Module 3
Structural Systems
Learning Outcomes
Identify the typical structural elements found in construction
Identify projects
Explain the structural standards, regulations, and legislations
Explain relevant to construction projects
Read and
Read and interpret structural drawings
interpret
Foundation
Slab
Structural Walls
Elements Columns
Beams
Roof Framing
Foundation
• the part that transfers
the load of the
structure to the
ground underneath;
maybe classified into
shallow and deep
foundations
Foundation Type
Deep Shallow
foundation that is used when the ground foundation placed near the ground surface;
underneath is not strong enough to carry the used when the ground underneath can
weight of the building, and as such needs to adequately carry the load of the structure
reach deeper, e.g. the bedrock, to transfer the
load of the structure to.
Deep Foundationsffoundation that is used when the
ground underneath is not strong enough to carry the weight of the https://youtu.be/GyIvYE27ZrI
building, and as such needs to reach deeper, e.g. the bedrock, to
transfer the load of the structure to
Shallow
Foundations
- foundation
placed near the
ground surface;
used when the
ground
underneath can
adequately carry
the load of the
structure
Slabs
planar structural element
that carry vertical load
including its own weight;
typically used in building
floors, roofs, and ceilings
• Slab-on-grade (grade slab) -
slab directly cast on ground level
• One-way slab - supported in two
opposite edges, the load is carried
along one direction
• Two-way slab - supported in all
four edges, the load is carried on
both directions
• Cantilever slab - supported only
on one side
Types of Walls
• Non-structural walls
- Does not have the capacity
to carry any load
• Bearing Walls
- Can resist gravity loads
• Shear Walls
- Can resist lateral loads such
as :
> Wind
> Earthquake
• Shapes
• Rectangular
Column
• Square
• Circular
–
• L-shape
longitudinal • T-shape
structural element
oriented vertically
• Material
that carries • Steel
compressive loads • Reinforced Concrete
• Composite (combined steel and concrete)
• Timber
Beams
a structural element, typically horizontal,
that carries load in the lateral direction;
resists shear and bending action
• Material
> Steel
> Reinforced Concrete
> Composite (combined steel and concrete)
>Timber
Roofing
System
Relevant Standards
NATIONAL PHILIPPINE AMERICAN MANUAL OF STEEL
STRUCTURAL CODE NATIONAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION – AMERICAN
OF THE PHILIPPINES STANDARDS (PNS) INSTITUTE (ACI) INSTITUTE OF STEEL
(NSCP) PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS CONSTRUCTION (AISC)
AMERICAN WELDING AMERICAN SOCIETY AMERICAN IRON AND INTERNATIONAL
SOCIETY (AWS) ON TESTING STEEL INSTITUTE BUILDING CODE
PUBLICATIONS MATERIALS (ASTM) (AISI) – (IBC) - THE
PUBLICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS INTERNATIONAL
FOR THE DESIGN OF CODE COUNCIL
COLD-FORMED
STEEL STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)
• “Buildings proposed for construction shall comply with
all the regulations and specifications herein set forth
governing quality, characteristics and properties of
materials, methods of design and construction, type of
occupancy and classification.”
• “All other matters relative to the structural design of all
buildings and other structures not provided for in this
chapter shall conform with the provisions of the
National Structural Code of the Philippines, as adopted
and promulgated by the board of Civil Engineering
pursuant to Republic Act Number 544, as amended,
otherwise known as the Civil Engineering Law.”
NSCP contains standards
and specifications on the
following
- Ch 1: General Requirements
- Ch 2: Minimum Design Loads
- Ch 3: Earthworks and
Foundations
- Ch 4: Structural Concrete
- Ch 5: Structural Steel
- Ch 6: Wood
- Ch 7: Masonry
Philippine National Standards (PNS)
publications
PNS 07 Specifications for Portland cement
PNS 18 Specifications for concrete aggregates
PNS 49 Specifications for steel bars for concrete
reinforcement
PNS 16 Specifications for concrete hollow blocks
American Concrete Institute
(ACI) publications
ACI 318-08 Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete
ACI 315 Details and Detailing of Concrete
Reinforcements
ACI 301 Specifications for Structural Concrete for
Buildings
ACI 224 Control of Cracking in Concrete
Structures
Manual of Steel
Construction –
American Institute
of Steel
Construction
(AISC)
D1.1 Structural Welding Code
– Steel
American
Welding
Society D1.3 Structural Welding Code
– Sheet Steel
(AWS)
publications D1.4 Structural Welding Code
– Reinforcing Steel
American Society on Testing Materials (ASTM)
publications
ASTM 325 ASTM 490
Specifications Specifications
for Structural for Structural
Joints Connections
Structural
Specifications
- The code to which the design conforms,
with the issue date and version
explicitly noted
- Design loads
- Seismic design basis
- Strength and designations of materials
to be used
- Strength of the underlying soil
