🟣 Introduction to Scratch Programming
✅ What is Scratch?
Scratch is a block-based visual programming language developed by MIT
to teach basic programming concepts in a fun and interactive way. It's
ideal for beginners, especially kids and early learners.
✅ Why Learn Scratch?
Develops problem-solving skills
Enhances creativity
Encourages logical thinking
Builds a foundation for real-world programming
🟡 Lesson 1: Scratch Interface
� � Key Components:
Stage: Where your
animation or game
plays out
Sprite:
Characters/objects
you control
Blocks Palette:
Categories of coding
blocks (motion, looks,
sound, etc.)
Scripting Area:
Where you drag and
snap blocks together
Green Flag/Stop: Used to start or stop a project
Lesson 2: Working with Sprites
✅ Actions:
Add, delete, and duplicate sprites
Change costumes
Add sounds
✅ Code Examples:
when green flag clicked → move 10 steps
change color effect by 25
say "Hello" for 2 seconds
🔵 Lesson 3: Basic Programming Concepts
✅ Sequences
Putting commands in the right order.
In Scratch, a sequence refers to the order in
which blocks of code are executed, one after
the other, to create a specific outcome or
animation
E.g. walk → talk → jump
✅ Loops: Repeating actions.
In Scratch, a loop is a programming
structure that allows a block of code to
be repeated multiple times or until a
specific condition is met. There are
three main types of loops in
Scratch: repeat, repeat until,
and forever. Loops are essential for
automating tasks, creating
animations, and building interactive
games.
scratch
CopyEdit
repeat 10
move 10 steps
end
✅ Events: Code that starts when something happens.
In Scratch, events are actions or
occurrences that trigger specific scripts to
run. They are found in the yellow "Events"
category and include blocks like "when flag
clicked," "when key pressed," and "when
sprite clicked."
scratch
CopyEdit
when this sprite clicked
play sound "pop"
🟠 Lesson 4: Control Structures
✅ Conditional Statements (IF)
scratch
CopyEdit
if <touching color [red]> then
say "I touched red!"
end
✅ IF-ELSE
scratch
CopyEdit
if <key [space] pressed?> then
jump
else
walk
end
✅ Forever Loops
scratch
CopyEdit
forever
move 1 step
end
🟣 Lesson 5: Variables and Operators
✅ Variables
Used to store data like scores or timers.
set [score] to 0
change [score] by 1
✅ Operators
Used for math and logic.
< 10, =, +, -, and, or, not
🔵 Lesson 6: Making Animations
Switch costumes to create movement.
Use wait blocks to control speed.
scratch
CopyEdit
when green flag clicked
repeat 10
next costume
wait 0.1 seconds
end
🟢 Lesson 7: Making Games
✅ Basic Game Ideas:
Maze Game
Platformer
Quiz Game
Clicker Game
✅ Game Elements:
Player Control: Arrow keys or mouse
Score Keeping: Using variables
Win/Lose Conditions
🔴 Lesson 8: Broadcast and Messaging
Use messages to control multiple sprites.
scratch
CopyEdit
when green flag clicked
broadcast [Start Game]
scratch
CopyEdit
when I receive [Start Game]
go to [x:0 y:0]
🔵 Lesson 9: Sound and Music
Play sound effects or background music
Record your own sound
scratch
CopyEdit
when I receive [Level Up]
play sound [cheer]
🟠 Lesson 10: Creating a Full Project (Mini Game Example)
Step-by-Step:
1. Choose a sprite and backdrop
2. Add movement controls
3. Create obstacles/enemies
4. Add scoring system
5. Add win/lose logic
6. Use broadcast for transitions
7. Polish with sounds and animation
🟡 Advanced Concepts
Cloning Sprites: Create multiple instances
Custom Blocks: Define your own blocks for repeated actions
Lists: Store multiple values (great for quizzes)
🟢 Final Tips
Encourage experimentation
Save often
Use the Scratch online community for ideas and support
