🌍 International Development: Summary
⃣ Definition of Development
1️
Development refers to the progress in a country's economic
growth, social well-being, and quality of life.
It includes improvements in:
o Income levels
o Health care (e.g., life expectancy)
o Education (e.g., literacy rates)
o Access to clean water and basic services
o Equality and human rights
⃣ Measuring Development
2️
Development is measured using various indicators, including:
Indicator Description
GDP per capita Average income per person
Human Development Index Combines life expectancy, education, and
(HDI) income
Number of babies per 1,000 births who
Infant mortality rate
die before age 1
Literacy rate Percentage of adults who can read and
Indicator Description
write
Life expectancy Average age a person can expect to live
Percentage of population with safe
Access to clean water
drinking water
⃣ Factors Affecting Development
3️
Factor Explanation
Physical Landlocked countries, poor climate, and natural
geography disasters limit trade and development.
Historical Colonialism often left countries with weak
factors economies and poor infrastructure.
Political Stable governments attract investment, while
stability conflict disrupts development.
Economic Economies based on agriculture or a few exports
structure are more vulnerable.
Debt and trade Heavy debts and unfair trade practices can limit
terms growth.
⃣ Uneven Development and Its Consequences
4️
The Development Gap refers to the widening differences
between richer (Global North) and poorer (Global South)
countries.
Consequences include:
o Poverty and inequality
o Health problems (e.g., higher rates of disease)
o Low education levels
o Urbanization challenges (e.g., slums)
o Migration (rural to urban, international)
⃣ Reducing the Development Gap
5️
Strategies to reduce disparities include:
Strategy Details
Financial or technical help from richer to
Aid
poorer countries.
Ensuring farmers and producers in poorer
Fair trade
countries receive a fair price.
Cancelling debts to allow countries to invest
Debt relief
in development.
Building infrastructure, education, and
Investment
healthcare.
Generating income and jobs in developing
Tourism
countries.
Strategy Details
Sustainable Balancing economic, social, and environmental
development needs for the long-term.
⃣ Case Studies for Development
6️
You might encounter case studies such as:
Kenya: Benefits and challenges of tourism as a development
strategy.
India: Rapid economic growth and its impact on development.
Haiti: Effects of natural disasters on development.
⃣ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
7️
The United Nations SDGs are 17 global goals aimed at ending
poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring peace and
prosperity by 2030.
💡 Final Thoughts
International development is complex and multifaceted. It
involves economic, social, political, and environmental factors.
Solutions must be fair, inclusive, and sustainable to create a
better future for all.
International Development - Flashcards
Q: Definition of Development
A: Progress in a country's economic growth, social well-being,
and quality of life.
Q: Indicators of Development
A: GDP per capita, HDI, literacy rate (also: life expectancy,
infant mortality rate, access to clean
water).
Q: GDP per capita
A: Average income per person.
Q: Human Development Index (HDI)
A: Life expectancy, education, and income.
Q: Factors Affecting Development
A: Physical (climate, landlocked), political stability,
historical (colonialism).
Q: Development Gap
A: Widening differences between richer (Global North) and poorer
(Global South) countries.
Q: Consequences of Uneven Development
A: Poverty, health problems, low education, urbanization
challenges, migration.
Q: Reducing the Development Gap
A: Aid, fair trade, debt relief, investment, tourism, sustainable
development.
Q: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
A: 17 global goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and
promote peace by 2030.
Q: Case Studies
A: Kenya (tourism), India (economic growth), Haiti (natural
disasters).
