examples.
(b) Write short notes on:
(i) Null type and deflection type instruments
(ii) Analog and digital instruments
(c) Draw a neat block diagram showing the elements of an instrument system and
explain briefly.
Q3. Experimental Data Recording & Reporting
(a) Explain the importance of proper measurement recording in experiments.
(b) Discuss different methods of reporting experimental data.
(c) Present the following data graphically and comment on the trend:
Readings of current (mA): 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
Corresponding voltage (V): 2, 3.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.0
Q4. Precision, Accuracy, Resolution & Sensitivity
(a) Define the following terms with examples: precision, accuracy, resolution, sensitivity.
(b) A voltmeter has a least count of 0.1 V and shows a reading of 10.2 V when the true value is
10.0 V. Calculate the absolute error, relative error, and percentage error.
Q5. Errors in Measurement
(a) Classify errors in measurement and explain: gross errors, systematic errors, random
errors.
(b) A true value of resistance is 100 Ω. Three observations are taken as 98 Ω, 101 Ω, and 99 Ω.
calculate the mean value, absolute error, and percentage error.
(c) Suggest practical methods to minimize each type of error.
Q6. Statistical Evaluation of Data (14 marks)
(a) Explain the role of statistics in analyzing measurement data.
(b) Define arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard deviation.
(c) For the following set of readings: 20, 22, 21, 23, 22, calculate Mean and Standard deviation.
Q7. Errors in Measurement and Statistical Evaluation
(a) Define systematic error, random error, and gross error with suitable examples.
(b) A set of experimental measurements (in mm) for the length of a rod are:
50.1, 49.9, 50.3, 50.0, 50.2
Calculate the mean value and absolute error.
Determine the standard deviation.
Explain how precision, accuracy, resolution, and sensitivity are affected by
measurement errors.