Topic 2 Part 1 [398 marks]

[2 marks]
1a.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute coordinates in f (M1)
e.g.
f(2) = 9
correct substitution A1
e.g.
a × 23 + b × 22 + c = 9
8a + 4b + c = 9 AG N0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Part (a) was generally well done, with a few candidates failing to show a detailed substitution. Some substituted 2 in place of x, but
didn't make it clear that they had substituted in y as well.

[7 marks]
1b.
Markscheme
recognizing that
(1, 4) is on the graph of f (M1)
e.g.
f(1) = 4
correct equation A1
e.g.
a+b+c = 4
recognizing that
f ′ = 0 at minimum (seen anywhere) (M1)
e.g.
f ′ (1) = 0
f ′ (x) = 3ax2 + 2bx (seen anywhere) A1A1
correct substitution into derivative (A1)
e.g.
3a × 12 + 2b × 1 = 0
correct simplified equation A1
e.g.
3a + 2b = 0
[7 marks]

Examiners report
A great majority could find the two equations in part (b). However there were a significant number of candidates who failed to
identify that the gradient of the tangent is zero at a minimum point, thus getting the incorrect equation
3a + 2b = 4 .
1c. [4 marks]
Markscheme
valid method for solving system of equations (M1)
e.g. inverse of a matrix, substitution
a=2,
b = −3 ,
c = 5 A1A1A1 N4
[4 marks]

Examiners report
A considerable number of candidates only had 2 equations, so that they either had a hard time trying to come up with a third equation
(incorrectly combining some of the information given in the question) to solve part (c) or they completely failed to solve it.
Despite obtaining three correct equations many used long elimination methods that caused algebraic errors. Pages of calculations
leading nowhere were seen.
Those who used matrix methods were almost completely successful.

[4 marks]
2a.
Markscheme
correct substitution into cosine rule A1
e.g.
PQ2 = r2 + r2 − 2(r)(r) cos(2θ) ,
PQ2 = 2r2 − 2r2 (cos(2θ))
substituting
1 − 2sin2 θ for
cos 2θ (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
PQ2 = 2r2 − 2r2 (1 − 2sin2 θ)
working towards answer (A1)
e.g.
PQ2 = 2r2 − 2r2 + 4r2 sin2 θ
recognizing
2r2 − 2r2 = 0 (including crossing out) (seen anywhere)
e.g.
PQ2 = 4r2 sin2 θ ,
−−−−−−−
PQ = √4r2 sin2 θ
PQ = 2rsinθ AG N0
[4 marks]

Examiners report
This exercise seemed to be challenging for the great majority of the candidates, in particular parts (b), (c) and (d).
Part (a) was generally attempted using the cosine rule, but many failed to substitute correctly into the right hand side or skipped
important steps. A high percentage could not arrive at the given expression due to a lack of knowledge of trigonometric identities or
making algebraic errors, and tried to force their way to the given answer.
The most common errors included taking the square root too soon, and sign errors when distributing the negative after substituting
cos 2θ by
1 − 2sin2 θ .
 [5 marks]
2b.
Markscheme
PRQ = r × 2θ (seen anywhere) (A1)
correct set up A1
e.g.
1.3 × 2r sin θ − r × (2θ) = 0
attempt to eliminate r (M1)
correct equation in terms of the one variable
θ (A1)
e.g.
1.3 × 2 sin θ − 2θ = 0
1.221496215
θ = 1.22 (accept
70.0∘ (69.9)) A1 N3
[5 marks]

Examiners report
This exercise seemed to be challenging for the great majority of the candidates, in particular parts (b), (c) and (d).
In part (b), most candidates understood what was required but could not find the correct length of the arc PRQ mainly due to
substituting the angle by
θ instead of
2θ .

[4 marks]
2c.
Markscheme
(i)

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape, A1 for x-intercept in approximately correct position, A1 for domain. Do not
penalise if sketch starts at origin.
(ii)
1.221496215
θ = 1.22 A1 N1
[4 marks]
 Examiners report
Regarding part (c), many valid approaches were seen for the graph of f, making a good use of their GDC. A common error was
finding a second or third solution outside the domain. A considerable amount of sketches were missing a scale.
There were candidates who achieved the correct equation but failed to realize they could use their GDC to solve it.

[3 marks]
2d.
Markscheme
evidence of appropriate approach (may be seen earlier) M2
e.g.
2θ < 2.6 sin θ ,
0 < f(θ) , showing positive part of sketch
0 < θ < 1.221496215
0 < θ = 1.22 (accept
θ < 1.22 ) A1 N1
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Part (d) was attempted by very few, and of those who achieved the correct answer not many were able to show the method they used.

3a. [1 mark]
Markscheme
x = 4 (must be an equation) A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
A surprising number of candidates missed part (a) of this question, which required them to write the equation of the axis of symmetry.
Some candidates did not write their answer as an equation, while others simply wrote the formula
x = − 2ab .

[2 marks]
3b.
Markscheme
h=4,
k = 2 A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
This was answered correctly by the large majority of candidates.
 [3 marks]
3c.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute coordinates of any point on the graph into f (M1)
e.g.
f(0) = 6 ,
6 = a(0 − 4)2 + 2 ,
f(4) = 2
correct equation (do not accept an equation that results from
f(4) = 2 ) (A1)
e.g.
6 = a(−4)2 + 2 ,
6 = 16a + 2
4
a= 16
(= 14 ) A1 N2

[3 marks]

Examiners report
The rest of this question was answered correctly by the large majority of candidates. The mistakes seen in part (c) were generally due
to either incorrect substitution of a point into the equation, or substitution of the vertex coordinates, which got the candidates nowhere.

[4 marks]
4a.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of discriminant (M1)
e.g.
b2 − 4ac , discriminant = 0
correct substitution into discriminant A1
e.g.
k2 − 4 × 12 × 8 ,
k2 − 16 = 0
k = ±4 A1A1 N3
METHOD 2
recognizing that equal roots means perfect square (R1)
e.g. attempt to complete the square,
1
2
(x2 + 2kx + 16)

correct working
e.g.
1
2
(x + k)2 ,
1 2
2
k = 8 A1

k = ±4 A1A1 N3
[4 marks]

Examiners report
A good number of candidates were successful in using the discriminant to find the correct values of k in part (a), however, there were
many who tried to use the quadratic formula without recognizing the significance of the discriminant.
4b. [4 marks]
Markscheme
evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g.
b2 − 4ac < 0
correct working for k A1
e.g.
−4 < k < 4 ,
k2 < 16 , list all correct values of k
7
p= 11
A2 N3

[4 marks]

Examiners report
Part (b) was very poorly done by nearly all candidates. Common errors included finding the wrong values for k, and not realizing that
there were 11 possible values for k.

[3 marks]
5a.
Markscheme
interchanging x and y (may be seen at any time) (M1)
evidence of correct manipulation (A1)
e.g.
x = 2y + 4
f −1 (x) = x−42
(accept
y = x−42
, x−4
2
) A1 N2

[3 marks]

Examiners report
All parts of this question were well answered by most of the candidates. Some misunderstood part (a) and found the derivative or the
reciprocal, indicating they were not familiar with the notation for an inverse function. Occasionally, the composition symbol was
mistaken for multiplication. Additionally, some candidates composed in the incorrect order.

[2 marks]
5b.
Markscheme
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
e.g.
f(7x2 ), 2(7x2 ) + 4, 7(2x + 4)2
(f ∘ g)(x) = 14x2 + 4 A1 N2

Examiners report
All parts of this question were well answered by most of the candidates. Some misunderstood part (a) and found the derivative or the
reciprocal, indicating they were not familiar with the notation for an inverse function. Occasionally, the composition symbol was
mistaken for multiplication. Additionally, some candidates composed in the incorrect order.
 [2 marks]
5c.
Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
7 × 3.52 ,
14(3.5)2 + 4
(f ∘ g)(3.5) = 175.5 (accept 176) A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
All parts of this question were well answered by most of the candidates. Some misunderstood part (a) and found the derivative or the
reciprocal, indicating they were not familiar with the notation for an inverse function. Occasionally, the composition symbol was
mistaken for multiplication. Additionally, some candidates composed in the incorrect order.

[1 mark]
6a.
Markscheme
A(0) = 10 A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
For a later question in Section A, a pleasing number of candidates made good progress. Some candidates believed that raising a base
to the zero power gave zero which indicated that they most likely did not begin by analysing the function with their GDC. For part
(c), many candidates could set up the equation correctly and had some idea to apply logarithms but became lost in the algebra. Those
who used their GDC to find when the function equalled 0.395 typically did so successfully. A common error for those who obtained
a correct value for time in minutes was to treat 5.55 hours as 5 hours and 55 minutes after 13:00.

[2 marks]
6b.
Markscheme
substitution into formula (A1)
e.g.
10(0.5)0.014(50) ,
A(50)
A(50) = 6.16 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
For a later question in Section A, a pleasing number of candidates made good progress. Some candidates believed that raising a base
to the zero power gave zero which indicated that they most likely did not begin by analysing the function with their GDC. For part
(c), many candidates could set up the equation correctly and had some idea to apply logarithms but became lost in the algebra. Those
who used their GDC to find when the function equalled 0.395 typically did so successfully. A common error for those who obtained
a correct value for time in minutes was to treat 5.55 hours as 5 hours and 55 minutes after 13:00.
 [5 marks]
6c.
Markscheme
set up equation (M1)
e.g.
A(t) = 0.395
attempting to solve (M1)
e.g. graph, use of logs
correct working (A1)
e.g. sketch of intersection,
0.014t log 0.5 = log 0.0395
t = 333.00025 … A1
correct time 18:33 or 18:34 (accept 6:33 or 6:34 but nothing else) A1 N3
[5 marks]

Examiners report
For a later question in Section A, a pleasing number of candidates made good progress. Some candidates believed that raising a base
to the zero power gave zero which indicated that they most likely did not begin by analysing the function with their GDC. For part
(c), many candidates could set up the equation correctly and had some idea to apply logarithms but became lost in the algebra. Those
who used their GDC to find when the function equalled 0.395 typically did so successfully. A common error for those who obtained
a correct value for time in minutes was to treat 5.55 hours as 5 hours and 55 minutes after 13:00.

[4 marks]
7a.
Markscheme
applies vertical stretch parallel to the y-axis factor of
1
3
(M1)
e.g. multiply by
1
3
,
1
3
f(t) ,
1
3
× 2

applies horizontal shift 2 units to the right (M1)

e.g.
f(t − 2) ,
t−2
applies a vertical shift 4 units down (M1)
e.g. subtracting 4,
f(t) − 4 ,
7
3
−4

v(t) = 23 (t − 2)2 − 53 A1 N4

[4 marks]

Examiners report
While a number of candidates had an understanding of each transformation, most had difficulty applying them in the correct order,
and few obtained the completely correct answer in part (a). Many earned method marks for discerning three distinct transformations.
Few candidates knew to integrate to find the distance travelled. Many instead substituted time values into the velocity function or its
derivative and subtracted. A number of those who did recognize the need for integration attempted an analytic approach rather than
using the GDC, which often proved unsuccessful.
 [3 marks]
7b.
Markscheme
recognizing that distance travelled is area under the curve M1
e.g.
∫ v, 29 (t − 2)3 − 53 t , sketch

distance = 15.576 (accept 15.6) A2 N2

[3 marks]

Examiners report
While a number of candidates had an understanding of each transformation, most had difficulty applying them in the correct order,
and few obtained the completely correct answer in part (a). Many earned method marks for discerning three distinct transformations.
Few candidates knew to integrate to find the distance travelled. Many instead substituted time values into the velocity function or its
derivative and subtracted. A number of those who did recognize the need for integration attempted an analytic approach rather than
using the GDC, which often proved unsuccessful.

8a. [4 marks]
Markscheme
(i) correct approach (A1)
e.g.
(4−1)
u4 = (40) 12 , listing terms

u4 = 5 A1 N2
(ii) correct substitution into formula for infinite sum (A1)
e.g.
40
S∞ = 1−0.5
,
40
S∞ = 0.5

S∞ = 80 A1 N2
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates found part (a) straightforward, although a common error in (a)(ii) was to calculate 40 divided by
1
2
as 20.
 [5 marks]
8b.
Markscheme
(i) attempt to set up expression for
u8 (M1)
e.g.
−36 + (8 − 1)d
correct working A1
e.g.
−8 = −36 + (8 − 1)d ,
−8−(−36)
7

d=4 A1 N2
(ii) correct substitution into formula for sum (A1)
e.g.
Sn = n2 (2(−36) + (n − 1)4)

correct working A1
e.g.
Sn = n2 (4n − 76) ,
−36n + 2n2 − 2n
Sn = 2n2 − 38n AG N0
[5 marks]

Examiners report
In part (b), some candidates had difficulty with the "show that" and worked backwards from the answer given.

[5 marks]
8c.
Markscheme
multiplying
Sn (AP) by 2 or dividing S (infinite GP) by 2 (M1)
e.g.
2Sn ,
S∞
2
, 40
evidence of substituting into
2Sn = S∞ A1
e.g.
2n2 − 38n = 40 ,
4n2 − 76n − 80 (
= 0)
attempt to solve their quadratic (equation) (M1)
e.g. intersection of graphs, formula
n = 20 A2 N3
[5 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates obtained the correct equation in part (c), although some did not reject the negative value of n as impossible in this
context.
 [3 marks]
9a.
Markscheme

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape with inflexion/change of curvature, A1 for maximum skewed to the left, A1 for
asymptotic behaviour to the right.
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Many candidates earned the first four marks of the question in parts (a) and (b) for correctly using their GDC to graph and find the
maximum value.

[3 marks]
9b.
Markscheme
(i)
x = 3.33 A1 N1
(ii) correct interval, with right end point
3 13 A1A1 N2

e.g.
0 < x ≤ 3.33 ,
0 ≤ x < 3 13

Note: Accept any inequalities in the right direction.

[3 marks]

Examiners report
Many candidates earned the first four marks of the question in parts (a) and (b) for correctly using their GDC to graph and find the
maximum value.
9c. [5 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
e.g. quotient rule, product rule
2 correct derivatives (must be seen in product or quotient rule) (A1)(A1)
e.g.
20 ,
0.3e0.3x or
−0.3e−0.3x
correct substitution into product or quotient rule A1
e.g.
20e0.3x −20x(0.3)e0.3x
,
(e0.3x ) 2
20e−0.3x + 20x(−0.3)e−0.3x
correct working A1
e.g.
20e0.3x −6xe0.3x
,
e0.6x
e0.3x (20−20x(0.3))
,
(e0.3x ) 2
e−0.3x (20 + 20x(−0.3))
20−6x
f ′ (x) = AG N0
e0.3x

[5 marks]

Examiners report
Most had a valid approach in part (c) using either the quotient or product rule, but many had difficulty applying the chain rule with a
function involving e and simplifying.

[4 marks]
9d.
Markscheme
consideration of
f ′ or
f ′′ (M1)
valid reasoning R1
e.g. sketch of
f′ ,
f ′′ is positive,
f ′′ = 0 , reference to minimum of
f′
correct value
6.6666666 …
(6 23 ) (A1)

correct interval, with both endpoints A1 N3

e.g.
6.67 < x ≤ 20 ,
6 23 ≤ x < 20

[4 marks]

Examiners report
Part (d) was difficult for most candidates. Although many associated rate of change with derivative, only the best-prepared students
had valid reasoning and could find the correct interval with both endpoints.
 [2 marks]
10a.
Markscheme
attempt to form composite (M1)
e.g.
g(7 − 2x) ,
7 − 2x + 3
(g ∘ f)(x) = 10 − 2x A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
A majority of candidates found success in the opening question. Common errors in (a) were to give
f ∘ g or to multiply f by g.

[1 mark]
10b.
Markscheme
g−1 (x) = x − 3 A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
For (b) some gave the inverse as the reciprocal function
1
x+3
, or wrote
x = y+3 .

[2 marks]
10c.

g−1 (5)
2
f(5)
f(2) = 3

g−1

(f ∘ g−1 )(x) = 7 − 2(x − 3)

13 − 2x
(f ∘ g−1 )(5) = 3
 Examiners report
Most candidates chose to find a composite in (c), sometimes making simple errors when working with brackets and a negative sign.
Only a handful used the more efficient
f(2) = 3 . Additionally, it was not uncommon for candidates to give a correct substitution but not complete the result. Simple
expressions such as
(7 − 2x) + 3 should be finished as
10 − 2x .

[5 marks]
11a.
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
e.g.
b2 − 4ac ,
Δ=0,
(−4k)2 − 4(2k)(1)
correct equation A1
e.g.
(−4k)2 − 4(2k)(1) = 0 ,
16k2 = 8k ,
2k2 − k = 0
correct manipulation A1
e.g.
8k(2k − 1) ,
8± √64
32
1
k= 2
A2 N3

[5 marks]

Examiners report
Those who knew to set the discriminant to zero had little trouble completing part (a). Some knew that having two equal roots means
the factors must be the same, and thus surmised that
k = 12 will achieve
(x − 1)(x − 1) . This is a valid approach, provided the reasoning is completely communicated. Many candidates set
f = 0 and used the quadratic formula, which misses the approach entirely.

[2 marks]
11b.
Markscheme
recognizing vertex is on the x-axis M1
e.g. (1, 0) , sketch of parabola opening upward from the x-axis
p≥0 A1 N1
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Part (b) proved challenging for most, and was often left blank. Those who considered a graphical interpretation and sketched the
parabola found greater success.
 [1 mark]
12a.
Markscheme
v=1 A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Many candidates gave a correct initial velocity, although a substantial number of candidates answered that
0 + cos 0 = 0 .

[8 marks]
12b.
Markscheme
(i)
d
dt
(2t) = 2 A1
d
dt
(cos 2t) = −2 sin 2t A1A1

Note: Award A1 for coefficient 2 and A1 for

− sin 2t .
evidence of considering acceleration = 0 (M1)
e.g.
dv
dt
=0,
2 − 2 sin 2t = 0
correct manipulation A1
e.g.
sin 2k = 1 ,
sin 2t = 1
2k = π2 (accept
2t = π2 ) A1

k= π
4
AG N0

(ii) attempt to substitute

t = π4 into v (M1)
e.g.
2 ( π4 ) + cos( 2π4 )

v= π
2
A1 N2

[8 marks]

Examiners report
For (b), students commonly applied the chain rule correctly to achieve the derivative, and many recognized that the acceleration must
be zero. Occasionally a student would use a double-angle identity on the velocity function before differentiating. This is not incorrect,
but it usually caused problems when trying to show
k = π4 . At times students would reach the equation
sin 2k = 1 and then substitute the
π
4
, which does not satisfy the “show that” instruction.
 [4 marks]
12c.
Markscheme

A1A1A2 N4

Notes: Award A1 for y-intercept at

(0, 1) , A1 for curve having zero gradient at
t = π4 , A2 for shape that is concave down to the left of
π
4
and concave up to the right of
π
4
. If a correct curve is drawn without indicating
t = π4 , do not award the second A1 for the zero gradient, but award the final A2 if appropriate. Sketch need not be drawn to scale.
Only essential features need to be clear.
[4 marks]

Examiners report
The challenge in this question is sketching the graph using the information achieved and provided. This requires students to make
graphical interpretations, and as typical in section B, to link the early parts of the question with later parts. Part (a) provides the y-
intercept, and part (b) gives a point with a horizontal tangent. Plotting these points first was a helpful strategy. Few understood either
the notation or the concept that the function had to be increasing on either side of the
π
4
, with most thinking that the point was either a max or min. It was the astute student who recognized that the derivatives being
positive on either side of
π
4
creates a point of inflexion.

Additionally, important points should be labelled in a sketch. Indicating the

π
4
on the x-axis is a requirement of a clear graph. Although students were not penalized for not labelling the
π
2
on the y-axis, there should be a recognition that the point is higher than the y-intercept.
 [3 marks]
12d.
Markscheme
(i) correct expression A2
e.g.
∫01 (2t + cos 2t)dt ,
1
[t2 + sin22t ] 0 ,
1 + sin2 2 ,
1
∫0 vdt
(ii)

A1

Note: The line at

t = 1 needs to be clearly after
t = π4 .

[3 marks]

Examiners report
While some candidates recognized that the distance is the area under the velocity graph, surprisingly few included neither the limits of
integration in their expression, nor the “dt”. Most unnecessarily attempted to integrate the function, often giving an answer with “+C”,
and only earned marks if the limits were included with their result. Few recognized that a shaded area is an adequate representation of
distance on the sketch, with most fruitlessly attempting to graph a new curve.

[2 marks]
13a.
Markscheme
(1, − 2) A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates had little difficulty with this question.

[2 marks]
13b.
Markscheme
g(x) = 3(x − 1)2 − 2 (accept
p=1,
q = −2 ) A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates had little difficulty with this question.
 [2 marks]
13c.
Markscheme
(1, 2) A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates had little difficulty with this question. In part (c), a few reflected the vertex in the y-axis rather than the x-axis.

[6 marks]
14.
Markscheme
evidence of finding intersection points (M1)
e.g.
f(x) = g(x) ,
cos x2 = ex , sketch showing intersection
x = −1.11 ,
x = 0 (may be seen as limits in the integral) A1A1
evidence of approach involving integration and subtraction (in any order) (M1)
e.g.
0
∫−1.11 cos x2 − ex ,
∫ (cos x2 − ex )dx ,
∫ g−f
area = 0.282 A2 N3
[6 marks]

Examiners report
This question was poorly done by a great many candidates. Most seemed not to understand what was meant by the phrase "region
enclosed by" as several candidates assumed that the limits of the integral were those given in the domain. Few realized what area was
required, or that intersection points were needed. Candidates who used their GDCs to first draw a suitable sketch could normally
recognize the required region and could find the intersection points correctly. However, it was disappointing to see the number of
candidates who could not then use their GDC to find the required area or who attempted unsuccessful analytical approaches.

[2 marks]
15a.
Markscheme
B, D A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates were able to recognize the points of inflexion in part (a).
 [5 marks]
15b.
Markscheme
(i)
2
f ′ (x) = −2xe−x A1A1 N2
Note: Award A1 for
2
e−x and A1 for
−2x .
(ii) finding the derivative of
−2x , i.e.
−2 (A1)
evidence of choosing the product rule (M1)
e.g.
2
−2e−x
2
−2x × −2xe−x
2 2
−2e−x + 4x2 e−x A1
2
f ′′ (x) = (4x2 − 2)e−x AG N0
[5 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates were able to recognize the points of inflexion in part (a) and had little difficulty with the first and second derivatives
in part (b). A few did not recognize the application of the product rule in part (b).

[4 marks]
15c.
Markscheme
valid reasoning R1
e.g.
f ′′ (x) = 0
attempting to solve the equation (M1)
e.g.
(4x2 − 2) = 0 , sketch of
f ′′ (x)
p = 0.707
(= 1
) ,
√2
q = −0.707
(= − 1
) A1A1 N3
√2

[4 marks]

Examiners report
Obtaining the x-coordinates of the inflexion points in (c) usually did not cause many problems.
 [4 marks]
15d.
Markscheme
evidence of using second derivative to test values on either side of POI M1
e.g. finding values, reference to graph of
f ′′ , sign table
correct working A1A1
e.g. finding any two correct values either side of POI,
checking sign of
f ′′ on either side of POI
reference to sign change of
f ′′ (x) R1 N0
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Only the better-prepared candidates understood how to set up a second derivative test in part (d). Many of those did not show, or
clearly indicate, the values of x used to test for a point of inflexion, but merely gave an indication of the sign. Some candidates simply
resorted to showing that
f ′′ (± 1
) = 0 , completely missing the point of the question. The necessary condition for a point of inflexion, i.e.
√2
f ′′ (x) = 0 and the change of sign for
f ′′ (x) , seemed not to be known by the vast majority of candidates.

16a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
combining 2 terms (A1)
e.g.
log3 8x − log3 4 ,
log3 12 x + log3 4

expression which clearly leads to answer given A1

e.g.
log3 8x4 ,
log3 4x2

f(x) = log3 2x AG N0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Few candidates had difficulty with part (a) although it was often communicated using some very sloppy applications of the rules of
logarithm, writing
log 16
log 4
instead of
log( 164 ) .
 [3 marks]
16b.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute either value into f (M1)
e.g.
log3 1 ,
log3 9
f(0.5) = 0 ,
f(4.5) = 2 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Part (b) was generally done well.

[6 marks]
16c.
Markscheme
(i)
a=2,
b = 3 A1A1 N1N1
(ii)

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for sketch approximately through

(0.5 ± 0.1, 0 ± 0.1) , A1 for approximately correct shape, A1 for sketch asymptotic to the y-axis.
(iii)
x = 0 (must be an equation) A1 N1
[6 marks]

Examiners report
Part (c) (i) was generally done well; candidates seemed quite comfortable changing bases. There were some very good sketches in (c)
(ii), but there were also some very poor ones with candidates only considering shape and not the location of the x-intercept or the
asymptote. A surprising number of candidates did not use the scale required by the question and/or did not use graph paper to sketch
the graph. In some cases, it was evident that students simply transposed their graphs from their GDC without any analytical
consideration.
 [1 mark]
16d.
Markscheme
f −1 (0) = 0.5 A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Part (d) was poorly done as candidates did not consider the command term, “write down” and often proceeded to find the inverse
function before making the appropriate substitution.

[4 marks]
16e.
Markscheme

A1A1A1A1 N4

Note: Award A1 for sketch approximately through

(0 ± 0.1, 0.5 ± 0.1) , A1 for approximately correct shape of the graph reflected over
y = x , A1 for sketch asymptotic to x-axis, A1 for point
(2 ± 0.1, 4.5 ± 0.1) clearly marked and on curve.
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Part (e) eluded a great many candidates as most preferred to attempt to find the inverse analytically rather than simply reflecting the
graph of f in the line
y = x . This graph also suffered from the same sort of problems as the graph in (c) (ii). Some students did not have their curve passing
through
(2, 4.5) nor did they clearly indicate its position as instructed. This point was often mislabelled on the graph of f. The efforts in this
question demonstrated that students often work tenuously from one question to the next, without considering the "big picture",
thereby failing to make important links with earlier parts of the question.
 [4 marks]
17a.
Markscheme
attempt to apply rules of logarithms (M1)
e.g.
ln ab = b ln a ,
ln ab = ln a + ln b
correct application of
ln ab = b ln a (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
3 ln x = ln x3
correct application of
ln ab = ln a + ln b (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
ln 5x3 = ln 5 + ln x3
so
ln 5x3 = ln 5 + 3 ln x
g(x) = f(x) + ln 5 (accept
g(x) = 3 ln x + ln 5 ) A1 N1
[4 marks]

Examiners report
This question was very poorly done by the majority of candidates. While candidates seemed to have a vague idea of how to apply the
rules of logarithms in part (a), very few did so successfully. The most common error in part (a) was to begin incorrectly with
ln 5x3 = 3 ln 5x . This error was often followed by other errors.

[3 marks]
17b.
Markscheme
transformation with correct name, direction, and value A3
e.g. translation by
0
( ) , shift up by
ln 5
ln 5 , vertical translation of
ln 5
[3 marks]

Examiners report
In part (b), very few candidates were able to describe the transformation as a vertical translation (or shift). Many candidates attempted
to describe numerous incorrect transformations, and some left part (b) entirely blank.

[2 marks]
18a.
Markscheme
f(x) = −10(x + 4)(x − 6) A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Parts (a) and (c) of this question were very well done by most candidates.
 [4 marks]
18b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to find the x-coordinate of maximum point (M1)
e.g. averaging the x-intercepts, sketch,
y′ = 0 , axis of symmetry
attempting to find the y-coordinate of maximum point (M1)
e.g.
k = −10(1 + 4)(1 − 6)
f(x) = −10(x − 1)2 + 250 A1A1 N4
METHOD 2
attempt to expand
f(x) (M1)
e.g.
−10(x2 − 2x − 24)
attempt to complete the square (M1)
e.g.
−10((x − 1)2 − 1 − 24)
f(x) = −10(x − 1)2 + 250 A1A1 N4
[4 marks]

Examiners report
In part (b), many candidates attempted to use the method of completing the square, but were unsuccessful dealing with the coefficient
of
−10. Candidates who recognized that the x-coordinate of the vertex was 1, then substituted this value into the function from part (a),
were generally able to earn full marks here.

[2 marks]
18c.
Markscheme
attempt to simplify (M1)
e.g. distributive property,
−10(x − 1)(x − 1) + 250
correct simplification A1
e.g.
−10(x2 − 6x + 4x − 24) ,
−10(x2 − 2x + 1) + 250
f(x) = 240 + 20x − 10x2 AG N0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Parts (a) and (c) of this question were very well done by most candidates.
18d. [7 marks]

Markscheme
(i) valid approach (M1)
e.g. vertex of parabola,
v′ (t) = 0
t=1 A1 N2
(ii) recognizing
a(t) = v′ (t) (M1)
a(t) = 20 − 20t A1A1
speed is zero
⇒ t = 6 (A1)
a(6) = −100 (
ms−2 ) A1 N3
[7 marks]

Examiners report
In part (d), it was clear that many candidates were not familiar with the relationship between velocity and acceleration, and did not
understand how those concepts were related to the graph which was given. A large number of candidates used time
t = 1 in part b(ii), rather than
t = 6 . To find the acceleration, some candidates tried to integrate the velocity function, rather than taking the derivative of velocity.
Still others found the derivative in part b(i), but did not realize they needed to use it in part b(ii), as well.

[2 marks]
19a.
Markscheme
attempt to form composite (M1)
e.g.
f(2x − 5)
h(x) = 6x − 15 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates handled this question with ease. Some were not familiar with the notation of composite functions assuming that
(f ∘ g)(x) implied finding the composition and then multiplying this by x . Others misunderstood part (b) and found the reciprocal
function or the derivative, indicating they were not familiar with the notation for an inverse function.

19b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
interchanging x and y (M1)
evidence of correct manipulation (A1)
e.g.
y + 15 = 6x ,
x
6
= y − 52

h−1 (x) = x+15

6
A1 N3

[3 marks]
 Examiners report
Most candidates handled this question with ease. Some were not familiar with the notation of composite functions assuming that
(f ∘ g)(x) implied finding the composition and then multiplying this by x . Others misunderstood part (b) and found the reciprocal
function or the derivative, indicating they were not familiar with the notation for an inverse function.

[4 marks]
20a.
Markscheme

A1A1A1A1 N4

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape, A1 for left end point in circle, A1 for local maximum in circle, A1 for right end
point in circle.
[4 marks]

Examiners report
This question was well done by the majority of candidates. Most sketched an approximately correct shape in the given domain,
though some candidates did not realize they had to set their GDC to radians, producing a meaningless sketch. Candidates need to be
aware that unless otherwise specified, questions will expect radians to be used. The most confident candidates used a table to aid their
graphing. Although most recognized the need of the GDC to answer part (b), some used the trace function, hence obtaining an
inaccurate result, while others attempted a fruitless analytical approach. Merely stating "using GDC" is insufficient evidence of
method; a sketch or an equation set equal to zero are both examples of appropriate evidence.

20b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to solve
g(x) = −1 (M1)
e.g. marking coordinate on graph,
1
2
x sin x + 1 = 0

x = 3.71 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
This question was well done by the majority of candidates. Most sketched an approximately correct shape in the given domain,
though some candidates did not realize they had to set their GDC to radians, producing a meaningless sketch. Candidates need to be
aware that unless otherwise specified, questions will expect radians to be used. The most confident candidates used a table to aid their
graphing. Although most recognized the need of the GDC to answer part (b), some used the trace function, hence obtaining an
inaccurate result, while others attempted a fruitless analytical approach. Merely stating "using GDC" is insufficient evidence of
method; a sketch or an equation set equal to zero are both examples of appropriate evidence.
21a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
12 terms A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Most candidates attempted this question, and many made good progress. A number of candidates spent time writing out Pascal’s
triangle in full. Common errors included 11 for part (a) and not writing out the simplified form of the term for part (b). Another
common error was adding instead of multiplying the parts of the term in part (b).

21b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of binomial expansion (M1)
e.g.
( ) an−r br , an attempt to expand, Pascal’s triangle
n
r
evidence of choosing correct term (A1)
e.g. 10th term ,
r=9,
11
( ),
9
(x)2 (2)9
correct working A1
e.g.
11
( ) (x)2 (2)9 ,
9
55 × 29
28160x2 A1 N2
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates attempted this question, and many made good progress. A number of candidates spent time writing out Pascal’s
triangle in full. Common errors included 11 for part (a) and not writing out the simplified form of the term for part (b). Another
common error was adding instead of multiplying the parts of the term in part (b).

22a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to form composition (in any order) (M1)
(f ∘ g)(x) = (x − 1)2 + 4
(x2 − 2x + 5) A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates showed good understanding of finding the composite function in part (a).
 [3 marks]
22b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
vertex of
f ∘ g at (1, 4) (A1)
evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g. adding
3
( ) to the coordinates of the vertex of
−1
f∘g
vertex of h at (4, 3) A1 N3
METHOD 2
attempt to find
h(x) (M1)
e.g.
((x − 3) − 1)2 + 4 − 1 ,
h(x) = (f ∘ g)(x − 3) − 1
h(x) = (x − 4)2 + 3 (A1)
vertex of h at (4, 3) A1 N3
[3 marks]

Examiners report
There were some who did not seem to understand what the vector translation meant in part (b).

[2 marks]
22c.
Markscheme
evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g.
(x − 4)2 + 3 ,
(x − 3)2 − 2(x − 3) + 5 − 1
simplifying A1
e.g.
h(x) = x2 − 8x + 16 + 3 ,
x2 − 6x + 9 − 2x + 6 + 4
h(x) = x2 − 8x + 19 AG N0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates showed good understanding of manipulating the quadratic in part (c).
22d. [5 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
equating functions to find intersection point (M1)
e.g.
x2 − 8x + 19 = 2x − 6 ,
y = h(x)
x2 − 10x + 25 + 0 A1
evidence of appropriate approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
appropriate working A1
e.g.
(x − 5)2 = 0
x=5
(p = 5) A1 N3
METHOD 2
attempt to find
h′ (x) (M1)
h(x) = 2x − 8 A1
recognizing that the gradient of the tangent is the derivative (M1)
e.g. gradient at
p=2
2x − 8 = 2
(2x = 10) A1
x=5 A1 N3
[5 marks]

Examiners report
There was more than one method to solve for h in part (d), and a pleasing number of candidates were successful in this part of the
question.

23. [4 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of setting function to zero (M1)
e.g.
f(x) = 0 ,
8x = 2x2
evidence of correct working A1
e.g.
0 = 2x(4 − x) ,
−8± √64
−4

x-intercepts are at 4 and 0 (accept (4, 0) and (0, 0) , or

x=4,
x = 0 ) A1A1 N1N1
[4 marks]

Examiners report
This question was answered well by most candidates.
 [5 marks]
24.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
equating functions to find intersection point (M1)
e.g.
x2 − 8x + 19 = 2x − 6 ,
y = h(x)
x2 − 10x + 25 + 0 A1
evidence of appropriate approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
appropriate working A1
e.g.
(x − 5)2 = 0
x=5
(p = 5) A1 N3
METHOD 2
attempt to find
h′ (x) (M1)
h(x) = 2x − 8 A1
recognizing that the gradient of the tangent is the derivative (M1)
e.g. gradient at
p=2
2x − 8 = 2
(2x = 10) A1
x=5 A1 N3
[5 marks]

Examiners report
There was more than one method to solve for h in part (d), and a pleasing number of candidates were successful in this part of the
question.

[4 marks]
25a.

f(x) = 0
8x = 2x2

0 = 2x(4 − x)
−8± √64
−4

x=4
x=0
 Examiners report
This question was answered well by most candidates.

25b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
x = 2 (must be equation) A1 N1
(ii) substituting
x = 2 into
f(x) (M1)
y=8 A1 N2
[3 marks]

Examiners report
This question was answered well by most candidates. Some did not give an equation for their axis of symmetry.

[2 marks]
26a.
Markscheme
interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) (M1)
e.g.
x = log √y (accept any base)

evidence of correct manipulation A1

e.g.
3x = √y ,
1
3y = x 2 ,
x = 12 log3 y ,
2y = log3 x
f −1 (x) = 32x AG N0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates were generally skilled at finding the inverse of a logarithmic function.
26b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) (M1)
e.g.
x = log √y (accept any base)

evidence of correct manipulation A1

e.g.
3x = √y ,
1
3y = x 2 ,
x = 12 log3 y ,
2y = log3 x
f −1 (x) = 32x AG N0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates were generally skilled at finding the inverse of a logarithmic function.

27. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
x = 2 (must be equation) A1 N1
(ii) substituting
x = 2 into
f(x) (M1)
y=8 A1 N2
[3 marks]

Examiners report
This question was answered well by most candidates. Some did not give an equation for their axis of symmetry.

[1 mark]
28a.
Markscheme
y>0,
f −1 (x) > 0 A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Few correctly gave the range of this function, often stating “all real numbers” or “
y ≥ 0 ”, missing the idea that the range of an inverse is the domain of the original function.
 [4 marks]
28b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
finding
g(2) = log3 2 (seen anywhere) A1
attempt to substitute (M1)
e.g.
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 32 log 32
evidence of using log or index rule (A1)
e.g.
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 3log 34 ,
2
3log3 2
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 4 A1 N1
METHOD 2
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
e.g.
(f −1 ∘ g)(x) = 32log3 x
evidence of using log or index rule (A1)
e.g.
2
(f −1 ∘ g)(x) = 3log3 x ,
2
3log3 x
(f −1 ∘ g)(x) = x2 A1
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 4 A1 N1
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Some candidates answered part (c) correctly, although many did not get beyond
32log3 2 . Some attempted to form the composite in the incorrect order. Others interpreted
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) as multiplication by 2.

28c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
y>0,
f −1 (x) > 0 A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
Few correctly gave the range of this function, often stating “all real numbers” or “
y ≥ 0 ”, missing the idea that the range of an inverse is the domain of the original function.
 [4 marks]
28d.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
finding
g(2) = log3 2 (seen anywhere) A1
attempt to substitute (M1)
e.g.
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 32 log 32
evidence of using log or index rule (A1)
e.g.
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 3log 34 ,
2
3log3 2
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 4 A1 N1
METHOD 2
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
e.g.
(f −1 ∘ g)(x) = 32log3 x
evidence of using log or index rule (A1)
e.g.
2
(f −1 ∘ g)(x) = 3log3 x ,
2
3log3 x
(f −1 ∘ g)(x) = x2 A1
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) = 4 A1 N1
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Some candidates answered part (c) correctly, although many did not get beyond
32log3 2 . Some attempted to form the composite in the incorrect order. Others interpreted
(f −1 ∘ g)(2) as multiplication by 2.
29a. [8 marks]
Markscheme
f(x) = x2 − 2x − 3 A1A1A1
evidence of solving
f ′ (x) = 0 (M1)
e.g.
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
evidence of correct working A1
e.g.
(x + 1)(x − 3) ,
2± √16
2

x = −1 (ignore
x = 3 ) (A1)
evidence of substituting their negative x-value into
f(x) (M1)
e.g.
1
3
(−1)3 − (−1)2 − 3(−1) ,
− 13 − 1 + 3
5
y= 3
A1
coordinates are
(−1, 53 ) N3

[8 marks]

Examiners report
A majority of candidates answered part (a) completely.

[6 marks]
29b.
Markscheme
(i)
(−3, − 9) A1 N1
(ii)
(1, − 4) A1A1 N2
(iii) reflection gives
(3, 9) (A1)
stretch gives
( 32 , 9) A1A1 N3

[6 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates were generally successful in finding images after single transformations in part (b). Common incorrect answers for (biii)
included
( 32 , 92 ) , (6, 9) and (6, 18) , demonstrating difficulty with images from horizontal stretches.
 [8 marks]
29c.
Markscheme
f(x) = x2 − 2x − 3 A1A1A1
evidence of solving
f ′ (x) = 0 (M1)
e.g.
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
evidence of correct working A1
e.g.
(x + 1)(x − 3) ,
2± √16
2

x = −1 (ignore
x = 3 ) (A1)
evidence of substituting their negative x-value into
f(x) (M1)
e.g.
1
3
(−1)3 − (−1)2 − 3(−1) ,
− 13 − 1 + 3
5
y= 3
A1

coordinates are
(−1, 53 ) N3

[8 marks]

Examiners report
A majority of candidates answered part (a) completely.

29d. [6 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
(−3, − 9) A1 N1
(ii)
(1, − 4) A1A1 N2
(iii) reflection gives
(3, 9) (A1)
stretch gives
( 32 , 9) A1A1 N3

[6 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates were generally successful in finding images after single transformations in part (b). Common incorrect answers for (biii)
included
( 32 , 92 ) , (6, 9) and (6, 18) , demonstrating difficulty with images from horizontal stretches.
30a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
q = −2 ,
r = 4 or
q=4,
r = −2 A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
The majority of candidates were successful on some or all parts of this question, with some candidates using a mix of algebra and
graphical reasoning and others ignoring the graph and working only algebraically. Some did not recognize that p and q are the roots
of the quadratic function and hence gave the answers as 2 and
−4.

30b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
x = 1 (must be an equation) A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
A common error in part (b) was the absence of an equation. Some candidates wrote down the equation
x = −b
2a
but were not able to substitute correctly. Those students did not realize that the axis of symmetry is always halfway between
the x-intercepts.

30c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
substituting
(0, − 4) into the equation (M1)
e.g.
−4 = p(0 − (−2))(0 − 4) ,
−4 = p(−4)(2)
correct working towards solution (A1)
e.g.
−4 = −8p
p = 48
(= 12 ) A1 N2

[3 marks]

Examiners report
More candidates had trouble with part (c) with erroneous substitutions and simplification mistakes commonplace.
30d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
q = −2 ,
r = 4 or
q=4,
r = −2 A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
The majority of candidates were successful on some or all parts of this question, with some candidates using a mix of algebra and
graphical reasoning and others ignoring the graph and working only algebraically. Some did not recognize that p and q are the roots
of the quadratic function and hence gave the answers as 2 and
−4.

30e. [1 mark]

Markscheme
x = 1 (must be an equation) A1 N1
[1 mark]

Examiners report
A common error in part (b) was the absence of an equation. Some candidates wrote down the equation
x = −b
2a
but were not able to substitute correctly. Those students did not realize that the axis of symmetry is always halfway between
the x-intercepts.

30f. [3 marks]

Markscheme
substituting
(0, − 4) into the equation (M1)
e.g.
−4 = p(0 − (−2))(0 − 4) ,
−4 = p(−4)(2)
correct working towards solution (A1)
e.g.
−4 = −8p
p = 48
(= 12 ) A1 N2

[3 marks]

Examiners report
More candidates had trouble with part (c) with erroneous substitutions and simplification mistakes commonplace.

31a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
f ( π2 ) = cos π (A1)

= −1 A1 N2
[2 marks]
 Examiners report
In part (a), a number of candidates were not able to evaluate
cos π , either leaving it or evaluating it incorrectly.

31b. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(g ∘ f) ( π2 ) = g(−1)
(= 2(−1)2 − 1) (A1)
=1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Almost all candidates evaluated the composite function in part (b) in the given order, many earning follow-through marks for
incorrect answers from part (a). On both parts (a) and (b), there were candidates who correctly used double-angle formulas to come
up with correct answers; while this is a valid method, it required unnecessary additional work.

31c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
f ( π2 ) = cos π (A1)

= −1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
In part (a), a number of candidates were not able to evaluate
cos π , either leaving it or evaluating it incorrectly.

31d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(g ∘ f) ( π2 ) = g(−1)
(= 2(−1)2 − 1) (A1)
=1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
Almost all candidates evaluated the composite function in part (b) in the given order, many earning follow-through marks for
incorrect answers from part (a). On both parts (a) and (b), there were candidates who correctly used double-angle formulas to come
up with correct answers; while this is a valid method, it required unnecessary additional work.
 [3 marks]
31e.
Markscheme
(g ∘ f)(x) = 2(cos(2x))2 − 1
(= 2cos2 (2x) − 1) A1
evidence of
2cos2 θ − 1 = cos 2θ (seen anywhere) (M1)
(g ∘ f)(x) = cos 4x
k=4 A1 N2
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates were not as successful in part (c). Many tried to use double-angle formulas, but either used the formula incorrectly or used
it to write the expression in terms of
cos x and went no further. There were a number of cases in which the candidates "accidentally" came up with the correct answer
based on errors or lucky guesses and did not earn credit for their final answer. Only a few candidates recognized the correct method
of solution.

31f. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(g ∘ f)(x) = 2(cos(2x))2 − 1
(= 2cos2 (2x) − 1) A1
evidence of
2cos2 θ − 1 = cos 2θ (seen anywhere) (M1)
(g ∘ f)(x) = cos 4x
k=4 A1 N2
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates were not as successful in part (c). Many tried to use double-angle formulas, but either used the formula incorrectly or used
it to write the expression in terms of
cos x and went no further. There were a number of cases in which the candidates "accidentally" came up with the correct answer
based on errors or lucky guesses and did not earn credit for their final answer. Only a few candidates recognized the correct method
of solution.
 [7 marks]
32a.
Markscheme
recognizing
log a + log b = log ab (seen anywhere) (A1)
e.g.
log2 (x(x − 2)) ,
x2 − 2x
recognizing
loga b = x ⇔ ax = b (A1)
e.g.
23 = 8
correct simplification A1
e.g.
x(x − 2) = 23 ,
x2 − 2x − 8
evidence of correct approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
correct working A1
e.g.
(x − 4)(x + 2) ,
2± √36
2

x=4 A2 N3
[7 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates secure in their understanding of logarithm properties usually had success with this problem, solving the resulting quadratic
either by factoring or using the quadratic formula. The majority of successful candidates correctly rejected the solution that was not in
the domain. A number of candidates, however, were unclear on logarithm properties. Some unsuccessful candidates were able to
demonstrate understanding of one property but without both were not able to make much progress. A few candidates employed a
“guess and check” strategy, but this did not earn full marks.
32b. [7 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing
log a + log b = log ab (seen anywhere) (A1)
e.g.
log2 (x(x − 2)) ,
x2 − 2x
recognizing
loga b = x ⇔ ax = b (A1)
e.g.
23 = 8
correct simplification A1
e.g.
x(x − 2) = 23 ,
x2 − 2x − 8
evidence of correct approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
correct working A1
e.g.
(x − 4)(x + 2) ,
2± √36
2

x=4 A2 N3
[7 marks]

Examiners report
Candidates secure in their understanding of logarithm properties usually had success with this problem, solving the resulting quadratic
either by factoring or using the quadratic formula. The majority of successful candidates correctly rejected the solution that was not in
the domain. A number of candidates, however, were unclear on logarithm properties. Some unsuccessful candidates were able to
demonstrate understanding of one property but without both were not able to make much progress. A few candidates employed a
“guess and check” strategy, but this did not earn full marks.

[5 marks]
33a.
Markscheme
(i)
sin x = 0 A1
x=0,
x = π A1A1 N2
(ii)
sin x = −1 A1
3π
x= 2
A1 N1

[5 marks]

Examiners report
Many candidates again had difficulty finding the common angles in the trigonometric equations. In part (a), some did not show
sufficient working in solving the equations. Others obtained a single solution in (a)(i) and did not find another. Some candidates
worked in degrees; the majority worked in radians.
 [1 mark]
33b.
Markscheme
3π
2
A1 N1

[1 mark]

Examiners report
While some candidates appeared to use their understanding of the graph of the original function to find the x-intercept in part (b), most
used their working from part (a)(ii) sometimes with follow-through on an incorrect answer.

33c. [5 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
sin x = 0 A1
x=0,
x = π A1A1 N2
(ii)
sin x = −1 A1
3π
x= 2
A1 N1

[5 marks]

Examiners report
Many candidates again had difficulty finding the common angles in the trigonometric equations. In part (a), some did not show
sufficient working in solving the equations. Others obtained a single solution in (a)(i) and did not find another. Some candidates
worked in degrees; the majority worked in radians.

33d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
3π
2
A1 N1

[1 mark]

Examiners report
While some candidates appeared to use their understanding of the graph of the original function to find the x-intercept in part (b), most
used their working from part (a)(ii) sometimes with follow-through on an incorrect answer.
 [6 marks]
33e.
Markscheme
evidence of using anti-differentiation (M1)
e.g.
3π
∫0 2 (6 + 6 sin x)dx
correct integral
6x − 6 cos x (seen anywhere) A1A1
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
6 ( 3π2 ) − 6 cos( 3π2 ) − (−6 cos 0) ,
9π − 0 + 6
k = 9π + 6 A1A1 N3
[6 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates recognized the need for integration in part (c) but far fewer were able to see the solution through correctly to the end.
Some did not show the full substitution of the limits, having incorrectly assumed that evaluating the integral at 0 would be 0; without
this working, the mark for evaluating at the limits could not be earned. Again, many candidates had trouble working with the
common trigonometric values.

[2 marks]
33f.
Markscheme
translation of
π
( 2 ) A1A1 N2
0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
While there was an issue in the wording of the question with the given domains, this did not appear to bother candidates in part (d).
This part was often well completed with candidates using a variety of language to describe the horizontal translation to the right by
π
2
.

33g. [6 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of using anti-differentiation (M1)
e.g.
3π
∫0 2 (6 + 6 sin x)dx
correct integral
6x − 6 cos x (seen anywhere) A1A1
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
6 ( 3π2 ) − 6 cos( 3π2 ) − (−6 cos 0) ,
9π − 0 + 6
k = 9π + 6 A1A1 N3
[6 marks]
 Examiners report
Most candidates recognized the need for integration in part (c) but far fewer were able to see the solution through correctly to the end.
Some did not show the full substitution of the limits, having incorrectly assumed that evaluating the integral at 0 would be 0; without
this working, the mark for evaluating at the limits could not be earned. Again, many candidates had trouble working with the
common trigonometric values.

[2 marks]
33h.
Markscheme
translation of
π
( 2 ) A1A1 N2
0
[2 marks]

Examiners report
While there was an issue in the wording of the question with the given domains, this did not appear to bother candidates in part (d).
This part was often well completed with candidates using a variety of language to describe the horizontal translation to the right by
π
2
.

33i. [3 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing that the area under g is the same as the shaded region in f (M1)
π
p= , 2
p = 0 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates who attempted part (e) realized that the integral was equal to the value that they had found in part (c), but a majority
tried to integrate the function g without success. Some candidates used sketches to find one or both values for p. The problem in the
wording of the question did not appear to have been noticed by candidates in this part either.

[3 marks]
33j.
Markscheme
recognizing that the area under g is the same as the shaded region in f (M1)
π
p= , 2
p = 0 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates who attempted part (e) realized that the integral was equal to the value that they had found in part (c), but a majority
tried to integrate the function g without success. Some candidates used sketches to find one or both values for p. The problem in the
wording of the question did not appear to have been noticed by candidates in this part either.
 [3 marks]
34a.
Markscheme

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape, A1 for right endpoint at

(25, 0) and A1 for maximum point in circle.
[3 marks]

Examiners report
The graph in part (a) was well done. It was pleasing to see many candidates considering the domain as they sketched their graph.

34b. [3 marks]

Markscheme

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape, A1 for right endpoint at

(25, 0) and A1 for maximum point in circle.
[3 marks]
 Examiners report
The graph in part (a) was well done. It was pleasing to see many candidates considering the domain as they sketched their graph.

[4 marks]
34c.
Markscheme
(i) recognizing that d is the area under the curve (M1)
e.g.
∫ v(t)
correct expression in terms of t, with correct limits A2 N3
e.g.
9
d = ∫0 (15√t − 3t)dt ,
9
d = ∫0 vdt
(ii)
d = 148.5 (m) (accept 149 to 3 sf) A1 N1
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Part (b) (i) asked for an expression which bewildered a great many candidates. However, few had difficulty obtaining the correct
answer in (b) (ii).

[4 marks]
34d.
Markscheme
(i) recognizing that d is the area under the curve (M1)
e.g.
∫ v(t)
correct expression in terms of t, with correct limits A2 N3
e.g.
9
d = ∫0 (15√t − 3t)dt ,
9
d = ∫0 vdt
(ii)
d = 148.5 (m) (accept 149 to 3 sf) A1 N1
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Part (b) (i) asked for an expression which bewildered a great many candidates. However, few had difficulty obtaining the correct
answer in (b) (ii).
35a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach R1
e.g.
f ′′ (x) = 0 , the max and min of
f ′ gives the points of inflexion on f
−0.114, 0.364 (accept (
−0.114, 0.811) and (
0.364, 2.13)) A1A1 N1N1
[3 marks]

Examiners report
There were mixed results in part (a). Students were required to understand the relationships between a function and its derivative and
often obtained the correct solutions with incorrect or missing reasoning.

35b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach R1
e.g.
f ′′ (x) = 0 , the max and min of
f ′ gives the points of inflexion on f
−0.114, 0.364 (accept (
−0.114, 0.811) and (
0.364, 2.13)) A1A1 N1N1
[3 marks]

Examiners report
There were mixed results in part (a). Students were required to understand the relationships between a function and its derivative and
often obtained the correct solutions with incorrect or missing reasoning.

35c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
graph of g is a quadratic function R1 N1
a quadratic function does not have any points of inflexion R1 N1
METHOD 2
graph of g is concave down over entire domain R1 N1
therefore no change in concavity R1 N1
METHOD 3
g′′ (x) = −144 R1 N1
therefore no points of inflexion as
g′′ (x) ≠ 0 R1 N1
[2 marks]
 Examiners report
In part (b), the question was worth two marks and candidates were required to make two valid points in their explanation. There were
many approaches to take here and candidates often confused their reasoning or just kept writing hoping that somewhere along the
way they would say something correct to pick up the points. Many confused
f ′ and
g′ .

36. [3 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g.
f(x) = 0 , graph
a = −1.73 ,
b = 1.73
– –
(a = −√3, b = √3) A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

Examiners report
This question was well done by many candidates. If there were problems, it was often with incorrect or inappropriate GDC use. For
example, some candidates used the trace feature to answer parts (a) and (b), which at best, only provides an approximation.

37. [2 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
graph of g is a quadratic function R1 N1
a quadratic function does not have any points of inflexion R1 N1
METHOD 2
graph of g is concave down over entire domain R1 N1
therefore no change in concavity R1 N1
METHOD 3
g′′ (x) = −144 R1 N1
therefore no points of inflexion as
g′′ (x) ≠ 0 R1 N1
[2 marks]

Examiners report
In part (b), the question was worth two marks and candidates were required to make two valid points in their explanation. There were
many approaches to take here and candidates often confused their reasoning or just kept writing hoping that somewhere along the
way they would say something correct to pick up the points. Many confused
f ′ and
g′ .
38a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g.
f(x) = 0 , graph
a = −1.73 ,
b = 1.73
– –
(a = −√3, b = √3) A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

Examiners report
This question was well done by many candidates. If there were problems, it was often with incorrect or inappropriate GDC use. For
example, some candidates used the trace feature to answer parts (a) and (b), which at best, only provides an approximation.

38b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to find max (M1)
e.g. setting
f ′ (x) = 0 , graph
c = 1.15 (accept (1.15, 1.13)) A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
This question was well done by many candidates. If there were problems, it was often with incorrect or inappropriate GDC use. For
example, some candidates used the trace feature to answer parts (a) and (b), which at best, only provides an approximation.

[3 marks]
38c.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute either limits or the function into formula M1
e.g.
V = π∫0 [f(x)] 2 dx ,
c

2
π∫ [x ln(4 − x2 )] ,
1.149… 2
π ∫0 y dx

V = 2.16 A2 N2
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates were able to set up correct expressions for parts (c) and (d) and if they had used their calculators, could find the
correct answers. Some candidates omitted the important parts of the volume formula. Analytical approaches to (c) and (d) were
always futile and no marks were gained.
38d. [4 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach recognizing 2 regions (M1)
e.g. finding 2 areas
correct working (A1)
e.g.
−1.73… 1.149…
∫0 f(x)dx+ ∫0 f(x)dx ,
0 1.149…
− ∫−1.73… f(x)dx+ ∫0 f(x)dx

area
= 2.07 (accept 2.06) A2 N3
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates were able to set up correct expressions for parts (c) and (d) and if they had used their calculators, could find the
correct answers. Some candidates omitted the important parts of the volume formula. Analytical approaches to (c) and (d) were
always futile and no marks were gained.

38e. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to find max (M1)
e.g. setting
f ′ (x) = 0 , graph
c = 1.15 (accept (1.15, 1.13)) A1 N2
[2 marks]

Examiners report
This question was well done by many candidates. If there were problems, it was often with incorrect or inappropriate GDC use. For
example, some candidates used the trace feature to answer parts (a) and (b), which at best, only provides an approximation.

38f. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to substitute either limits or the function into formula M1
e.g.
V = π∫0 [f(x)] 2 dx ,
c

2
π∫ [x ln(4 − x2 )] ,
1.149…
π ∫0 y2 dx
V = 2.16 A2 N2
[3 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates were able to set up correct expressions for parts (c) and (d) and if they had used their calculators, could find the
correct answers. Some candidates omitted the important parts of the volume formula. Analytical approaches to (c) and (d) were
always futile and no marks were gained.
 [4 marks]
38g.
Markscheme
valid approach recognizing 2 regions (M1)
e.g. finding 2 areas
correct working (A1)
e.g.
−1.73… 1.149…
∫0 f(x)dx+ ∫0 f(x)dx ,
0 1.149…
− ∫−1.73… f(x)dx+ ∫0 f(x)dx
area
= 2.07 (accept 2.06) A2 N3
[4 marks]

Examiners report
Most candidates were able to set up correct expressions for parts (c) and (d) and if they had used their calculators, could find the
correct answers. Some candidates omitted the important parts of the volume formula. Analytical approaches to (c) and (d) were
always futile and no marks were gained.

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