18/10/2024, 18:39 OOP C++ Important Questions
Unit 1: Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
1. Define Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). How is it different from procedural programming?
OOP: A programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects" which can contain data and
methods. It focuses on code reusability, modularity, and inheritance.
Difference: Procedural programming is function-based and executes in a top-down manner, while
OOP organizes code using objects and classes, promoting encapsulation and modularity.
2. What are the basic principles of OOP? Explain with examples.
Encapsulation: Bundling of data and methods within a class to restrict access (e.g., using private
and public keywords).
Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones to reuse code.
Polymorphism: The ability to present the same interface for different data types (e.g., function
overloading, virtual functions).
Abstraction: Hiding unnecessary details from the user to simplify complexity.
3. Explain classes and objects in C++. Provide a simple example.
A class is a blueprint for creating objects. An object is an instance of a class.
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class Car { public: string brand; int speed; }; Car myCar; // myCar is an object of Car
4. What is the difference between a class and a structure in C++?
In a class, members are private by default, while in a structure, members are public by default.
Classes support features like inheritance, while structures are generally used for simple data
grouping.
5. What are access specifiers in C++? Explain public, private, and protected with examples.
Public: Accessible from anywhere.
Private: Accessible only within the class.
Protected: Accessible within the class and its derived classes.
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class Example { private: int privateVar; protected: int protectedVar; public: int
publicVar; };
6. Define a constructor and destructor. Explain their purpose and how they are used in C++.
Constructor: A special function called when an object is created. Initializes the object.
Destructor: A special function called when an object is destroyed. Cleans up resources.
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class Demo { public: Demo() { /* Constructor */ } ~Demo() { /* Destructor */ } };
7. What is the importance of 'this' pointer in C++? Provide an example of its usage.
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18/10/2024, 18:39 OOP C++ Important Questions
The this pointer refers to the object itself within its member function. It's used to access
members of the object.
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class Example { private: int x; public: void setValue(int x) { this->x = x; // Refers to
the object's member } };
8. Explain function overloading with examples. How is it different from operator overloading?
Function Overloading: Defining multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.
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void add(int a, int b); void add(double a, double b);
Operator Overloading: Redefining the behavior of operators for user-defined types (e.g.,
using + for adding complex numbers).
9. What is static data member and static member function in C++?
Static Data Member: A class variable shared by all objects of the class. It's initialized outside the
class.
Static Member Function: A function that can access only static data members.
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class Example { public: static int count; static void showCount() { /* Access static
members */ } };
10. What are friend functions and friend classes? Explain with examples.
Friend Function: A non-member function that can access private members of a class.
Friend Class: A class whose members can access private members of another class.
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class A { private: int x; friend void show(A&); }; void show(A& a) { cout << a.x; }
11. Explain the concept of dynamic memory allocation in C++ using new and delete operators.
Dynamic Memory Allocation: Memory is allocated at runtime using new , and released
using delete .
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int* ptr = new int; // Allocate memory delete ptr; // Release memory
12. Define inline functions. What are their advantages and disadvantages?
Inline Functions: Functions that are expanded at the point of call to reduce overhead.
Advantages: Reduces function call overhead.
Disadvantages: Increases code size if used excessively.
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18/10/2024, 18:39 OOP C++ Important Questions
Unit 2: Classes and Objects
1. What is the purpose of a class constructor in C++? Explain different types of constructors with
examples.
Default Constructor: No parameters.
Parameterized Constructor: Takes parameters to initialize members.
Copy Constructor: Initializes an object as a copy of another.
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class Example { public: Example() { /* Default Constructor */ } Example(int x) { /*
Parameterized Constructor */ } Example(const Example& obj) { /* Copy Constructor */ } };
2. What is a destructor? How is it different from a constructor in C++?
A destructor is called when an object goes out of scope or is deleted, while a constructor is called
when an object is created. Destructors have no parameters.
3. Explain how objects are created and destroyed in C++. What is the order of their execution?
Objects are created when the constructor is called and destroyed when the destructor is called.
Local objects are destroyed when they go out of scope; dynamic objects when delete is called.
4. Describe the use of member functions in a class. Explain how to define and access them.
Member functions define the behavior of a class. They are defined inside or outside the class using
the :: operator and accessed using the object.
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class Example { public: void show() { /* Function definition */ } }; Example obj;
obj.show();
5. What is a const member function? Explain with an example.
A const member function does not modify any member variables of the class.
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class Example { public: void display() const { /* Cannot modify members */ } };
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