INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
CE3211
STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
The structural design of
buildings, whether of structural
steel or reinforced concrete
requires the determination of
the overall proportions and
dimensions of the supporting
framework and the selection of
the cross-sections of individual
members. 2
PRIORITIES OF
THE DESIGN:
SAFETY
SERVICEABILITY
How well the structure performs in
terms of appearance and deflection.
ECONOMY
An economical structure requires
an efficient use of materials and
construction labor.
A good design requires the
evaluation of several framing plans –
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that is, different arrangements of
members and their connections.
LOADS
TWO BROAD CATEGORIES:
1. Dead Loads – are those that are permanent, including the
weight of the structure itself, which is sometimes called the
self-weight. In addition to the weight of the structure, dead
loads in a building include the weight of nonstructural
components such as floor coverings, partitions, and
suspended ceilings (with light fixtures, mechanical
equipment, and plumbing). All the loads mentioned thus far
are forces resulting from gravity and referred to as gravity
loads.
2. Live Loads – which can also be gravity loads, are those that
are not as permanent as dead loads. They may or may not
be acting on the structure at any given time, and the location
may not be fixed. Examples of live loads include furniture,
equipment, and occupants of buildings. In general, the
magnitude of a live load is not as well defined as that of a
dead load, and it usually must be estimated. 4
LOADS
SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF
LOADING:
Wind Loads – belongs in the category of live
loads but considered a separate category
because of the relative complexity of
determining wind loads. Wind exerts a
pressure or suction on the exterior surfaces of
building.
Earthquake Loads – need to be considered
only in those geographic locations where
there is a reasonable probability of
occurrence.
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BUILDING CODES
Buildings must be designed and constructed according to the provisions of a building code, which is a legal document
containing requirements related to such things as structural safety, fire safety, plumbing, ventilation, and accessibility to
the physically disabled. A building code has the force of law and is administered by a governmental entity such as a
city or for, some large metropolitan areas, a consolidated government. Building codes do not give design procedures,
but they do specify the design requirements and constraints that must be satisfied
US CODES PHILIPPINE CODES
Uniform Building Code National Building Code of the Philippines
Standard Building Code National Structural Code of the Philippines
Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA)
National Building Code
International Building Code
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7,
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures (not a building code)
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DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS
give more specific guidance for the design of structural members and their connections.
present the guidelines and criteria that enable a structural engineer to achieve the objectives
mandated by a building code.
represent what is considered to be good engineering practice based on latest
research.
US Specifications PHILIPPINE
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
Specifications
AASHTO
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance- National Structural Code of the Philippines 2001
of-Way Association (AREMA) (5th edition)
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010
(6th edition)
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
(7th edition)
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PROPERTIES OF
STRUCTURAL
STEEL
Steel, an alloy of iron and
carbon, with fewer impurities
and less carbon than cast iron,
was first used in heavy
construction in the 19th century.
Typical stress-strain curve for mild carbon steel
Modulus of elasticity = 200 x 103 MPa (source: Vinnakota, 2005)
(29000 ksi)
Yield stress = Fy
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Ultimate stress = Fu
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TYPICAL STRUCTURAL SHAPES:
Cross sections of some of the more commonly used hot-rolled shapes are
shown
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BUILT-UP SECTIONS
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ASEP STEEL HANDBOOK
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ASTM
designations
for various
structural
shapes
ASTM A36 or A36 mild steel – one of
the most commonly used structural
steels
Tensile Properties:
Yield Stress:
Fy = 36 ksi or 248 MPa
Tensile Strength:
Fu = 58 to 80 ksi or 400 to 550 MPa 13
THANK
YOU!
Keep safe and
God bless!
