BLOCK-08

119
MODULE NO. 16:
Neoplasia

120
 MODULE RATIONALE
Neoplasia module is essential to provide MBBS students with the knowledge and skills abilities
necessary to comprehend the biological, clinical, and public health aspects of cancer. this module
provides the foundation for effective cancer diagnosis, management, and prevention, it
guarantees that our future doctor is well prepared to address one of the most pressing healthcare
challenges of our time.
Aim of this module is to provide MBBS students with a comprehensive understanding of neoplasia,
preparing them to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer effectively in their future clinical practice.

MODULE OUTCOMES
 Understand the basic concept of neoplasia, including benign and malignant tumors.
 Describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including the role of
genetic mutations, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and environmental factors
 Understand the classification of tumors based on histology, site of origin, and grading/staging
systems (TNM classification).
 Explain the biological mechanisms of tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis
 Explain the role of the immune system in tumor recognition and immune evasion mechanisms
by cancer cells.
 Understand the general principles of cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy,
radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
 Understand how to utilize diagnostic tools, such as imaging and pathology (biopsy), to identify
and assess neoplasms.
 Communicate effectively with patients and families about cancer diagnosis, treatment

SUBJECTS INTEGRATED IN THE MODULE

1. Pathology
2. Pharmacology
3. Radiology
4. Oncology
5. Community Medicine
6. Behavioral Sciences
7. Biochemistry
8. Surgery

121
 IMPLEMENTATION TORs

 The time calculation for completion of modules and blocks is based on 35 hours per week.
Total hours of teaching, learning and formative/summative internal assessment to be
completed in a year are 1200.
 The hours mentioned within each module are the mandatory minimum required. The rest of
the hours are left to the discretion of the institution that can be used in teaching, learning and
assessment as per decision of the institutional academic council.
 The content and the intended learning outcomes written are mandatory, to be taught, at the
level required, as the end year assessment will be based on these.
 However, the level of cognition can be kept at a higher level by the institution.
 The Table of Specifications provided will be used for the three papers of the first professional
examination. The same table of specifications should be used for the respective three block
exams for internal assessment.

122
SYLLABUS

123
 THEORY

PATHOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 15
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Define neoplasia, Nomenclature and difference

Nomenclature.
between benign and malignant tumors based on
N-Pa-001 benign and
morphological and functional characteristics and malignant
tumours.
epidemiology of cancer.
Understand the molecular basis of cancer and
pathogenesis of neoplasia, including the role of Difference
between
genetic mutations, oncogenes, tumor suppressor
carcinoma and
genes, mechanisms of cell cycle dysregulation, sarcoma and
N-Pa-002 pathways of
apoptosis evasion, angiogenesis in tumor
spread of
progression and metastasis Differentiate malignant
tumours.
Carcinomas, Sarcomas and lymphoreticular
neoplasm

N-Pa-003 Carcinogenic agents with their cellular interactions. Carcinogenesis

Pathology
Describe the role of diagnostic tools like biopsy,
histopathology with IHC (Immuno-histochemistry)
N-Pa-004 Tumor markers
and special stains and molecular diagnostics with
common tumor markers.
Grading and staging of tumors and treatment
strategies. Grading and
N-Pa-005 Staging
Understand the concept of invasion and metastasis Invasion and
metastasis
Basic tumor markers

N-Pa-006 Molecular basis of cancer Molecular basis

of cancer
Define and describe Paraneoplastic syndrome and
N-Pa-007 Paraneoplastic
associate with neoplastic lesions. syndrome

124
 BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
TOTAL HOURS = 01
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Discuss improvement in quality of life, holistic care
for terminal cancer patient
Discuss palliative care (pain management, Psychosocial
Behavioural aspect of
N-BhS-001
psychological support). Sciences oncology /
Understand the importance of mental health cancer

support for cancer patients.

BIOCHEMISTRY
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Discuss molecular changes in oncogenes, tumor,
N-B-001 suppressor genes, and apoapsis mechanism. Biochemistry Oncology /
cancer
Explain Role of epigenetics in cancer development.

RADIOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Introduction to Radiological Modalities in Oncology

Understand the different radiological imaging

techniques used in cancer management:
i. X-rays
N-M-001 ii. Ultrasound Introduction
iii. CT scans (Computed Tomography) Medicine

iv. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

v. PET scans (Positron Emission
Tomography)
vi. Mammography

N-Ra-001 Role of Imaging in Cancer Detection and Diagnosis Role of

Imaging

125
 i. Identify radiological signs of cancer in
different imaging modalities.
ii. Understand how imaging assists in detecting
primary tumors and metastasis.
iii. Compare the sensitivity and specificity of
different imaging techniques in diagnosing
various types of cancer (e.g., CT vs. MRI for
brain tumors).
Imaging in Cancer Staging:
i. Learn the importance of imaging in staging
cancer (TNM system).
ii. Understand how radiological imaging helps
determine the extent of local, regional, and Imaging
distant disease spread.
iii. Role of CT, MRI, and PET scans in staging
cancers like lung cancer, breast cancer, and
colorectal cancer.
Imaging-Guided Procedures
i. Introduction to imaging-guided diagnostic
procedures (e.g., CT or ultrasound-guided
biopsy).
N-Ra-002 ii. Learn how interventional radiology aids in
both diagnosis and treatment, such as tumor
ablation and drainage procedures.
. Imaging in Treatment Planning:

i. Role of imaging in planning surgical

interventions, radiotherapy, and other
treatments.
ii. Understand how imaging assists in
monitoring tumor size, location, and
response to therapy.
iii. Discuss the use of PET/CT scans in
assessing the metabolic activity of tumors to
guide treatment decisions.

126
 Follow-up and Monitoring

i. Importance of radiological imaging in follow-

up after cancer treatment (e.g., detecting
recurrence or metastasis). Follow up &
N-Ra-003
monitoring
ii. Learn how imaging changes guide
alterations in treatment plans.
iii. Understand the concept of surveillance
imaging for cancer patients in remission.
Radiological Signs of Cancer Complications.
Recognize radiological findings associated with
complications like:
N-Ra-004 i. Tumor obstruction Complications
ii. Bone metastasis
iii. Brain metastasis
iv. Vascular invasion or thrombosis

PHARMACOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 10
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

Patho physiology cell cycle

N-Ph-001 Cell cycle
Abnormalities in cell cycle leading to oncogenesis

Cell Cycle specific and non-specific anti-tumour

agent mechanism of action, adverse effect,
indication drugs interaction of various class of
chemotherapeutic agents. Pharmacology
Cell Cycle
Drugs for palliative therapy in various tumours specific and
N-Ph-002 non-specific
Drugs related with rehabilitation.
anti-tumour
Drugs used during phases of radiotherapy e.g agent

tumour lysis syndrome

Drugs used beside surgical resection of various
tumour to treat complications.

127
 Glucocorticoids as part of various anti-cancer
cocktails.

SURGERY
TOTAL HOURS = 01
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Understand the principles of oncologic surgery,
including when and how surgery is indicated during
Principles of
N-S-001 the treatment Surgery oncologic
Identify role of surgery, techniques, indicators for surgery
curative and palliative surgery.

COMMUNITY MEDICINE
TOTAL HOURS = 01
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Define cancer screening and its important
Explain methods of screening for common cancers Community Screening
N-CM-001
Major risk factors for cancer. Medicine /prevention
Preventive and control measures.

MEDICINE / ONCOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 04
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Presenting Problems of Cancer Patients and clinical
examination of patients on Cancer Treatment
N-M-002 Presenting
Understand the examination (important clinical problems
signs of patients with cancer)
Risk factors for Cancer Development
Medicine &
N-M-003 oncology Risk factors
Understand and interpret the environment and
genetic factors involved in Cancer development
Investigations in Cancer patients
N-M-004 Will be able to understand & interpret various Investigation
investigations required for Cancer patients

128
 Oncological Emergencies & Paraneoplastic
syndrome

N-M-005 Paraneoplastic
Understand & interpret various ecologic syndrome
emergencies, metastasis of tumours, and
Paraneoplastic
Therapeutic in Oncology

N-M-006 Will be able to understand and Interpret Various Therapeutics

Therapeutic options like surgery, radiotherapy,
chemotherapy, and palliative.

PRACTICAL / LAB WORK

PATHOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 06
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Morphological features of Benign and Malignant
tumours (Gross and Microscopic features)

Common Benign tumours (Lipoma, Leiomyoma, Nomenclature,

Difference
Fibroadenoma of Breast)
between
N-Pa-008
benign and
Carcinoma in situ (DCIS & Bowens disease) malignant
Pathology
tumours
Common Malignant tumours (Adenocarcinoma,
Squamous cell carcinoma)

Tumour grade and stage in malignant tumours

Adenocarcinoma / Squamous cell carcinoma Clinical aspects
N-Pa-009
of Neoplasia
(including tumour invasion and metastasis)

129
 Neoplasia
Pharmacology
Pathology
5% 5%
0%
0%
2% 24% Community Medicine
10%
0% Forensic Medicine
2%
0%
2%
Behvaioural Sciences
Psychiatry
50% Family Medicine
General Medicne
General Surgery
Paediatrics

Module Weeks Recommended Minimum

Hours

1.2 42

130
 MODULE NO. 17:
Infectious Diseases

131
 MODULE RATIONALE

Infectious diseases pose a universal threat to human health, ranging from mild to life-threatening
conditions. This module aims to equip students with essential knowledge of common infections,
including their transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, while emphasizing
the importance of infection control and biosafety. Students will learn the pathophysiology of
conditions such as sepsis, septic shock, and pyrexia of unknown origin, as well as viral, bacterial,
fungal, protozoal, and helminthic infections. Integrating infection control and biosafety into the
curriculum, the module covers core safety principles like proper handling of biological materials,
risk mitigation strategies, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), ensuring that
students develop the skills to manage infections effectively while safeguarding public and
healthcare worker safety through preventive measures such as immunization and sterilization.
This comprehensive approach fosters a deeper understanding of clinical decision-making,
laboratory investigations, and public health initiatives in infectious disease management.

MODULE OUTCOMES
 Demonstrate a systematic approach to assessing patients with suspected infections, including
pyrexia of unknown origin and sepsis, while adhering to biosafety protocols to minimize the
risk of infection transmission during patient evaluation.
 Diagnose common viral infections such as measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, influenza,
COVID-19, and dengue based on clinical features and diagnostic tools, applying biosafety
measures during sample collection and handling.
 Outline treatment options, including antiviral therapies, supportive care, and preventive
measures (e.g., immunization) for viral infections.
 Diagnose and manage gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections such as
pharyngitis, pneumonia, enteric fever, and meningitis.
 Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of clostridial infections (botulism,
gas gangrene) and sexually transmitted infections like syphilis.
 Recognize the clinical features and management strategies for mycobacterial infections, with
a focus on pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis.
 Identify and manage common fungal infections, including diagnosis, treatment, and preventive
measures.
 Explain the clinical features, investigations, and treatment of protozoal infections such as
amoebiasis and helminthic infections like ascariasis and hookworm.
 Describe the life cycle of helminths and explain how infections like hookworm contribute to
anemia, along with prevention and treatment strategies.

132
 Diagnose and manage acute and chronic diarrhea based on etiologies such as bacterial, viral,
and protozoal infections.
 Discuss strategies for immunization and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases, including
measles, mumps, rubella, and poliomyelitis.
 Apply empirical and definitive treatment protocols for various infectious diseases, including
antibiotic stewardship and antiviral therapies.
 Analyze the epidemiology of diseases like dengue, rabies, and COVID-19, and propose public
health interventions for their control and prevention.
 Describe the role of surgical interventions in infections like hydatid cysts, alongside medical
management approaches.
 Recognize different types of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), associated pathogens,
transmission routes, and prevention strategies.
 Implement effective prevention and control measures for HAI in clinical settings to ensure
patient safety.
 Identify and apply biosafety measures in laboratory and clinical settings to ensure safe
handling of biological materials and minimize bio risk during infectious disease management.
 Evaluate the importance of bio risk management protocols in infection prevention strategies,
focusing on the safe collection, storage, and disposal of biological samples to protect both
healthcare workers and patients.

SUBJECTS INTEGRATED IN THE MODULE

1. Microbiology (Pathology)
2. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
3. Internal Medicine
4. Community Medicine
5. Pead’s Medicine.
6. Surgery
7. Gynecology
8. Infection Control
9. Bio-risk management (Biosafety)
10. Clinical Rotation (CR)

133
 IMPLEMENTATION TORs

 The time calculation for completion of modules and blocks is based on 35 hours per week.
Total hours of teaching, learning and formative/summative internal assessment to be
completed in a year are 1200.
 The hours mentioned within each module are the mandatory minimum required. The rest of
the hours are left to the discretion of the institution that can be used in teaching, learning and
assessment as per decision of the institutional academic council.
 The content and the intended learning outcomes written are mandatory, to be taught, at the
level required, as the end year assessment will be based on these.
 However, the level of cognition can be kept at a higher level by the institution.
 The Table of Specifications provided will be used for the three papers of the first professional
examination. The same table of specifications should be used for the respective three block
exams for internal assessment.

134
SYLLABUS

135
 THEORY

MICROBIOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 53
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Explain the morphological, pathological and diagnostic

aspects of:
Surgery
 Staphylococci.
 Streptococci
 Clostridia
 Bacillus
Microbiology
 Corynebacterium
Bacterial
ID-Pa-  Listeria and Gardnerella infectious
001 Explain the morphological, pathological and diagnostic agents
aspects of;
 Gonococci and meningococci
 E. coli and salmonella,
Microbiology
 Shigella, vibrio, proteus,
 Pseudomonas, H.pylori , campylobacter
 Spirochetes, Mycobacteria
 Chlamydia, rickettsia, actinomycetes
Explain the life cycles and diagnostic aspects of;
 W. bancrofti, D.medinensis, loa loa
 Tenia saginata, tenia solium, echinococcus
Parasitic
ID-Pa- granolosus, D.latum, H.nana Microbiology infectious
002
 Giardia, entamoeba and plasmodium agents

 Leishmania, toxoplasma, trypanosomes,

naegleria.
Explain the morphological, pathological and diagnostic

ID-Pa- aspects of ; Fungal

Microbiology
003  Dermatophytes, malassezia fur fur, Spoorthi, infections
Histoplasma,

136
 Explain the morphological, pathological and diagnostic
aspects of ; Fungal
Microbiology
 coccidioiodes, paracoccidioiodes, blastomyces, infections
candida, mucor, aspergillus, cryptococcus
Explain the morphological, pathological and diagnostic
aspects of;
 Adeno virus, papilloma virus, polyoma virus,
Microbiology
papova virus
 Pox virus, herpes, hepadna
ID-Pa-  Picornavirus, hepevirus, calicivirus, reovirus Viral infectious
004 agents
Explain the morphological, pathological and diagnostic
aspects of;
 Retrovirus, flaviviruses, togaviruses Microbiology
 Coronavirus, delta virus, paramyxovirus,
rhabdovirus, orthomyxovirus, filovirus

Enlist organisms producing CNS infections.

Correlate clinically the following bacteria via their

virulence factors, transmission, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis in CNS infections;
 Strept. pneumoniae
Microbiology
 Strept. agalactiae
 Nisseria meningitidis
Microorganism
ID-Pa-  Haemophilus influenzae
s producing
005
 E. coli CNS infections
 L. monocytogenes
 Myocbacterium tuberculosis
Correlate clinically the following microbes via their
virulence factors, transmission, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis in CNS infections;
Microbiology
 Enteroviruses
 Mumps
 Herpes simplex

137
  Adenovirus
 C. neoformans
 Rabies
 Herpes simplex
 Malaria
 Toxoplasma
 Negleria
Compare CSF findings of viral and bacterial meningitis. Microbiology

Enlist organisms producing diarrhea & food poisoning. Microbiology

Correlate clinically the following microbes via their
virulence factors, transmission, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis in GIT infections;
 E. coli
 B.cereus
 Salmonella Microbiology
integrates with
 Shigella
medicine
 Vibrio cholerae& other Vibrio species
 Helicobacter pylori
 Camplylobacter jejuni
 Clostridium species Microorganism
ID-Pa-
 Entamoeba histolytica s producing
006
GIT infections
Correlate clinically the following microbes via their
virulence factors, transmission, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis in GIT infections
 Giardia lamblia
 Cryptosporidium parvum
 Diphyllobothrium latum Microbiology
integrates with
 Hymenolepis nana
medicine
 Ancylostoma duodenale
 Necator americanus
 Ascaris lumbricoides
 Entrobius vermicularis
 Trichiuris trichiura

138
  Trichinella spiralis
 Polio
 Hepatitis A, E
 Norwalk & Rotavirus
Correlate clinically the following viruses via their
virulence factors, transmission, pathogenesis,
Microbiology
laboratory diagnosis in acute & chronic hepatitis;
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G
Correlate clinically the virulence factors, transmission,
pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba & Microbiology
Echinococcus in liver infections.
Correlate clinically the virulence factors, transmission,
pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of organism
causing genital tract infections;
 Nisseria gonorrhoea
 Treponema pallidum
 Chlamydia trachomatis
ID-Pa- Microbiology Sexually
007  Mycoplasma hominis integrates with transmitted
 Candida albicans medicine infections

 Trichomonas vaginalis
 Gardnerella vaginalis
 Hepatitis B
 HIV
 Herpes simplex –II
Discuss important properties of:
 Rickettsia,
ID-Pa-  Leptospira& Brucella, ZOONOTIC
Microbiology
008 infections
 anthrax, plague.
 Francisella, bartonella

139
 PHARMACOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 18
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

Classify cell wall synthesis inhibitors.

Discuss the mechanism of action of beta lactam

antibiotics (Penicillin G, V, Oxacillin, Nafcillin,
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin).
Cell Wall
Delineate the mechanism of resistance to beta lactam
Inhibitors
antibiotics.

Enlist the major adverse effects of penicillin

Differentiate the clinical uses of beta lactam antibiotics.

Discuss the mechanism of action and clinical

significance of Beta Lactamase Inhibitors (Clavulanic
acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam, Avibactam,
Vaborbactam)

ID-Ph- Classify cephalosporin generations Pharmacology

001
Describe their antibacterial spectrum and clinical uses.

Differentiate the clinical uses of cephalosporin

generations
Cell Wall
List the major adverse effects of cephalosporins.
Inhibitors
Describe important features of the carbapenems and
monobactam.
Describe the mechanism of action of Membrane active
antibiotics (daptomycin, Fosfomycin, bacitracin,
cycloserine).
Describe the mechanism of resistance of Membrane
active antibiotics.
Describe the adverse effects and toxicities of
Membrane active antibiotics.

140
 Describe antibacterial spectrum, mechanism of
action, resistance, clinical uses and toxicity of
vancomycin.

Discuss clinical features of Redman Syndrome.

Describe antibacterial spectrum, mechanism of

action of Teicoplanin, Telavancin, Delbavancin,
Oritavancin.

Explain briefly the major steps of protein synthesis. Medicine

Classify protein synthesis inhibitors.

Demonstrate the tetracyclines and discuss

mechanism of action, resistance, antibacterial
spectrum, clinical uses,
adverse effects of tetracyclines.

Outline features of Milk Alkali Syndrome

List pharmacological indication and adverse effects of

Glycylcycline.
Classify Macrolide/ Ketolide. Protein
ID-Ph-
Describe the mechanism of action and Synthesis
002
Inhibitors
pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectrum, clinical
uses, adverse effects of Erythromycin, Clarithromycin,
Azithromycin, Fidaxomycin. Medicine
Enlist mechanism of resistance & drug interactions of
Macrolides.
Describe the antibacterial spectra, therapeutic uses
and side effects of Ketolides (Telithromycin,
solithromycin)
Discuss the main characteristics of Clindamycin
including mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics,
clinical uses and adverse effects.

141
Explain Chloramphenicol with respect to its:
mechanism of action, resistance, antibacterial
spectrum, pharmacokinetics,
clinical uses and adverse effects.

Describe Gray Baby Syndrome.

Enlist major pharmacokinetic characteristics of

Streptogramins (Quinupristin / dalfopristin).

Classify Antifolate drugs.

Define Sulfonamides. Integrate with

pediatrics
Discuss the classification of Sulfonamides.

Describe the mechanism of action of Sulfonamides.

Discuss the clinical uses of Sulfonamides.

Describe the adverse effects and toxicities of

Sulfonamides.
Outline clinical features of Steven Johnsons
Syndrome.
Explain Trimethoprim & Trimethoprim -
Sulfamethoxazol with respect to their mechanism of
actions, resistance, antibacterial spectrum,
pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and adverse effects
Define Aminoglycosides.

Classify Aminoglycosides.
Integrate with
Describe the mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides
Medicine
(amikacin, gentamycin, streptomycin, tobramycin,
neomycin, kanamycin).
Describe the mechanism of resistance of
Aminoglycosides.
Discuss the clinical uses of
Aminoglycosides.
Describe the adverse effects and toxicities of
Aminoglycosides.

142
 Discuss ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of
Aminoglycosides

Define DNA Gyrase Inhibitors.

Discuss the classification of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors.

Describe the mechanism of action of DNA Gyrase

Inhibitors (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Integrate with
Medicine
Getifloxacin and others)
Describe the mechanism of resistance of DNA Gyrase
Inhibitors.

Discuss the clinical uses of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors.

Describe the adverse effects and toxicities of DNA

Gyrase Inhibitors.
Briefly describe the signs, symptoms, diagnosis of
tuberculosis. Integrate with
Classify antituberculosis drugs into 1st line and 2nd Medicine
line agents with examples.
Describe standard protocols (WHO recommendation)
for management of newly diagnosed pulmonary
tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, latent
tuberculosis.
Delineate the characteristic pharmacodynamics and Antituberculosi
ID-Ph-
s Therapy
003 pharmacokinetic properties of Rifampin, Isoniazid,
(ATT)
Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide.
Discuss the adverse effects of 1st Integrate with
Community
line antituberculosis drugs.
Medicine
Describe how to monitor patients during
antituberculosis drug therapy.
Discuss 2nd line drugs used in treatment of Multidrug
resistant tuberculosis with their therapeutic and
adverse effects.

ID-Ph- Explain standard protocols (WHO recommendation) Drugs used in

004 for management of leprosy. Leprosy

143
 Describe the characteristic properties of dapsone and
clofazimine with their adverse effects.

Classify Antiprotozoal Drugs.

Discuss the classification of Antimalarial agents.

Describe the mechanism of action of Antimalarial

agents.
Describe the mechanism of resistance of Antimalarial
agents.

Discuss the clinical uses of Antimalarial agents.

Describe the adverse effects and toxicities of

ID-Ph- Antiprotozoal
Antimalarial agents.
005 Drugs
Discuss the main characteristics of antiprotozoal
drugs used in amoebiasis & giardiasis including
mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses
and adverse effects.

Discuss the main characteristics of antiprotozoal

drugs used in treatment of Leishmaniasis.

Discuss the main characteristics of antiprotozoal

drugs used in treatment of Trypanosomiasis.

Classify anti-helmintic drugs.

Discuss drugs used for the treatment of Nematodes.

Explain mechanisms of action, clinical uses, adverse Integrate with

effects of Mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate, Medicine /
ID-Ph- Pead’s Anti-Helminthic
Piperazine,
006 Drugs
Diethylcarbamazine & Ivermectin.
Discuss drugs used for the treatment for Tape worm
(cestodes) infection.
Explain mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and
adverse effects of drugs used in cestodes infections.

144
 Distinguish the drugs used for the treatment of
Cestodes infection based on their characteristics and
therapeutic uses.
Discuss drugs used in treatment of
Neurocysticercosis.

Classify antifungal drugs.

Discuss drugs used for systemic mycotic infections.

Discuss mechanisms of action &

resistance, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse
effects of Amphotericin B.
Expalin the mechanism of action, uses and adverse
effects of flucytosine.

Classify Azole antifungal drugs.

Discuss mechanism of action, resistance, antifungal

spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse
effects and drug interactions of Azole antifungal drugs.
Describe important pharmacologic properties of
Medicine /
echinocandins. Pead’s Antifungal
ID-Ph-
Discuss the drugs used for mucocutaneous mycotic Drugs
007
Classification
infections.
Discuss mechanism of action, resistance, antifungal
spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse
effects and drug
interactions of Griseofulvin. and Terbinafine.

Discuss the drugs used for cutaneous mycotic

infections / Topical agents.

Discuss mechanism of action, resistance, antifungal

spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse
effects of drugs used in cutaneous mycotic infections.
Discuss mechanism of action, resistance, antifungal
spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse
effects of Nystatin.

145
 Discuss the main steps of viral replication that are
targets for antiviral drugs.

Describe drugs used in treatment of herpes simplex

and varicella zoster virus infection with their properties.

Explain the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics

and adverse effects of acyclovir, valacyclovir and
famciclovir.
Explain the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics
and adverse effects of agents used in cytomegalovirus
infection.

Classify antiretroviral agents.

Discuss mechanism of action, resistance,

ID-Ph- pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse effects of Antiviral Agents
008
NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs, INSTIs, Fusion inhibitors, CCR5
coreceptor antagonist, CD4 post-attachment inhibitors.
Demonstrate the standard protocol for treatment of
hepatitis B and C.

Describe pharmacodynamics and adverse effects of

interferon, entacavir, tenofovir, ribavirin and others.

Describe the mechanism of action of drugs used in

treatment of COVID-19 and influenza along with their
adverse effects.
Briefly discuss antiretroviral drug used in treatment of
HIV AIDS.
Describe the significant characteristics of the five
groups of drugs used in HIV AIDs.

COMMUNITY MEDICINE
TOTAL HOURS = 06
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
ID-CM- Analyze the local & global burden of Tuberculosis Integrate with
Tuberculosis
001 Identify the risk factors of TB Microbiology

146
 Identify prevention and control measures for
Pulmonary TB in line with WHO strategies for control
of TB
Appreciate significance of TB DOTS therapy for TB
control

Discuss the global burden of hepatitis

Discuss the importance of awareness & screening of

hepatitis.
Analyze effective prevention methods for each type of
hepatitis.
ID-CM-
Discuss role of vaccination Hepatitis
002

Explain public health initiatives for prevention and

control of hepatitis.
Describe the measures for prevention of vertical
transmission of Hep B virus from mother to child
transmission.

Evaluate the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Analyze the historical and current global impact of

poliomyelitis vaccination efforts.
Evaluate the effectiveness of different poliovirus

ID-CM- vaccines (OPV and IPV) and vaccination schedules.

Polio
003 Discuss community health strategies for poliovirus
surveillance, outbreak response & vaccination
campaigns.

Describe End game strategy by WHO for Polio

eradication

Discuss the global distribution of measles, mumps,

Rubella and their occurrence in different population
groups Measles,
ID-CM-
Mumps,
004 Describe the mode of transmission (airborne droplets)
Rubella
and the highly contagious nature of measles, mumps, Integrate with
Microbiology
Rubella
147
 Recognize the role of vaccination coverage and herd
immunity in controlling outbreaks of measles, mumps,
Rubella
Discuss public health strategies for prevention and
control of measles, mumps, Rubella including
vaccination campaigns, surveillance, and outbreak
response.

Describe the goals and objectives of the Expanded

Program of Immunization in Pakistan.
Identify the key vaccines included in the EPI schedule.

Analyze the strategies employed to

implement the EPI in various communities.

Evaluate the role of healthcare workers, community

ID-CM-
leaders, and families in promoting immunization. EPI
005
Identify the common barriers to
immunization coverage in Pakistan

Discuss enhance vaccination uptake.

Discuss recent developments in the EPI, Pakistan

Analyze the potential impact of global health initiatives

on the EPI's progress.
Describe the role of vaccination in preventing
diphtheria, including the DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus,
Pertussis)
Identify the recommended vaccine schedule for
ID-CM-
children and adults. Diphtheria
006
Analyze community-based vaccination campaigns

Analyze public awareness programs & school health

initiatives to control its transmission.
Identify the global distribution of tetanus, including

ID-CM- endemic areas & populations at higher risk

Tetanus
007 Describe the role of tetanus vaccination (Td or Tdap)
in children.

148
 Describe the role of tetanus vaccination in adults.

Discuss the significance of booster doses

Discuss the importance of timely immunization after

potential exposure to contaminated wounds.

Discuss the importance of educating the community

about wound care.

Discuss the significance of seeking medical attention

for injuries.

INTERNAL MEDICINE
TOTAL HOURS = 05
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

Define pyrexia of unknown origin.

Integrate with
ID-Pa-
Describe the investigations of a patient with pyrexia of Microbiology/
009 Pyrexia of
Pathology
unknown origin. unknown origin
ID-Ph- Summarize the treatment plan of a patient with pyrexia Integrate with
009 of unknown origin. Pharmacology
Discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
of septic and aseptic meningitis.
ID-Pa-
Integrate with CNS
013 Discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Microbiology
of septic and aseptic encephalitis.

ID-Ph- Discuss the signs symptoms diagnosis and treatment

GIT infections
010 of diarrhea and dysentery.
Discuss the clinical diagnosis and treatment of typical Integrate with
and atypical pneumonia. Pharmacology Respiratory
ID-Ph-
tract infections
011
Discuss the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TB

149
 GYNAECOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

Discuss clinical presentation & treatment of pelvic Sexually

ID-GO- Integrate with
transmitted
001 inflammatory diseases (PID) Pharmacology
infections

ID-GO- Discuss the differential diagnosis of bacterial, parasitic Integrate with

Genital tract
002 and fungal vaginosis/vaginitis and their treatment Microbiology

PEDIATRICS MEDICINE
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

ID-Pe- Discuss the signs symptoms diagnosis and treatment

CNS
001 of neonatal meningitis.

ID-Pe- Discuss the signs symptoms diagnosis and treatment Integrate with
GIT
002 of diarrhea in infants. Microbiology

ID-Pe- Discuss the clinical diagnosis and treatment of

RTI
003 childhood respiratory tract infections.

SURGERY
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

ID-S- Discuss the treatment of carbuncle, necrotizing fasciitis Integrate with

Skin infections
001 and gas gangrene Microbiology

Discuss the signs symptoms diagnosis and surgical

ID-S- treatment of hydatid cyst and its differential diagnosis Integrate with
GIT
002 Medicine
with amoebic liver abscess

150
 MICROBIOLOGY (INFECTION CONTROL)
TOTAL HOURS = 08
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

Define hospital acquired infections (HAI)

Discuss various types of HAI

Enlist bacteria and fungi associated with HAI

Describe the main routes of transmission of HAI in

detail

Discuss the etiology and prevention of VAP (ventilator

associated pneumonia)
Discuss the etiology and prevention of hospital
acquired UTI Infection
ID-Pa-
Microbiology prevention &
009 Discuss the etiology and prevention of nosocomial control
diarrhea

Discuss the etiology and prevention of central line

associated infections

Discuss various methods of hospital sanitation

Define antimicrobial surfaces and enlist the

microorganisms that are frequently present on touch
surfaces
Describe the various preventive techniques to reduce
the HAI

151
 MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS = 05
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Define biosafety and biosafety levels according to
WHO?
Enlist the bio risk organisms in each of biosafety
levels?
What are 4 levels of biosafety?
Discuss the safety protocols of BSL 1?
Discuss the safety protocols of BSL 2?
Discuss the safety protocols of BSL 3?
Discuss the safety protocols of BSL 4?
Define biological waste?
Bio-risk
ID-Pa- categorize the biological wastes (HAZARDOUS, NON Microbiology management
010
HAZARDOUS, SHARPS)? (BRM)
Describe procedures for segregation, storage,
treatment and disposal of biological waste?
Define spill management and discuss the steps for the
management of a laboratory spill?
Define PPE and discuss the situations under which
PPE should be used by the health care professionals.
Discuss the SOP of transportation of biological
samples?
Define and briefly discuss bio risk management?

152
 PRACTICALS / LAB WORK

MICROBIOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 08
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Identify the stained slides* of gram positive and gram-

negative bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci,
ID-Pa- Neisseria, Strept. pneumoniae, E. coli, proteus and Staining
011
acid fast bacilli). (*if slides will not be available,
photographic slides should be used

ID-Pa- Interpret the culture sensitivity reports and antibiogram Laboratory

012 of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. reporting

Identify and describe the organisms that grow on the Microbiology

ID-Pa- Blood agar, Chocolate agar, nutrient agar, TCBS, Culture

013 MacConkey media, LJ media. CLED, TSI, UREASE, sensitivity
CITRATE. blood culture bottle and anaerobic jar

ID-Pa- Identify the ova, cysts and trophozoites of protozoans, Stool

014 helminths, cestodes and schistosomes. examination

ID-Pa- Perform and interpret the catalase test, coagulase test Laboratory
015 and oxidase test. tests

CLINICAL ROTATIONS / COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE

INTERNAL MEDICINE
TOTAL HOURS = 08
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
ID-M- Demonstrate an accurate and comprehensive history
History taking
001 from patient with fever

ID-M- Perform a thorough general physical examination of a Internal Physical

002 patient with fever medicine Examination

ID-M- Order laboratory and radiological investigations for a

Investigations
003 patient with fever

153
ID-M- Interpret the results of investigations of a patient with
Results
004 fever
Use information from history, physical examination,

ID-M- and laboratory investigations to identify and formulate Differential

005 a differential diagnosis of the underlying causes of diagnosis
fever
Formulate a therapeutic plan by integrating information
ID-M- from history, physical examination, and laboratory data Therapeutic
006 plan
for the management of a patient with fever
Record and present the complete history, physical
examination findings, laboratory data, differential
ID-M- diagnosis, and therapeutic plan in a systematic, Management
007 plan
concise, and coherent manner, both in writing and
orally

154
 Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology
Pathology
2%
2%20%
% 15%
11% Community Medicine
0%
5% Forensic Medicine
Behvaioural Sciences
Psychiatry
63% Family Medicine
General Medicne
General Surgery
Paediatrics

Module Weeks Recommended Minimum

Hours

3.3 117

155
 MODULE NO. 18:
Musculoskeletal &
Locomotion-II

156
 MODULE RATIONALE

The Musculoskeletal & Locomotion II module is designed to deepen medical students'

understanding of the musculoskeletal system, integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines to
enhance the management of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. This module emphasizes
the interconnectedness of various fields, including orthopedics, surgical traumatology, forensic
traumatology, and rheumatology, while also incorporating essential subjects such as pathology,
pharmacology, community medicine, behavioral sciences, radiology, and evidence-based
medicine.
Integrated Learning: This module promotes an integrated approach to understanding the
musculoskeletal system. By combining orthopedics, surgical traumatology, forensic
traumatology, and rheumatology, students will gain a holistic perspective on diagnosis and
treatment, preparing them for the complexities of clinical practice.
Pathology and Pharmacology: Understanding the underlying pathology of musculoskeletal
disorders is essential for effective management. This module emphasizes the importance of
pathology and pharmacology, equipping students with the knowledge to identify disease
mechanisms and select appropriate pharmacological interventions for pain management and
inflammation control.
Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences: Musculoskeletal disorders significantly impact
community health and patient well-being. The module includes community medicine to address
the epidemiology, prevention, and health promotion aspects of musculoskeletal conditions.
Additionally, behavioral sciences will be integrated to enhance understanding of patient behavior,
adherence to treatment, and the psychosocial factors affecting recovery.
Radiology and Evidence-Based Medicine: Proficiency in interpreting radiological findings is
crucial for diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions. The module will cover radiological techniques
relevant to orthopedics and traumatology, allowing students to correlate imaging results with
clinical findings. Furthermore, an emphasis on evidence-based medicine will teach students how
to critically appraise research and apply findings to clinical decision-making, ensuring the delivery
of high-quality patient care.
Real-World Applications: By focusing on both common and complex musculoskeletal disorders,
including those requiring surgical intervention, students will develop the skills necessary to
assess and manage a wide range of conditions. This prepares them for future roles in various
healthcare settings, from primary care to specialized practices.

157
Multidisciplinary Collaboration: The management of musculoskeletal disorders often requires a
team approach, involving collaboration with specialists in orthopedics, rheumatology, radiology,
and rehabilitation. This module fosters an appreciation for interdisciplinary teamwork and the
importance of effective communication in providing optimal patient care.

MODULE OUTCOMES
 Explain the pathology and underlying mechanisms of common musculoskeletal disorders
and injuries, including septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, fractures, and degenerative
conditions.
 Identify key features of various musculoskeletal disorders, including their clinical
presentations, epidemiology, and impact on community health.
 Perform thorough musculoskeletal examinations to assess joint mobility, strength, and
functional capabilities.
 Interpret relevant imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, MRI, CT scans) to aid in the diagnosis and
management of musculoskeletal conditions.
 Apply appropriate first aid measures for common musculoskeletal injuries, including
immobilization techniques and pain management strategies.
 Integrate knowledge from orthopedics, surgical traumatology, forensic traumatology, and
rheumatology to develop comprehensive management plans for patients with
musculoskeletal conditions.
 Collaborate effectively with healthcare professionals from diverse specialties, including
pathology, pharmacology, community medicine, behavioral sciences, and radiology, to
enhance patient care.
 Critically evaluate and apply current evidence-based guidelines and research findings to
inform clinical decision-making in the management of musculoskeletal disorders.
 Formulate treatment plans that incorporate pharmacological and non-pharmacological
interventions based on best practices and individual patient needs.
 Demonstrate empathy and effective communication skills when interacting with patients
suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, ensuring a patient-centered approach to care.
 Educate patients about their conditions, treatment options, and the importance of
adherence to management plans for optimal outcomes.
 Recognize the ethical considerations and challenges in the management of
musculoskeletal disorders, including issues related to informed consent, patient autonomy,
and resource allocation.

158
  Exhibit professionalism in all interactions with patients, families, and healthcare team
members, promoting a culture of respect and trust.

SUBJECTS INTEGRATED IN THE MODULE

1. Orthopedics
2. Rheumatology
3. Surgery/ Traumatology
4. Forensic Traumatology
5. Pathology
6. Pharmacology
7. Community Medicine
8. Behavioural Sciences
9. Radiology
10. Evidence-Based Medicine

159
 IMPLEMENTATION TORs

 The time calculation for completion of modules and blocks is based on 35 hours per week.
Total hours of teaching, learning and formative/summative internal assessment to be
completed in a year are 1200.
 The hours mentioned within each module are the mandatory minimum required. The rest of
the hours are left to the discretion of the institution that can be used in teaching, learning and
assessment as per decision of the institutional academic council.
 The content and the intended learning outcomes written are mandatory, to be taught, at the
level required, as the end year assessment will be based on these.
 However, the level of cognition can be kept at a higher level by the institution.
 The Table of Specifications provided will be used for the three papers of the first professional
examination. The same table of specifications should be used for the respective three block
exams for internal assessment.

160
SYLLABUS

161
 THEORY

RHEUMATOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 17
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Understand the scope and importance of

MS2-Rh- rheumatology.
Introduction to
Rheumatology
001 Recognize common musculoskeletal disorders Rheumatology
managed in rheumatology.
Describe the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid
Arthritis (RA).
Identify clinical features of Rheumatoid Arthritis

MS2-Rh- (RA). Rheumatology, Rheumatoid

002 Explain diagnostic criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis Medicine Arthritis (RA)
(RA).
Differentiate Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) from other
inflammatory joint diseases.

Explain the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis (OA).

Identify clinical manifestations of Osteoarthritis Rheumatology,

(OA). Medicine
MS2-Rh- Discuss diagnostic methods for Osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis
003 (OA)
Explain the community burden of Osteoarthritis
Rheumatology,
(OA).
Community
Identify risk factors for Osteoarthritis (OA). Med

Define Crystal Arthritis, including Gout and

Pseudogout.
Crystal
Describe the pathophysiology of Gout.
MS2-Rh- Rheumatology, Arthritis
004 Medicine (Gout/Pseudo
Describe the pathophysiology of Pseudogout. gout)

Identify clinical features of Gout.

162
 Rheumatology,
Identify clinical features of Pseudogout. Community
Med
Discuss diagnostic tests for Crystal Arthritis.

Differentiate between Gout and Pseudogout based

on clinical and diagnostic findings. Rheumatology,
Medicine
Outline management strategies for Gout.

Outline management strategies for Pseudogout.

Define Systemic Inflammatory Vasculitis.

Describe the pathophysiology of Systemic

Pathology
Inflammatory Vasculitis.

Identify types of Systemic Inflammatory Vasculitis.

Discuss the community burden of Systemic Rheumatology,

Inflammatory Vasculitis. Medicine
Explain risk factors for Systemic Inflammatory Systemic
MS2-Rh-
Vasculitis. Inflammatory
005
Vasculitis
Describe clinical features of Systemic Inflammatory
Pathology
Vasculitis.
Identify diagnostic tests for Systemic Inflammatory
Vasculitis.
Justify the use of diagnostic investigations in Rheumatology,
Systemic Inflammatory Vasculitis. Medicine
Discuss management strategies for Systemic
Medicine
Inflammatory Vasculitis.
Define Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (e.g.,
SLE, Sjogren's, Systemic Sclerosis).
Pathology
Describe the pathophysiology of Systemic Lupus
Autoimmune
MS2-Rh- Erythematosus (SLE).
Rheumatic
006 Identify clinical manifestations of Sjogren's Diseases
Syndrome.
Pathology
Explain the pathophysiology of Systemic Sclerosis.

163
 Discuss treatment options for Polymyositis and
Dermatomyositis.
Rheumatology,
Define Spondylarthritis and its clinical features.
Medicine

Describe clinical features of Spondylarthritis.

Explain diagnostic criteria for Autoimmune

Rheumatic Diseases.
Pathology
Differentiate Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
from each other.
Understand the role of evidence-based medicine in
rheumatology management.
Apply evidence-based guidelines to rheumatology
case studies.
Critically evaluate current research in
rheumatology.
Integrate evidence-based practices into
Rheumatology,
MS2-Rh- rheumatology treatment plans. Evidence-
Integrated EBM
007 Demonstrate the ability to appraise rheumatology Based
research studies. Medicine

Apply evidence-based findings to clinical decision-

making in rheumatology.
Summarize key research advancements in
rheumatology.
Implement evidence-based guidelines in
rheumatology practice.

ORTHOPEDICS
TOTAL HOURS = 14
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE

Define the field of orthopedics and its significance. Orthopedics

MS2-Orth- Introduction to
001 Identify common orthopedic conditions and their Community Orthopedics
impact. Medicine

164
 Explain the classification of fractures using the AO
system.
Fracture
MS2-Orth- Describe principles of fracture healing. Orthopedics,
Classification
002 Radiology
and Healing
Differentiate between complete and incomplete
fractures.

Discuss pediatric fractures and their management.

Orthopedics,
MS2-Orth- Pediatric
Explain Salter-Harris classification for growth plate Pediatrics,
003 Fractures
Rehabilitation
injuries.
Define osteoporotic fractures and their clinical
features.
Orthopedics,
MS2-Orth- Osteoporotic
Identify common sites of osteoporotic fractures. Geriatrics,
004 Fractures
Endocrinology
Discuss risk factors for osteoporosis.

Define pathological fractures and differentiate from

traumatic.

Identify causes of pathological fractures.

Orthopedics,
MS2-Orth- Pathological
Describe diagnostic approaches for pathological Oncology,
005 Fractures
Radiology
fractures.
Explain management options for pathological
fractures.
Orthopedics,
Classify sports injuries and their management.
Sports
Describe common sports injuries in upper and lower Medicine,
Physical
limbs.
Therapy
Discuss pathophysiology of muscle strains and Pathology,
Sports
ligament sprains.
MS2-Orth- Medicine
Biomechanics, Sports Injuries
006
Explain biomechanics of gait and malalignment Orthopedics,
injuries. Sports
Medicine
Outline injury prevention strategies in sports. Physiology,
Sports
Analyze rehabilitation processes for sports injuries. Medicine

165
 Orthopedics,
Discuss use of assistive devices in rehabilitation. Physical
Therapy
Psychology,
Explain psychological impact of sports injuries. Sports
Medicine
Describe nutritional roles in recovery from sports Nutrition,
Sports
injuries.
Medicine
Surgery,
Understand surgical intervention in severe sports Orthopedics,
injuries. Physical
Therapy
Sports
Promote multidisciplinary approach in managing Medicine,
sports injuries. Team
Management
Define genetic conditions: Achondroplasia and
Marfan's Syndrome.
Orthopedics, Genetic
MS2-Orth-
Describe clinical features of Achondroplasia. Genetics, Conditions in
007
Surgery Orthopedics
Explain management of Marfan's Syndrome.

Define scoliosis and its types. Orthopedics,

Rehabilitation
Identify clinical features and screening methods for Orthopedics,
scoliosis. Pediatrics

Discuss treatment options for scoliosis.

Orthopedics,
Recognize multidisciplinary approach in managing Rehabilitation
scoliosis. Bone and
MS2-Orth-
Define Osteogenesis Imperfecta and its genetic Orthopedics, Joint
008
Genetics, Disorders
basis.
Rehabilitation
Identify clinical features and types of Osteogeneses Orthopedics,
Imperfecta. Pediatrics
Discuss management strategies for Osteogenesis Orthopedics,
Imperfecta. Rehabilitation

Educate patients on Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Orthopedics,

Rehabilitation

166
 Orthopedics,
Define Marfan's Syndrome and its genetic basis. Genetics,
Surgery
Identify clinical manifestations of Marfan's Orthopedics,
Syndrome. Cardiology
Discuss management strategies for Marfan's Orthopedics,
Syndrome. Surgery
Promote patient education and support for Marfan's Orthopedics,
Syndrome. Rehabilitation

SURGICAL TRAUMATOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 12
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Trauma
Define ATLS and describe its relevance in trauma Introduction to
MS2-Orth- Surgery,
Surgical
009 management. Surgery,
Traumatology
Orthopedics
Trauma
Explain principles of trauma management and Surgery,
primary survey. Emergency
Medicine
Describe types of injuries managed in traumatology. General
Surgery Introduction to
MS2-Orth- Trauma Trauma
010 Surgery, Management
Discuss multidisciplinary approach in trauma care.
Surgery, & ATLS
Orthopedics
Trauma
Identify key specialties in managing traumatic Surgery,
injuries. Surgery,
Orthopedics
Emergency
Understand ATLS guidelines in primary survey Medicine,
(ABCDE). Trauma
Surgery
Primary
MS2-Orth- Emergency
Survey and
011 Recognize common causes of severe trauma. Medicine,
ATLS
Trauma
Surgery
Apply ATLS principles in conducting primary survey. Emergency
Medicine,

167
 Trauma
Surgery
Identify indications for rapid imaging in trauma Radiology,
Emergency
assessment.
Medicine
Shock
Describe shock recognition and resuscitation Trauma
MS2-Orth- Recognition
Surgery,
012 measures. and
Critical Care
Management
Define Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and classify its Neurology,
severity. Neurosurgery
Describe pathophysiology of primary and Neurosurgery,
secondary brain injury. Pathology
Epidemiology,
Identify common causes of TBI. Emergency
Medicine
Neurology,
Describe clinical features of TBI. Emergency Traumatic
MS2-Orth-
Medicine Brain Injury
013
Explain importance of early imaging for TBI (TBI)
Radiology,
diagnosis. Neurology
Emergency
Discuss ATLS role in TBI management. Medicine,
Trauma
Surgery
Neurology,
Outline complications of TBI. Neurosurgery,
Critical Care
Orthopedics,
Define Neck and Spine Trauma and classify it. Neurosurgery,
Trauma
Surgery
Epidemiology,
Recognize mechanisms of neck and spine trauma. Emergency
MS2-Orth- Medicine Neck and
014 Describe anatomy of spine and spinal cord in Anatomy, Spine Trauma
Orthopedics,
trauma context.
Neurosurgery
Neurology,
Identify clinical features of neck and spine trauma. Emergency
Medicine,
Neurosurgery

168
 Understand importance of immobilization in spinal Emergency
Medicine,
trauma.
Orthopedics
Radiology,
Discuss role of imaging in spinal trauma diagnosis. Orthopedics,
Neurosurgery
Emergency
Recognize role of ATLS in spinal trauma Medicine,
management. Trauma
Surgery
Critical Care,
Outline complications of spine trauma. Neurology,
Rehabilitation
Oral &
Define Maxillofacial Trauma and its classification. Maxillofacial
Surgery,
Plastic Surgery
Epidemiology,
Identify causes of Maxillofacial Trauma. Emergency
Medicine
Explain anatomy relevant to Maxillofacial Trauma. Plastic
Surgery, ENT
Surgery,
Recognize clinical features of facial trauma. Maxillofacial
Surgery, ENT
Identify importance of airway management in facial Emergency
trauma. Medicine
MS2-Orth- Maxillofacial
Radiology,
015 Describe radiological investigations for facial Trauma
Oral &
fractures. Maxillofacial
Surgery
Emergency
Discuss complications of maxillofacial trauma. Medicine,
Plastic
Surgery, ENT
Emergency
Outline ATLS principles in maxillofacial trauma Medicine,
management. Trauma
Surgery
Oral &
Discuss surgical interventions for maxillofacial Maxillofacial
trauma. Surgery,
Plastic Surgery

169
 Orthopedics,
Define Extremity Trauma and its types. Emergency
Medicine
Epidemiology,
Explain mechanisms of extremity trauma. Trauma
Surgery
Orthopedics,
Recognize clinical signs of extremity injuries. Emergency
Medicine
Identify life-threatening complications of extremity Orthopedics,
Emergency
MS2-Orth- trauma. Extremity
Medicine
016 Trauma
Understand role of imaging in extremity trauma Radiology,
diagnosis. Orthopedics
Describe principles of ATLS in extremity trauma Emergency
management. Medicine

Discuss management techniques for extremity Orthopedics,

Physical
trauma.
Therapy
Explain indications for surgical intervention in Orthopedics,
Trauma
extremity trauma.
Surgery
PATHOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY, COMMUNITY MEDICINE and BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCES & EBM
TOTAL HOURS = 20
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, morphology,
clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, morphology,
clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of

MS2-Pa- Osteoarthritis (OA) MSK Diseases

Pathology
001 Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, morphology, & Tumors
clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of
Crystal Arthritis (Gout/Pseudogout
Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, morphology,
clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

170
 Identify bone tumors, cartilaginous and soft tumors
and their clinical features.
Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, morphology,
clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of
Bone tumours, cartilaginous and soft tumors
Describe pharmacologic interventions for MSK
disorders.

Explain mechanisms of NSAIDs in MSK disorders.

MS2-Ph- Describe DMARDs and their use in MSK disorders. MSK Drugs &
Pharmacology
001 Interventions

Discuss corticosteroids in MSK management.

Explain bisphosphonates and opioids in MSK

disorders.

Understand epidemiology of MSK diseases.

MS2-CM- Discuss public health burden of MSK diseases. Community Epidemiology

001 Medicine & Prevention

Explain preventive measures for MSK diseases.

Discuss pharmacologic management in

rheumatology.
Understand the use of NSAIDs in rheumatic
diseases.

Describe DMARDs and their role in managing RA. Pharmacologic

Pharmacology, Management
Explain corticosteroids in rheumatic disease Rheumatology in
management. Rheumatology

Discuss biologics in rheumatology management.

Describe opioids for pain management in

rheumatology.
Understand the epidemiology of rheumatic
diseases. Community Epidemiology
Discuss the public health burden of rheumatic Medicine & Prevention
diseases.

171
 Explain preventive measures for rheumatic
diseases.
Analyze psychosocial impact of chronic MSK
conditions.
Describe patient counseling techniques for MSK
conditions. Psychosocial
MS2-BhS- Behavioral Impact &
Promote adherence to MSK treatment plans.
001 Sciences Patient
Educate patients on importance of adherence to Counseling

MSK management.

Discuss impact of disability on MSK patients.

Understand role of evidence-based medicine in Rheumatology,

MSK management. Pharmacology
Rheumatology,
Apply evidence-based guidelines to rheumatology Evidence-
case studies. Based
Medicine
Rheumatology,
Critically evaluate current research in Evidence-
rheumatology. Based
Medicine
MS2-Orth- Integrate evidence-based practices into Integrated
017 rheumatology treatment plans. EBM
Demonstrate the ability to appraise rheumatology
research studies.
Rheumatology,
Apply evidence-based findings to clinical decision- Evidence-
making in rheumatology. Based
Summarize key research advancements in Medicine

rheumatology.
Implement evidence-based guidelines in
rheumatology practice.

172
 PRACTICAL / LAB WORK

TOTAL HOURS = 09
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Interpret various investigations related to joint
diseases including:
i. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
ii. Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR)
iii. C-reactive protein (CRP)
MS2-Pa- iv. Creatine Kinase (CK)
002
v. Rheumatoid factor (RF) Pathology
vi. Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
vii. Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
(ANCA)
Test
viii. Serum uric acid level Interpretation
MS2-Pa- Microbiology,
003 Interpret related cultures for diagnosis for infections Pathology
Interpret imaging tests to evaluate various
musculoskeletal disorders including: Radiology
i. X-rays Rheumatology
MS2-Ra-
Orthopedics
001 ii. Computed tomography (CT) Scans
Surgical
iii. Ultrasound Scans Traumatology
iv. Bone Scans
Analysis and interpretation of Drugs (atracurium or
skeletal muscle relaxant) on animal through online
videos / simulations / graphs / practical
performance.
MS2-Ph- MSK &
Analysis and interpretation of different Pharmacology
002 locomotion
Concentrations of Drugs (atracurium or skeletal
muscle relaxant) on Frog’s rectus muscle through
online videos / simulations / graphs / practical
performance.

173
 CLINICAL ROTATIONS / COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE

GENERAL MEDICINE/GENERAL SURGERY

TOTAL HOURS = 12
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Elicit symptom of “pain” in history in terms of

MS2-M- location, intensity, duration, character, aggravating History taking
General
001 in pain
and relieving factors. Medicine

Elicit symptom of “swelling” in history in terms of

MS2-S- History taking
location, intensity, duration, character, aggravating General
001 in swelling
and relieving factors. Surgery

Elicit symptom of “swelling” in history in terms of

History taking
MS2-M- location, duration, pattern and any family or drug General in swelling in
002
history. Medicine drug history

Elicit symptom of ‘joint mobility” in history in terms

MS2-Rh- History taking
of location, intensity, duration, character,
011 Rheumatology in joint mobility
aggravating and relieving factors.
Elicit symptom of “joint mobility” in history in terms
of its location, duration, pattern, mechanism of
injury with associated symptoms.
MS2-Orth- History taking
Elicit the signs and symptoms of patient with joint
017 Orthopedics in joint mobility
dislocation in history
Elicit signs and symptoms of patient with fracture in
history
Elicit the signs and symptoms of patient with
osteoporosis History taking
MS2-Rh-
Rheumatology in
012 Elicit a patient history to make a provisional
osteoporosis
diagnosis

174
 RHEUMATOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 24
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Palpate joints or areas for tenderness, warmth,
swelling, and other inflammatory markers (e.g., Rheumatology,
Medicine
effusion).
Assess range of motion (ROM) in joints, both
actively (patient’s effort) and passively (examiner's Rheumatology,
Orthopedics
effort).
Test for specific joint tenderness and swelling in
conditions like gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and Rheumatology,
Medicine
osteoarthritis.

MS2-Rh- Assess for joint deformities (e.g., rheumatoid Rheumatology, Physical

013 nodules, Heberden’s nodes). Orthopedics Examination
Perform a thorough hand and wrist examination for
signs of arthritis (e.g., Boutonnière deformity, swan Rheumatology,
Orthopedics
neck deformity).
Examine for abnormal postural patterns such as Rheumatology,
scoliosis, kyphosis, or lordosis. Orthopedics
Perform a spine examination, assessing for Rheumatology,
alignment, tenderness, and range of motion. Orthopedics
Perform pulse examination in Systemic
Rheumatology
Inflammatory Vasculitis.

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN

Show empathy toward patients with chronic pain. Patient

Communication,
Communicate the importance of early intervention. Ethics

MS2-PS- Patient Affective

001 Encourage adherence to long-term treatment plans. Education, Domain
Chronic Care
Promote timely referrals to specialists when Patient
Education,
necessary.
Chronic Care

175
 Promote dietary interventions to improve overall Nutrition,
Patient
health.
Education
Clinical
Discuss the prognosis of diseases based on Decision
findings and individual circumstances. Making,
Pediatrics
ORTHOPEDICS
TOTAL HOURS = 22
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Inspect normal gait and assess deviations such as Orthopedics,
limping, stiffness, or imbalance. Medicine
Assess muscle strength surrounding normally
functioning limbs using standard grading
techniques (e.g., Oxford scale). Orthopedics,
Physical
Assess joint stability through special tests (e.g.,
Therapy
Lachman test for ACL integrity, McMurray test for

MS2-Orth- meniscus tears). Physical

018 Perform a compartment syndrome assessment Examination
(checking for swelling, pain, and vascular
compromise). Orthopedics,
Traumatology
Assess vascular status (pulses, capillary refill) in
cases of trauma or orthopedic injury.
Conduct a neurological examination of the upper
and lower limbs to assess motor and sensory Orthopedics,
Neurology
function.
Demonstrate skills in performing a thorough
assessment of extremity injuries, including physical Clinical Skills,
Orthopedics Soft Tissue,
examination techniques.
Neurological,
MS2-Orth- Provide first aid to a person with bone injury like and Bony
019
common sprains, fractures and dislocations Orthopedics, Extremity
Emergency Injuries
(immobilization of body part) resuscitation of injured
Medicine
patient.

176
 Demonstrate skills in assessing fractures through
physical examination and appropriate imaging Clinical Skills,
Radiology
modalities, including X-rays and CT scans.
Perform a fracture assessment and evaluate signs
of potential fractures or dislocations (e.g., deformity, Orthopedics,
Traumatology
abnormal movement).
Demonstrate skills in developing individualized
treatment plans based on fracture type, patient Orthopedics,
Patient Care
factors, and healing principles.
MS2-Orth-
Demonstrate clinical skills in assessing and Fractures
020
managing fractures in various locations, including Orthopedics,
Radiology
the use of appropriate imaging studies.
Observe application of dressings, splints, plasters
and other immobilization techniques in fracture Orthopedics,
Radiology
patients in emergency

Observation of fracture reduction and fixation Orthopedics,

Radiology

Observation of internal and exrernal fixation Orthopedics,

Radiology
Assess and prioritize patients based on the severity Orthopedics,
Emergency
of injuries.
Medicine
Implement damage control surgery techniques for
orthopedic trauma.
Principles of
MS2-Orth- Identify candidates for damage control surgery. Triage Surgery
021 and Damage
Stabilize fractures and manage soft tissue injuries Orthopedics,
Control
Trauma Surgery
in a timely manner.
Minimize the risk of complications and improve
patient outcomes through damage control
strategies.

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
Recognize the indications for surgical intervention
MS2-Orth- in the management of fractures, including fixation Orthopedics,
Fractures
022 Rehabilitation
techniques and considerations for rehabilitation.

177
 Educate patients on the principles of fracture Fracture
Orthopedics,
MS2-Orth- healing and the importance of adherence to Healing and
Patient
023 Principles of
treatment protocols for optimal recovery. Education
Treatment
Educate patients on the importance of follow-up and
Orthopedics,
rehabilitation based on fracture location to optimize Patient
Treatment by
healing and functional recovery. Education
MS2-Orth- fracture
024 Collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to address location and
Orthopedics,
unique challenges presented by fractures in specific region
Geriatrics,
regions (e.g., elderly patients with hip fractures). Rehabilitation
Orthopedics,
Coordinate with other specialties for comprehensive Emergency Principles of
MS2-Orth- trauma care. Medicine, Triage Surgery
025 Anesthesiology and Damage
Educate patients and families about the triage Orthopedics, Control
process and damage control strategies. Rehabilitation

SURGICAL TRAUMATOLOGY

General Principles of ATLS - ABCDE

TOTAL HOURS = 12
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Assess airway patency and clear airway
obstructions. Apply cervical spine immobilization if Surgery,
Anesthesiology
necessary.
Inspect for chest movement, auscultate breath
Surgery
sounds, palpate for deformities.
Assess pulse, control external bleeding, and assess Surgery,
General
perfusion. Initiate shock management if required. Cardiology
MS2-S- Principles of
001 Assess level of consciousness using the Glasgow Surgery, ATLS -
Coma Scale (GCS) and check pupil reaction. Neurology ABCDE

Expose the patient to assess for hidden injuries and Surgery,

Emergency
prevent hypothermia.
Medicine
Conduct secondary survey - a head-to-toe
Surgery,
examination, including history and detailed physical Emergency
exam. Medicine

178
 SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS ACCORDING TO TYPE OF TRAUMA
Use the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess Traumatic
MS2-M-
consciousness in patients with head injuries. Neurology Brain Injury
001
(TBI)
MS2-Orth- Assess for tenderness and deformity along the Neck and
Orthopedics
026 cervical spine in trauma patients. Spine Trauma

MS2-M- Identify abnormal breath sounds during auscultation Thoracic

Pulmonology
002 to detect potential injuries. Trauma

MS2-S- Perform abdominal palpation to identify tenderness Abdominal

Surgery
002 or rigidity indicating injury. Trauma

MS2-S- Recognize signs of facial fractures or deformities Maxillofacial

Surgery
003 during the examination. Trauma

MS2-S- Conduct a quick neurovascular examination of the Extremity

Orthopedics
004 limbs to evaluate pulse and sensation. Trauma

MS2-S- Conduct a triage to prioritize patients in mass General Disaster

005 casualty situations. Surgery Surgery

AFFECTIVE
Recognize when to initiate life-saving interventions Trauma
such as airway management, chest Surgery,
Emergency
decompression, and external hemorrhage control. Early
Medicine
Initiate consultation/ referral to a trauma center for Emergency Assessment
MS2-S- further management, ensuring early communication Medicine, and
009 Trauma Surgery Management of
with the trauma team. Severe Traum
Recognize when to initiate life-saving interventions Trauma
such as airway management, chest Surgery,
Emergency
decompression, and external hemorrhage control.
Medicine

179
Musculoskeletal & Locomotion II
Pharmacology
Pathology
1%
0%
4% 11%
Community Medicine
29% 1%
0%
3%
0%
3% Forensic Medicine
6%
0%
2% Behvaioural Sciences
Psychiatry
41%
Family Medicine
General Medicne
General Surgery
Paediatrics

Module Weeks Recommended Minimum

Hours

04 142

180
 MODULE NO. 19:
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology-II

181
 MODULE RATIONALE

This module trains the 3rd year MBBS student to handle social issues like violence, and sexual
exploitation, they can identify injuries and give an inference on their cause. It equips them with
skills to provide accurate medical evaluation and contribute to justice.

MODULE OUTCOMES
 Explain the biomechanics of wound production
 Determine the manner of injury
 Describe the pathophysiology of injuries and their effects on the body
 Define & Explain puberty, Impotence in males, frigidity in females, Sterility and medico-
legal importance.
 Reproduce different sections of law relevant to sexual offenses.

SUBJECTS INTEGRATED IN THE MODULE

1. Pathology
2. Surgery
3. Gynae / Obs.

182
 IMPLEMENTATION TORs

 The time calculation for completion of modules and blocks is based on 35 hours per week.
Total hours of teaching, learning and formative/summative internal assessment to be
completed in a year are 1200.
 The hours mentioned within each module are the mandatory minimum required. The rest of
the hours are left to the discretion of the institution that can be used in teaching, learning and
assessment as per decision of the institutional academic council.
 The content and the intended learning outcomes written are mandatory, to be taught, at the
level required, as the end year assessment will be based on these.
 However, the level of cognition can be kept at a higher level by the institution.
 The Table of Specifications provided will be used for the three papers of the first professional
examination. The same table of specifications should be used for the respective three block
exams for internal assessment.

183
SYLLABUS

184
 THEORY

TRAUMATOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 03
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC

Define injury, wound and hurt.

General
For2-Tr- Classify injuries on the basis of causative weapons concept
001
Classify injuries as per Qisas and Diyyat Act.

For2-Tr- Explain mechanism of wound production with Wound

002 reference to subject, object and contact. production
Define abrasions.
Classify abrasion.
For2-Tr- Describe mechanism of production of abrasions. Abrasion
003
Differentiate between different types of abrasions.
Explain medicolegal importance of abrasions.
Define bruises.
Describe mechanism of production of bruises. Forensic
Classify bruises. Medicine

For2-Tr- Explain pathophysiology of color changes in the bruise

Bruise
004 Assess the age of wound from color changes of wound.
Distinguish between bruise, artificial bruise and
hypostasis.
Explain medico legal importance of bruises.
Define lacerated wound.
Outline mechanism of production of a lacerated
wound.
For2-Tr- Classify lacerated wounds. Laceration
005
Differentiate between a lacerated wound and incised
wound on gross examination.
Explain medico legal importance.
Explain mechanism of fracture of bones/tooth.
For2-Tr- Discuss the mechanism of fractures/tooth. Surgery/Ortho
Fractures
006 pedics
Describe different types of fractures of bones.

185
 Interpret the age of fractures from radiological findings.
Illustrate stages of healing of fractures of bones/teeth.
Apply the nature of the fracture in the injury certificate
as per Qisas and Diyat act.
Explain medico-legal importance of fracture of
bone/tooth.
Define incised/stab wounds.

For2-Tr- Discuss mechanism of production of an incised wound. Incised/stab

007 Explain medico-legal significance of incised/stab wounds
wounds

SPECIAL TRAUMATOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 12.5
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Describe the pathophysiology of injuries. Pathophysiolog
For2-Tr-
Pathology y of
008 Explain effects of injuries on the body.
injuries
Elaborate different methods (naked eye examination,
microscopic
Timing of injury
examination, histochemical and biochemical methods)
/ ante
For2-Tr- for determination of age of wound. mortem, post
009 Describe different methods (naked eye examination, mortem
microscopic examination, histochemical and nature of
wound
biochemical methods of determination of ante mortem/
post mortem nature (vital reaction) of a wound. Pathology,
Link Sequelae of trauma to its original cause and surgery,
For2-Tr- medicine & Ewing’s
search for the relationship of sequelae to pre-existing
010 Forensic postulates
disease. medicine
Give a detailed account of battered baby or Caffey

For2-Tr- syndrome from a medicolegal point of view. Battered baby

011 Diagnose a case of a battered baby on the basis of syndrome
different injuries sustained by a battered baby
Define torture.
For2-Tr- Explain reasons, types and complications of torture. Torture
012
Describe medicolegal aspects of torture.

186
 Examine and prepare Medico-legal report of an injured Medicolegal
For2-Tr- Certification of
person with different etiologies in a
013 injury
simulated/supervised environment.
Define fire arms and ballistics.
Classify fire arm.
For2-Tr- Explain different parts of fire arm weapons. Internal
014 ballistics
Describe ammunition used in firearms.
Explain chain of events of firing

For2-Tr- To explain the factors affecting the trajectory of bullet External

015 after its exit from the muzzle end. Ballistics
Interpret wound complex produced by a rifled and non-
rifled weapons at different ranges.
Calculate the distance of fire from the wound
For2-Tr- Terminal
examination.
016 Ballistics
Differentiate between entry and exit wounds of fire
arms.
Explain medicolegal importance of fire arm injuries.

For2-Tr- Identify gun powders and ammunition used through

Gun powders
017 different methods.
Describe mechanics of blast injuries.
For2-Tr- Explain effects of blast injuries on human body. Blast injuries
018
Describe medicolegal aspects of blast injuries
Explain mechanism of injuries to soft and bony tissues
of head, neck, chest, abdomen and limbs. Regional
For2-Tr- Describe effects of injuries to head, neck, chest, Injuries
019
abdomen and limbs.
Describe medicolegal aspects of regional injuries
Classify transport accidents.
Describe different factors involved in the causation of
RTA.

For2-Tr- Classify and describe different patterns of injuries Transportation

020 sustained by Injuries
pedestrians and occupants of the vehicles
Explain medicolegal significance and prevention of
RTA.
187
 Define thermal injuries.
Classify thermal injuries-flame burns and scalds.
Describe degree of burns according to different
classifications.
Calculate percentage of burnt surface area and their
effects on the body. Thermal
For2-Tr-
Injuries /
021 Describe management of the burnt patient clinically.
Burn
Appraise causes of death due to burn.
Determine age of burn and ante-mortem/post mortem
nature of burn.
Describe autopsy findings and medico legal
importance of burns.
Classify electrical injuries injuries-low voltage and high
voltage
Explain factors affecting electrocution.
Describe mechanism and causes of death in
For2-Tr- electrocution. Electrocution
022 Surgery Lightening
Interpret different patterns of electrical injuries due to
low and high voltage current and lightening
Describe autopsy findings and medico legal
importance of electrocution
Explain deaths from exposure to high environmental
temperature like heat stroke, heat cramps and heat
exhaustion.
Explain deaths from exposure to low environmental
temperature like Frost bite, Trench foot, Immersion Hyper /
For2-Tr-
Hypothermia/
023 foot.
Starvation
Describe their mechanism of development, autopsy
findings and medicolegal importance.
Interpret Starvation, causes, clinical findings, autopsy
findings and medicolegal importance
Describe chemical burns
For2-Tr- Explain mechanism of development of chemical burns Chemical
024 Burns
Describe autopsy findings

188
 Summarize the chemical buns as per qisas and diyat
act.
Describe medicolegal importance of chemical burns.
Define and classify drowning.
Explain mechanism of death in wet and dry drowning.

For2-Tr- Describe external and internal autopsy findings in wet

Drowning
025 and dry drowning.
Interpret biochemical and diatom tests.
Emphasize medicolegal importance of drowning

MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF SEXUAL OFFENCES

TOTAL HOURS = 4.5
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Comprehend the terms-impotency, frigidity in females
and sterility Impotency
For2-
frigidity and
Se-001 Explain their causes.
sterility
Narrate their medico legal importance

For2- Explain signs of virginity and defloration. Virginity and

Se-002 Interpret medico legal importance defloration

For2- Describe presumptive, probable and sure signs of

Pregnancy
Se-003 pregnancy in living and dead.

For2- Explain recent and old signs of delivery in living and

Delivery
Se-004 dead.
Forensic
Define and classify abortions Medicine &
Explain motives for criminal abortions Gyne/obs

Reproduce different methods of inducing criminal

abortion
Outline complications and causes of death due to
Abortion/Miscar
For2- abortion. riage
Se-005
Describe findings in living and dead after abortion.
Examine the aborted material to assess the age and
viability
Apply sections of Qisas and Diyat act relevant to
abortion.

189
 Classify sexual offenses (natural, un-natural and
perversions) and explain their medico legal
importance.
Describe sexual perversions and identify the traits.
Reproduce different sections of law relevant to sexual
offenses.
Explain Medico-legal examination of a victim of sexual
assault and issue
report.

For2- Describe Medico-legal examination of the alleged Sexual

Se-006 accused of rape and Offences
issue report
Know the Medico-legal examination in unnatural
sexual offence.
Outline collection, preservation and dispatch of
specimens in cases of sexual assaults to chemical
examiner.
Interpret Psycho-pathology of assailant
Interpret Psycho-pathology of victim
Undertake initial management & referral of victim.
Define infanticide.

For2- State status of infants-still born/dead born/live born. Forensic

Infanticide
Se-007 Describe autopsy findings to determine whether live Medicine
born or not, cause of death, age of new born and others

PRACTICAL / LAB WORK

TRAUMATOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 09
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Recognize and identify common conventional
blunt objects, sharp objects, firearms, electrical
For2-Tr- instruments and chemicals and their medico- Forensic Mechanical
026 medicine injuries
legal aspects.
(lathi, knife, axe, gandasa, sickle, dagger, razor

190
 & stick, fire arms
For2-Tr- Differentiate between different types of abrasions
Abrasion
027
Assess the age of a bruise on the basis of color

For2-Tr- changes. Bruise

028 Differentiate between a bruise and post mortem
staining

For2-Tr- Differentiate between a lacerated and incised wound

wound
029 on naked eye examination
Assess the age of fracture by recognition of healing

For2-Tr- stages on x rays

Age of fracture
030 Apply different sections of Qisas and Diyat Act from
examination of fractures on x rays
Identify hurt and apply relevant section of Qisas and
Diyat Act for:

For2-Tr- i. Itlaf-udw Hurt / Qisas N

031 ii. Itlaf -slahiat-udw Diyat Act
iii. Shajja
iv. Jurh
Demonstrate appropriate examination of an injured
For2-Tr- person and issue the report in a Certification of
032 injury
simulated/supervised environment correctly
Identify different types of fire arm weapons
Identify different parts of fire arm weapons
Identify different parts of ammunition.
Determine the type of fire arm weapon from the
For2-Tr- examination of fire arm wound complex. Firearm
033
Calculate the firing range of the weapon from
appearance of wound.
Identify characteristics of entry and exit fire arm
wounds.
Differentiate between dry burn and wet burn.

For2-Tr- Calculate burnt surface area

Burn
034 Determine age and nature of burn on naked eye
examination

191
 Recognize autopsy findings.
Recognize between entry and exit wounds of electric
currents on body.
For2-Tr- Describe different pathways of electric currents Electrocuted
035 injury
through human body.
Recognize different patterns of electrical injuries.
Recognize different patterns of effects of high/low
environmental temperature on the body. Hypo /
For2-Tr-
Hypothermia /
036 Appreciate clinical and autopsy findings of death due
starvation
to starvation
Recognize different patterns of Chemical burns over
For2-Tr- body. Chemical
037 Burns
Apply relevant sections of Qisas And Diyat Act.
Identify different kinds of ligature materials used for
hanging
Recognize different types of hanging
For2-Tr- Appreciate nonspecific and specific autopsy findings Hanging
038
of hanging.
Know how to remove and preserve the ligature
material used.
Differentiate between ligature marks due to hanging
and strangulation.

For2-Tr- Appreciate nonspecific and specific autopsy findings of Strangulation /

039 hanging. Hanging
Know how to remove and preserve the ligature
material used.
Appreciate external and internal autopsy findings of

For2-Tr- death due to throttling.

Throttling
040 Determine the position of assailant and victim from
external marks on neck
Appreciate external and internal autopsy findings of
For2-Tr- death due to smothering, choking, gagging and Smothering /
041 Gagging
traumatic asphyxia

For2-Tr- Appreciate external and internal autopsy findings of

Drowning
042 death due to drowning.
192
 SEXOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 06
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Replicate Medico-legal examination of a victim of
sexual assault and issue report.
Demonstrate Medico-legal examination of the alleged
accused of rape and issue report.
For2- Copy the Medico-legal examination in unnatural sexual Forensic
Sexual assault
Se-008 medicine
offence.
Perform collection, preservation and dispatch of
specimens in cases of sexual assaults to chemical
examiner.

193
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology-II

Pharmacology
0% Pathology
Community Medicine
Forensic Medicine
Behvaioural Sciences
100%
Psychiatry
Family Medicine
General Medicne

Module Weeks Recommended Minimum

Hours

01 35

194