Structural Analysis and Design Report

of
Sherpa mall Building (B)
at
Kathmandu, Nepal
 Contents
A. Project Detail ...............................................................................................4
Building Design Parameters ..........................................................................................5
Materials ........................................................................................................................5
Concrete ........................................................................................................................ 5
Reinforcement ............................................................................................................... 5
Load Calculations ..........................................................................................................5
Dead Load ..................................................................................................................... 5
Superimposed Dead Loads ............................................................................................6
Live Loads .....................................................................................................................6
Wall Loads ................................................................................................................... 6
Seismic Loads:- ............................................................................................................. 7
Load Combination .........................................................................................................8
Mass Source .................................................................................................................. 9
B. Structural Analysis ................................................................................... 10
3D modelling of the building ...................................................................................... 10
C. Design of Elements: .................................................................................. 29
Design of Column ....................................................................................................... 29
Design of Slab ............................................................................................................. 33
Raft Footing Design .................................................................................................... 38
1. Annexure .....................................................................................................42
2. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 55
3. References ...................................................................................................56

Figure 2 : 3D Modeling of the building ............................................................................................11

Figure 3 : Plan of the building .......................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4 : Elevation of the building ..................................................................................................12
Figure 5 : Story Displacement along X-Direction at Ultimate Limit State<0.025*Ru*h ................14
Figure 6 : Story Displacement along Y-Direction at Ultimate Limit State <0.025*Ru*h ................14
Figure 7 : Story Drift along X-Direction at Ultimate Limit State <0.025*Ru .................................. 15
Figure 8 : Story Drift along Y-Direction at Ultimate Limit State <0.025*Ru .................................. 15
Figure 9 : Bending Moment Diagram ...............................................................................................16
Figure 10 : Shear Force Diagram ..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 11 : Beam/Column Capacity Ratio Along Grid 1 ................................................................. 18
Figure 12 : Beam/Column Capacity Ratio Along Grid 2 ................................................................. 19
Figure 13 : Beam/Column Capacity Ratio Along Grid 3 ................................................................. 20
Figure 14 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid 1 ................................................................................21
Figure 15 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid 2 ................................................................................22
Figure 16 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid 3 ................................................................................23
Figure 17 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid A ............................................................................... 24
Figure 18 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid B ............................................................................... 25
Figure 19 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid C ............................................................................... 26
Figure 20 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid D ............................................................................... 27
Figure 21 : Reinforcement Detail along Grid E ............................................................................... 28
Figure 22 : Finite element model and Size of Footing ..................................................................... 38
Figure 23 : Soil pressure diagram (Max permissible= 105 KN/m2) ................................................ 39
Figure 24 : Displacement diagram (Max permissible = 25mm) .......................................................39
Figure 25 : Punching shear demand capacity ratiois more than 1 in three nodes .............................40
Figure 26 : Strip based design (Layer A) ......................................................................................... 40
Figure 27 : Strip based design (Layer B) ..........................................................................................41
Figure 28 : First Mode Tranlation in X direection .......................................................................... 43
Figure 29 : Second Mode Tranlation in Y direection .......................................................................44
Figure 30 : Third Mode Rotation ....................................................................................................45

Tables
Table 1 : Auto Seismic - NBC 105: 2020 ...........................................................................................8
Table 2 : Modal Participating Mass Ratios: ..................................................................................... 13
Table 3 : Story Shear ........................................................................................................................ 46
Table 4 : Story Drift ..........................................................................................................................46
Table 5 : Diaphragm Center of mass Displacement ......................................................................... 50
Table 6 : Story Stiffness Irregularity Check .....................................................................................54
Table 7 : Torsional Irregularity Check ............................................................................................. 54
 A. Project Detail
Name of the Project : Sherpa Mall

Location : Durbarmarga, Kathmandu, Nepal

Type of Building: The Building covers a total plinth area of ground floor 213.39 sq. m.
The building has been designed for five numbers of stores.

This report has been prepared as a part of the structural engineering analysis and design of
buildings.

Figure 1: Architectural Plan of Building

Building Design Parameters
The building consists of an RCC framed structure, which is essentially an assembly of
cast-in-situ-concrete beams and columns. Floors and roof consist of cast-in-place concrete
slabs. Lateral load resisting system consists of dual system (frame and shear wall) and the
system has been designed to meet the ductility requirements of IS 13920 – 2016 and
NBC105:2020.
For the design of the building, the Nepal Standard criteria for earthquake resistant NBC
105: 2020 have been referred to. All other factors related with the seismic design were also
adopted as for Nepal of NBC 105:2020.

Materials
Following loads have been considered for the analysis and design of the building based on
the relevant Indian Standards.

Concrete
Concrete is to conform to IS 456:2000 Structural use of concrete. Unless noted otherwise
concrete is to be normal-weight, with a typical dry density of 2400 kg/m3. Concrete is to
achieve the 28-day cube strength as 25 N/mm2.
Grade of Concrete : M25 For Column, Beam, slab, stair, RCC Wall
Reinforcement
Reinforcement bars are to be in accordance with IS 456:2000 specification for carbon steel
bars for the reinforcement of concrete is to be in accordance with IS 1786:2008
specifications for high deformed steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete.
The following design strengths are to be used for the design of concrete and reinforcement.
Grade of Rebar : High Yield Fe 500 N/mm2

Load Calculations
Dead Load
Dead loads are calculated on the basis of unit weights of the specified construction
materials in accordance with NBC 102:1994.
Reinforced concrete: 25 KN / m3
Brick work with plaster: 19.2 KN/m3
Sand/ cement screed: 20 KN/m2
AAC Block work with plaster: 6.374 KN/m3
Superimposed Dead Loads
Based on architectural drawing of the building, dead loads due to partition walls, floor
finish and other special purpose services has been calculated.
Live Loads
The Live Load for building has been adopted as given NBC 103:1994 Loads for
Commercial Building

For Shop, Toilets 4 KN/m2

For staircases 4 KN/m2
For balcony 4 KN/m2
For passage 4 KN/m2
For terrace 2 KN/m2
For Room 3 KN/m2

Wall Loads
Unit Weight of AEC Block = 6.374 KN/m^3
Unit weight of Plaster = 20.4 KN/m^3
Slab Thickness = 0.0 m
Beam Depth = 0.6 m

Floor
Height wall Total
wall to Plaster Plaster
of wt/m wt/m Remarks
thickness(mm) Floor Thickness(mm) wt/m
wall run run
Ht.
without
200 3.3 2.7 3.44 20.00 1.102 4.54
opening
with
200 3.3 2.7 3.44 20.00 1.102 1.36
opening(30%)
without
100 3.3 2.7 1.72 20.00 1.102 2.82
opening
with
100 3.3 2.7 1.72 20.00 1.102 0.85
opening(30%)
Seismic Loads:-
Input:
Location of Building : kathmandu
Type of Structure: Moment resisting concrete frame
Type of Building : Reinforced Moment Resisting Frame
Seismic Zoning Factor (Table 4.5 NBC 105-2020) Z= 0.35
Importance Factor : (Table 4.6 NBC 105-2020) I= 1.25
Height of Building : h= 18.85
Method of Analysis: Response Spectrum Method
Soil Type D

Period of Vibration :
For Reinforced Moment Resisting Frame T1 = 1.25*kt h0.75 0.848 Sec
Lower Period of the Flat Part of the Spectrum Ta = 0.5
Upper Period of the Flat Part of the Spectrum Tc = 2
Peak Spectral Acceleration Normalized by PGA α= 2.25
Coefficient to control the descending branch of the Spectrum K= 0.8

Ref Table 5.2 NBC 105 :2020

Ductility Factor for ULS State Ru = 4
Overstrength Factor for ULS State Ωu = 1.5
Overstrength Factor for SLS State Ωs = 1.25

Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor : Ch (T)

Since Ta<=T1<=Tc Ch (T) = 2.250

Elastic Site Spectra for the Horizontal Loading (Clause 4.1.1 NBC 105-2020) C(T) = Ch(T) Z I = 0.984

Elastic Site Spectra for the Vertical Loading (Clause 4.2 NBC 105-2020) Cv = 2/3*Z 0.233

Elastic Site Spectra for the SLS State (Clause 4.2 NBC 105-2020) Cs = 0.2 * C(T) = 0.197

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient for Response Spectrum Method :

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient at the ULS State

Cdu = C(T)/ (Ru Ωu) = 0.164

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient at the SLS State

Cds = Cs/ Ωs = 0.158

Exponent related to the structural period k 1.1740

ETABS utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral seismic loads.
User provides seismic zone co-efficient and desired seismic load command.
The structural period (T) is calculated manually and input in the software.
W is obtained from the weight data provided by the user.

The total lateral seismic load (base shear) is then distributed by the program among
different levels of the structure

Static Coefficient Method of Analysis was performed using NBC 105: 2020 code. The
design base shear was compared with base shear computed using fundamental period.
Table 1: Auto Seismic - NBC 105: 2020

Is Auto Ecc Top Bottom Weight Used Base Shear

Name C K
Load Ratio Story Story
kN kN
EQx SLS No 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174
EQx
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174 14646.3169 2314.1181
SLS(1/3)
EQx
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174 14646.3169 2314.1181
SLS(2/3)
EQx
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174 14646.3169 2314.1181
SLS(3/3)
EQx ULS No 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174
EQx
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174 14646.3169 2401.996
ULS(1/3)
EQx
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174 14646.3169 2401.996
ULS(2/3)
EQx
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174 14646.3169 2401.996
ULS(3/3)
EQy SLS No 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174
EQy
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174 14646.3169 2314.1181
SLS(1/3)
EQy
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174 14646.3169 2314.1181
SLS(2/3)
EQy
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.158 1.174 14646.3169 2314.1181
SLS(3/3)
EQy ULS No 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174
EQy
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174 14646.3169 2401.996
ULS(1/3)
EQy
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174 14646.3169 2401.996
ULS(2/3)
EQy
Yes 0.1 Story5 Base 0.164 1.174 14646.3169 2401.996
ULS(3/3)

Load Combination
The load combination has been taken as given NBC 105: 2020. The said code has
recommended the following load combination
1.2DL + 1.5LL
DL +0.3 LLn +0.6LLs± ELx/y
DL +0.3 LLn + 0.6 LLs ± RSx/y
The concrete has been designed using limit state method based on IS 456 –2000. The
detailing of reinforcement has been based on IS 13920 –2016 and where required Uniform
Building Code of USA has been also referred to for detailing of reinforcement. The design
has been based on the most critical load combination mentioned above.

Mass Source
Mass Source has been adopted as per NBC 105:2020 which suggest to take factor 1 for
Dead load and 0.3 factor for normal live load and 0.6 factor for live load used for storage
purpose.
 B. Structural Analysis
The analysis and design have been carried out using software called ETABS v20.0.1,
which is a special purpose computer program developed specifically for building
structures. It provides the Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify,
analyze, design, and optimize the structural elements in a building model. The building
geometry based on architectural drawings been generated using above named software.
The dead load, live load and lateral loads were supplied to the digital models as per
standard code of practices. Several analysis runs were performed to achieve the best result
to meet the design and service requirements.

For the analysis, following loading parameters were considered:

Self-weight of the frames and slabs

Floor finishing dead loads

Fixed wall loads as per architectural drawings

Staircase load

Partition wall loads as per architectural drawings only.

Live loads

3D modelling of the building

3D model of the building
Plan of the building
Elevation of the building
Figure 1: 3D Modeling of the building
 Figure 2: Plan of the building

Figure 3: Elevation of the building

Table 2: Modal Participating Mass Ratios:

Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY

sec
Modal 1 0.974 0.6762 0.00004931 0.6762 0.00004931
Modal 2 0.965 0.0001 0.859 0.6762 0.8591
Modal 3 0.824 0.188 0.0006 0.8642 0.8597
Modal 4 0.291 0.0712 0.0001 0.9354 0.8598
Modal 5 0.283 0.0001 0.0813 0.9355 0.9411
Modal 6 0.25 0.008 0.0003 0.9435 0.9414
Modal 7 0.15 0.0204 0.000004187 0.964 0.9414
Modal 8 0.144 0.0001 0.0198 0.964 0.9612
Modal 9 0.129 0.0013 0.0021 0.9653 0.9633
Modal 10 0.113 0.000009821 0.0015 0.9653 0.9648
Modal 11 0.106 0.00003528 0.0005 0.9654 0.9653
Modal 12 0.091 0.0076 0.0001 0.9729 0.9655
Modal 13 0.084 0.00003564 0.0073 0.9729 0.9728
Modal 14 0.078 0.0008 0.0003 0.9737 0.9731
Modal 15 0.065 0.0023 0.000007443 0.976 0.9731
Modal 16 0.061 0.0001 0.0023 0.9761 0.9754
Modal 17 0.055 0.0006 0.0003 0.9767 0.9757
Modal 18 0.053 0.0001 0.00003133 0.9768 0.9757
Modal 19 0.051 0.000007461 0 0.9768 0.9757
Modal 20 0.049 0.0001 0.0001 0.9768 0.9758

We have,
90% mode participation in exactly 5 modes Corresponding Time period (T) = 0.283 sec
Corresponding frequency (f) = 1/T = 3.53 Hz

As per NBC 105: 2077 Clause 7.3 , f<33 Hz, which is OK

Figure 4: Story Displacement along X-Direction at Ultimate Limit State<0.025*Ru*h

Figure 5: Story Displacement along Y-Direction at Ultimate Limit State <0.025*Ru*h

 Figure 6: Story Drift along X-Direction at Ultimate Limit State <0.025*Ru

Figure 7: Story Drift along Y-Direction at Ultimate Limit State <0.025*Ru

Note: Since the limiting value of drift ratio and displacement at serviceability limit state
(SLS) is
0.006 and 0.006*h respectably which is greater than the obtained drift ratio and
displacement along both directions even in ultimate limit state (ULS). So, we can skip
these checks for serviceability limit state using the Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient at
the SLS as this coefficient is less for SLS than ULS
Figure 8: Bending Moment Diagram
Figure 9: Shear Force Diagram
Figure 10: Beam/Column Capacity Ratio Along Grid 1
Figure 11: Beam/Column Capacity Ratio Along Grid 2
Figure 12: Beam/Column Capacity Ratio Along Grid 3
Figure 13: Reinforcement Detail along Grid 1
Figure 14: Reinforcement Detail along Grid 2
Figure 15: Reinforcement Detail along Grid 3
Figure 16: Reinforcement Detail along Grid A
Figure 17: Reinforcement Detail along Grid B
Figure 18: Reinforcement Detail along Grid C
Figure 19: Reinforcement Detail along Grid D
Figure 20: Reinforcement Detail along Grid E
 C. Design of Elements:
The design of all structural elements is done using ‘Limit State Method’. All relevant
Limit State is considered in design to ensure adequate safety and serviceability.
The design includes design for durability, construction and use in service should be
considered as a whole. The realization of design objectives requires compliance with
clearly defined standards for materials, production, workmanship, and also maintenance
and use of structure in service.
This section includes all the design process of sample calculation for a single element as
column, beam, slab and foundation.
Design of Column
DL+0.6SL+0.3LL+EQY-
Combo ID 0.3EQX
Element C10 600*1000
Axial Force Pu = 107.198 KN
Factored Moment about x-axis Mux = 2,161.860 KN-m
Factored Moment about y-axis Muy = 338.644 KN-m
Breadth b= 600.000 mm
Depth D= 1,000.000 mm

N/mm
Grade of concrete fck = 25.000 2

N/mm
Grade of reinforcement fy = 500.000 2
Cover considered d' = 40.000 mm
d'/D 0.067
Percentage of steel Pt = 2.388 %
Pt/fck = 0.096
Pu/(fck*b*D) = 0.007
From graph of SP16, Mu/(fck*b*D^2 ) 0.190
Moment carrying capacity of Column
Along X-axis (Mux1) = (Mu/fckbD^2)*(fck*b*D^2) 2,850.000 KN-m
Along Y-axis (Muy1)= (Mu/fck*b*D^2)* (fck*D*b^2) 1,710.000 KN-m

6,00,000.0
Gross Area (Ac) = 00 mm2
Area of steel taken from software 14,328.00 mm2
Axial Load Carrying capacity of Column
(Pz)=0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc 12,123.000 KN
Pu/Pz 0.009
Mux/Mux1 0.759
Muy/Muy1 0.198
α =1+((Pu/Pz-0.2)/(0.8-0.2))*1 1.000
(Mux/Mux1) ^ α + (Muy/Muy1) ^ α 0.957 <1
SAFE
Area of reinforcement required(As) 14,328.000 mm2

Column Design
Combo ID DL+0.3LL+0.6SL+EQX+0.3EQY
Element 600x600
Plinth C11
Axial Force Pu = 3,841.000 KN
Factored Moment about x-axis Mux = 211.390 KN-m
Factored Moment about y-axis Muy = 625.440 KN-m
Breadth b= 600.000 mm
Depth D= 600.000 mm
Grade of concrete fck = 25.000 N/mm2
Grade of reinforcement fy = 500.000 N/mm2
Cover considered d' = 40.000 mm
d'/D 0.067
Percentage of steel Pt = 2.458 %
Pt/fck = 0.098
Pu/(fck*b*D) = 0.427
From graph of SP16, Mu/(fck*b*D^2 ) 0.140
Moment carrying capacity of Column
Along X-axis (Mux1) = (Mu/fckbD^2)*(fck*b*D^2) 756.000 KN-m
Along Y-axis (Muy1)= (Mu/fck*b*D^2)* (fck*D*b^2) 756.000 KN-m
Gross Area (Ac) = 3,60,000.000 mm2
Area of steel taken from software 8,847.00 mm2
Axial Load Carrying capacity of Column (Pz)=0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc 7,367.625 KN
Pu/Pz 0.521
Mux/Mux1 0.280
Muy/Muy1 0.827
α =1+((Pu/Pz-0.2)/(0.8-0.2))*1 1.536
(Mux/Mux1) ^ α + (Muy/Muy1) ^ α 0.889 <1
SAFE
Area of reinforcement required(As) 8,847.000 mm2
Column Design
Combo ID DL+0.3LL+0.6SL+EQX+0.3EQY
Element 550x550
Plinth C11
Axial Force Pu = 3,267.000 KN
Factored Moment about x-axis Mux = 186.920 KN-m
Factored Moment about y-axis Muy = 440.000 KN-m
Breadth b= 600.000 mm
Depth D= 600.000 mm
Grade of concrete fck = 25.000 N/mm2
Grade of reinforcement fy = 500.000 N/mm2
Cover considered d' = 40.000 mm
d'/D 0.067
Percentage of steel Pt = 2.054 %
Pt/fck = 0.082
Pu/(fck*b*D) = 0.363
From graph of SP16, Mu/(fck*b*D^2 ) 0.130
Moment carrying capacity of Column
Along X-axis (Mux1) = (Mu/fckbD^2)*(fck*b*D^2) 702.000 KN-m
Along Y-axis (Muy1)= (Mu/fck*b*D^2)* (fck*D*b^2) 702.000 KN-m
Gross Area (Ac) = 3,60,000.000 mm2
Area of steel taken from software 7,394.00 mm2
Axial Load Carrying capacity of Column (Pz)=0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc 6,822.750 KN
Pu/Pz 0.479
Mux/Mux1 0.266
Muy/Muy1 0.627
α =1+((Pu/Pz-0.2)/(0.8-0.2))*1 1.465
(Mux/Mux1) ^ α + (Muy/Muy1) ^ α 0.648 <1
SAFE
Area of reinforcement required(As) 7,394.000 mm2
 Design of Beam
ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design (Summary)

Beam Element Details (Part 1 of 2)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B23 35 Beam 300x600 DL+0.3L+0.6SL+EQY-0.3EQX 3400 3700 1

Beam Element Details (Part 2 of 2)

Type
Ductile Frame

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
300 600 300 0 43 43

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-390.798 0.0804 282.4094 -8.7757

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-390.798 0.142 0 -390.94

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -390.94 1916 10 1916 479
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 958 10 0 958
 Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu
Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
369.9943 0 370.4234 348.5664 1842.86

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.0783 282.4094 234 534 0

Design of Slab
1. DESIGN DATA

Longer Span of the critical Slab (Ly) = 3.55 m

Shorter Span of the critical Slab (Lx)= 2.75 m
Grade of Concrete used (σck) = 25 N/mm2
Width of slab, b = 1000 mm
Grade of steel used (σy) = 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of Marble= 27 kN/m3
Unit weight of screed = 20.4 kN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.4 kN/m3
Thickness of screed = 40 mm
Thickness of plaster = 12.5 mm
Assume Thickness of slab (D) = 125 mm
Effective depth of slab d= 105 mm

2. BENDING MOMENT COEFFICIENT

Type of slab Panal = Interior Panels

Aspect Ratio of the slab Considered Ly/Lx = 1.291
Bending Moment Coefficient for 1.2 for 1.3 for 1.291
Coeff for -ve moment, βx = 0.043 0.047 0.047
Coeff for +ve moment, βx = 0.032 0.036 0.036
Coeff for -ve moment, βy = 0.047 0.047
Coeff for +ve moment, βy = 0.035 0.035

3. LOAD CALCULATION

Dead load of slab = 3.125 kN/m2

Dead load due to screed = 0.816 kN/m2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.255 kN/m2
Dead load due to Partition Wall = 2 kN/m2
Live load at Slab = 3 kN/m2
Total Load = 9.196 kN/m2
Factored Design Load = 13.794 kN/m2
Factored Design Load per meter = 13.794 kN/m
4. MOMENT CALCULATION

Design -ve moment for short span, Mx 4.9 kN-m

Design +ve moment for short span, Mx 3.7 kN-m
Design -ve moment for long span, My 4.9 kN-m
Design +ve moment for long span, My 3.7 kN-m

5. CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT

Design for -ve Reinforcement =

Along Short span 108.8 mm2
Along Long span 109.6 mm2
Design for +ve Reinforcement =
Along Short span 82.7 mm2
Along Long span 81.2 mm2

Minimum reinforcement required (Ast)= 187.5 mm2

Bar dia. Area

Spacing Spacing Area provided
Direction Provided Required No. of bar
Required mm Provided mm mm2
mm mm2

Shorter
Support 8 109 4 250.00 150 334.93
Shorter
Mid 8 83 4 267.95 150 334.93
Longer
Support 8 110 4 267.95 150 334.93
Longer
Mid 8 81 4 267.95 150 334.93

6. CHECK FOR SHEAR

Shear coefficient = 0.60

Design Shear Force Vu = 22.76 kN
Nominal shear stress (tv) = 0.22 N/mm2
Percent tension steel (Pt) = 0.27 N/mm2
Shear strength of M20 Concrete and 0.27% steel tc = 0.38 N/mm2
Shear Strength Coefficient for(d<=150) ks = 1.30 N/mm2
Shear strength in slab t'c = 0.49 N/mm2
Maximum Shear stress for M25 Grade Concrete tc, max = 2.80 N/mm2
Safe in shear

7. CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Required Tension reinforcement % for short span Pt= 0.21

Provided Tension reinforcement % for short span Pt= 0.27
Basic value of span to effective depth (L/d) ) ratio α = 26
Modification factor for span > 10m β = 1
Mu/bd2= 0.34
Steel stress of service fs= 162.35
Required modification factor for tension reinforcement 1.01
Actual Modification factor for tension reinforcement =γ 2.00
Allowable short span to effective depth ratio Lx/d = 52.00
Calculated short span to effective depth ratio (Lx/d) = 26.19
Safe in deflection

DOGLEGGED WELL STAIRCASE

1. DESIGN DATA

Risers = R = 150 mm
Tread = T = 280 mm
Grade of Concrete used (σck) = 25.0 N/mm²
Grade of steel used (σy) = 500.0 N/mm²
Live load at Stair = 4.00 kN/m²
Width of wall where stair is resting = 230 mm

1. EFFECTIVE SPAN

For Longest Flight

Effective span (L) = (0 + 2.8+1.5+0.23)m 4.53 m

2. THICKNESS OF WAIST SLAB

Effective Depth Ratio (L/d) = 26

Depth of the waist slab (d) = (4530/26) = 175.0 mm
Overall depth of Waist Slab (D) = 195.0 mm

2. CALCULATION OF LOADS

On Flight
Self wt. of Slab on Horizontial area (w) = 5.53 kN/m²
Self wt. of Steps = 1.88 kN/m²
Live Load = 3.00 kN/m²
Weight of Finishes = 0.47 kN/m²
Total Load = 11 kN/m²

On Landing
Self wt. of Landing Slab = 4.88 kN/m²
Weight of Finishes = 1.30 kN/m²
Live Load = 3.00 kN/m²
Total Load = 9.18 kN/m²

3. BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE

10.88 kN/m
9.18 kN/m 9.18 kN/m
A B
0.12 m 2.80 m 1.62 m

Reaction at Support B (RB) = 22.37 kN

Reaction at Support A (RA) = 23.95 kN
C.G = 2.188 m

Maximum Bending Moment (Mmax) = 39.49 kN m

Maximum Shear Force (Vmax) = 23.95 kN

Factored Bending Moment (Mu) = 59.24 kN m

Factored Shear Force (Vu) = 35.92 kN

4. CHECK FOR DEPTH OF WAIST SLAB

��
=
d= 0.138 ∗ ��� ∗ � 131.0 mm
OK

5. CALCULATION OF MAIN BARS :

Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*(d -Ast * fy /fck/b)

Ast min 0.12% of bD = 210 mm²
Tension Reinforcement = Ast = 863 mm²
Try, Φ = 16 mm
AΦ = ΠΦ²/4= 201 mm²
Spacing = bx AΦ / Ast reqd. = 378 mm
Provide 16 mm - Φ bars @ 150 mm c/c
Ast .provided = b x AΦ /spacing = 1340 mm²
pt =100Ast./bd = % > 0.12% = 0.8 %
Φ-max = 1/8*D= 24.375 12 mm
OK
Maximum spacing = least of 3d & 300mm 300 mm
OK
5. CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION BARS :
Area of distribution bars =0.12% of bD = 234.00 mm²
Try, Φ = 12 mm AΦ = ΠΦ²/4= 113.04 mm²
Spacing = b x AΦ / Ast reqd. = 483 mm
Provide 12 mm - Φ bars @ 150 mm c/c
Maximum spacing = least of 5d & 450mm 450 mm
OK

6. CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vmax =V at d distance from support = 35.9 kN

Nominal ShearStress , Гv =V/bd (Cl. 40.1) = 0.2 N/mm²
Maximum shear Stress, Гcmax for M20 ) 2.8 N/mm²
Percentage of Tension Reinforcement =pt =100Ast/bd = 0.8 %
Design Shear Strength of Concrete with pt% and M20, Гc = 0.6 N/mm²
Enhanced Shear Strength , Гc' = k x Гc =1.3 x Гc = 0.7 N/mm²
OK

7. CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

fs =0.58x fy x Ast, required / Ast, provided = 186.9 N/mm²

Mu/bd^2 1.19 α = 26
β for L <10 = 1 γ = 1.68
Actual (L / d) Ratio = 25.89
Basic (L/d) ratio = 43.68
OK

Design Bond Stress of concrete M25 for plain bars in tension, Гbd 1.2 N/mm²
Design bond Stress of M25 for deformed bars in tension, Гbd' =1.6 x Гbd = 1.9 N/mm²
Design bond Stress of M25 for deformed bars in comp.=1.25*above= 2.4 N/mm²
Stress in bar at the section considered at design load =σs =0.87*fy = 435.0 N/mm²
Diameter of the main tension bars (Fe 500) = Φ = 16 mm
Tension Steel Development length = Ld =Φσs/4Гbd = 906 mm
Compression Steel Development length = Ld =Φσs/4Гbd = 725 mm
Min. embedment = Ld / 3 302 mm
Embedment with U hooks behind centre of support = bs/2-25+16Φ= 381 mm
Ld should be available in either direction to top as well as bottom bars.
Hence provide , Ld = 550 mm for comp. bars & 700 mm for tension. bars.
Raft Footing Design

Figure 21: Finite element model and Size of Footing

 CONSTRUCTION SITE
Soil type Type II
Bearing capacity 105 KN/m2
 DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS
Footing 700mm

 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Cement Ordinary Portland cement
Grade of concrete M20 for the entire member
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear reinforcement

 METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Load Combination Used for Design : Service ( DL+Colrxn)
Strength 1.5(DL+Colrxn)
Figure 22: Soil pressure diagram (Max permissible= 105 KN/m2)
Max soil pressure= 57.82 KN/m2

Figure 23: Displacement diagram (Max permissible = 25mm)

 Max displacement= 10.359 mm

Figure 24: Punching shear demand capacity ratiois more than 1 in three nodes
Notes:-Depth is Increased in those nodes.

Figure 25: Strip based design (Layer A)

Max top rebar required= 2024.227 mm2/m
Max bottom rebar required= 2533.59 mm2/m
 Figure 26: Strip based design (Layer B)
Max top rebar required= 2083.668 mm2/m
Max bottom rebar required= 1906.133 mm2/m

Summary:

Thickness of all footing is 700mm

Provide all bars of 20mm @ 150mm c/c bars as described
1. Annexure
1. Analysis of Structure
2. Modal Analysis
3. Total No of Mode Consider : 20
4. Effective No of Mode : 5

Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY

sec
Modal 1 0.974 0.6762 0.00004931 0.6762 0.00004931
Modal 2 0.965 0.0001 0.859 0.6762 0.8591
Modal 3 0.824 0.188 0.0006 0.8642 0.8597
Modal 4 0.291 0.0712 0.0001 0.9354 0.8598
Modal 5 0.283 0.0001 0.0813 0.9355 0.9411
Modal 6 0.25 0.008 0.0003 0.9435 0.9414
Modal 7 0.15 0.0204 0.000004187 0.964 0.9414
Modal 8 0.144 0.0001 0.0198 0.964 0.9612
Modal 9 0.129 0.0013 0.0021 0.9653 0.9633
Modal 10 0.113 0.000009821 0.0015 0.9653 0.9648
Modal 11 0.106 0.00003528 0.0005 0.9654 0.9653
Modal 12 0.091 0.0076 0.0001 0.9729 0.9655
Modal 13 0.084 0.00003564 0.0073 0.9729 0.9728
Modal 14 0.078 0.0008 0.0003 0.9737 0.9731
Modal 15 0.065 0.0023 0.000007443 0.976 0.9731
Modal 16 0.061 0.0001 0.0023 0.9761 0.9754
Modal 17 0.055 0.0006 0.0003 0.9767 0.9757
Modal 18 0.053 0.0001 0.00003133 0.9768 0.9757
Modal 19 0.051 0.000007461 0 0.9768 0.9757
Modal 20 0.049 0.0001 0.0001 0.9768 0.9758
Figure 27: First Mode Tranlation in X direection
Figure 28: Second Mode Tranlation in Y direection
Figure 29: Third Mode Rotation
Table 3: Story Shear

Load Case VX VY
kN kN
EQx-SLS 2314.118 -
EQx-ULS 2401.996 -
EQy-SLS - 2314.118
EQy-ULS - 2401.996

Table 4: Story Drift

Output Case Step Step X Y Z

Story Direction Drift Label
Case Type Type Number m m m
Step
EQx
Story5 LinStatic By 1 X 0.001662 2 0 4.5 18.85
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story5 LinStatic By 2 X 0.001687 12 13.9 10 18.85
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story5 LinStatic By 3 X 0.001701 7 10.3 0 18.85
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story5 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.001708 15 21 8.2 18.85
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story5 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.001955 15 21 8.2 18.85
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story5 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.001756 5 5.2 4.5 18.85
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story5 LinStatic By 1 X 0.001601 2 0 4.5 18.85
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story5 LinStatic By 2 X 0.001626 12 13.9 10 18.85
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story5 LinStatic By 3 X 0.001639 7 10.3 0 18.85
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story5 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.001646 15 21 8.2 18.85
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story5 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.001884 15 21 8.2 18.85
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story5 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.001692 5 5.2 4.5 18.85
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story4 LinStatic By 1 X 0.002549 30 0 10.84 15.7
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story4 LinStatic By 2 X 0.002687 30 0 10.84 15.7
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story4 LinStatic By 3 X 0.002415 12 13.9 10 15.7
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story4 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.00266 14 21 4.5 15.7
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story4 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.003067 14 21 4.5 15.7
ULS
Step
 Step
EQy
Story4 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.002747 2 0 4.5 15.7
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story4 LinStatic By 1 X 0.002456 30 0 10.84 15.7
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story4 LinStatic By 2 X 0.002589 30 0 10.84 15.7
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story4 LinStatic By 3 X 0.002326 12 13.9 10 15.7
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story4 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.002563 14 21 4.5 15.7
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story4 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.002955 14 21 4.5 15.7
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story4 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.002646 2 0 4.5 15.7
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story3 LinStatic By 1 X 0.003516 30 0 10.84 12.4
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story3 LinStatic By 2 X 0.003725 30 0 10.84 12.4
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story3 LinStatic By 3 X 0.003308 30 0 10.84 12.4
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story3 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.003587 14 21 4.5 12.4
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story3 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.004164 14 21 4.5 12.4
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story3 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.003984 30 0 10.84 12.4
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story3 LinStatic By 1 X 0.003388 30 0 10.84 12.4
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story3 LinStatic By 2 X 0.003588 30 0 10.84 12.4
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story3 LinStatic By 3 X 0.003187 30 0 10.84 12.4
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story3 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.003456 14 21 4.5 12.4
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story3 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.004012 14 21 4.5 12.4
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story3 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.003838 30 0 10.84 12.4
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story2 LinStatic By 1 X 0.004326 30 0 10.84 9.1
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story2 LinStatic By 2 X 0.004589 30 0 10.84 9.1
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story2 LinStatic By 3 X 0.004063 30 0 10.84 9.1
ULS
Step
 Step
EQy
Story2 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.004248 10 13.9 0 9.1
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story2 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.004955 13 21 0 9.1
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story2 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.004947 3 0 10 9.1
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story2 LinStatic By 1 X 0.004168 30 0 10.84 9.1
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story2 LinStatic By 2 X 0.004421 30 0 10.84 9.1
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story2 LinStatic By 3 X 0.003915 30 0 10.84 9.1
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story2 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.004093 10 13.9 0 9.1
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story2 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.004774 13 21 0 9.1
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story2 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.004766 3 0 10 9.1
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story1 LinStatic By 1 X 0.004813 3 0 10 5.8
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story1 LinStatic By 2 X 0.005065 3 0 10 5.8
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story1 LinStatic By 3 X 0.00456 3 0 10 5.8
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story1 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.004682 3 0 10 5.8
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story1 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.005141 13 21 0 5.8
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Story1 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.005569 3 0 10 5.8
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Story1 LinStatic By 1 X 0.004636 3 0 10 5.8
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story1 LinStatic By 2 X 0.00488 3 0 10 5.8
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Story1 LinStatic By 3 X 0.004393 3 0 10 5.8
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story1 LinStatic By 1 Y 0.004511 3 0 10 5.8
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story1 LinStatic By 2 Y 0.004953 13 21 0 5.8
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Story1 LinStatic By 3 Y 0.005365 3 0 10 5.8
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Plinth LinStatic By 1 X 0.002762 11 13.9 4.5 2.5
ULS
Step
 Step
EQx
Plinth LinStatic By 2 X 0.002788 9 10.3 10 2.5
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Plinth LinStatic By 3 X 0.002758 11 13.9 4.5 2.5
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Plinth LinStatic By 1 Y 0.002656 2 0 4.5 2.5
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Plinth LinStatic By 2 Y 0.002798 14 21 4.5 2.5
ULS
Step
Step
EQy
Plinth LinStatic By 3 Y 0.003159 2 0 4.5 2.5
ULS
Step
Step
EQx
Plinth LinStatic By 1 X 0.002661 11 13.9 4.5 2.5
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Plinth LinStatic By 2 X 0.002686 9 10.3 10 2.5
SLS
Step
Step
EQx
Plinth LinStatic By 3 X 0.002657 11 13.9 4.5 2.5
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Plinth LinStatic By 1 Y 0.002559 2 0 4.5 2.5
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Plinth LinStatic By 2 Y 0.002696 14 21 4.5 2.5
SLS
Step
Step
EQy
Plinth LinStatic By 3 Y 0.003043 2 0 4.5 2.5
SLS
Step

Allowable Drift

For Ultimate Limit State=0.00625

Calculated Drift

For Serviceability Limit State(EQXSLS) = 0.00488 (OK)

Calculated Drift

For Serviceability Limit State(EQYSLS) = 0.005365 (OK)

Calculated Drift

For Ultimate Limit State(EQXULS) = 0.005065 (OK)

Calculated Drift for Ultimate Limit State(EQYULS) = 0.005569 (OK)

For Serviceability Limit State=0.006

Table 5: Diaphragm Center of mass Displacement

Output Step UX UY RZ
Story Diaphragm Case Type Step Type
Case Number mm mm rad

Story5 D5 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 56.806 -0.158 -0.000866

Story5 D5 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 57.059 -0.047 -0.001439

Story5 D5 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 56.552 -0.269 -0.000294

Story5 D5 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.524 59.965 4E-05

Story5 D5 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.999 59.731 0.001126

Story5 D5 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 -0.05 60.199 -0.001047

Story5 D5 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 54.727 -0.152 -0.000835

Story5 D5 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 54.972 -0.045 -0.001386

Story5 D5 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 54.483 -0.259 -0.000283

Story5 D5 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.505 57.771 3.9E-05

Story5 D5 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.963 57.546 0.001085

Story5 D5 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 -0.048 57.996 -0.001008

Story4 D4 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 52.049 0.11 -0.00077

Story4 D4 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 52.621 0.211 -0.001276

Story4 D4 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 51.477 0.01 -0.000264

Story4 D4 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.443 54.775 -8E-06

Story4 D4 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -1.515 54.586 0.000941

Story4 D4 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.63 54.964 -0.000957

Story4 D4 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 50.145 0.106 -0.000742

Story4 D4 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 50.696 0.203 -0.001229

Story4 D4 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 49.593 0.009 -0.000254

Story4 D4 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.427 52.771 -8E-06

Story4 D4 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -1.46 52.589 0.000907

Story4 D4 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.607 52.953 -0.000922

Story3 D3 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 43.92 0.094 -0.000494

Story3 D3 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 44.394 0.269 -0.000922

Story3 D3 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 43.446 -0.081 -6.7E-05

Story3 D3 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.269 46.481 -6.5E-05

Story3 D3 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -1.156 46.153 0.000734

Story3 D3 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.618 46.809 -0.000865

Story3 D3 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 42.313 0.091 -0.000476

Story3 D3 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 42.77 0.26 -0.000888

Story3 D3 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 41.856 -0.078 -6.4E-05

Story3 D3 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.259 44.78 -6.3E-05

Story3 D3 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -1.114 44.465 0.000707

Story3 D3 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.596 45.096 -0.000834

Story2 D2 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 33.158 0.018 -0.000132

Story2 D2 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 33.495 0.162 -0.000452

Story2 D2 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 32.821 -0.126 0.000188

Story2 D2 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.099 34.996 -0.0001

Story2 D2 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.728 34.726 0.000497

Story2 D2 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.531 35.265 -0.000698

Story2 D2 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 31.945 0.017 -0.000127

Story2 D2 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 32.27 0.156 -0.000435

Story2 D2 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 31.62 -0.122 0.000181

Story2 D2 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.095 33.715 -9.7E-05

Story2 D2 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.702 33.456 0.000479

Story2 D2 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.512 33.975 -0.000672

Story1 D1 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 20.277 0.027 0.000203

Story1 D1 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 20.46 0.142 1.3E-05

Story1 D1 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 20.095 -0.088 0.000394

Story1 D1 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.007 21.116 -0.000109

Story1 D1 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.348 20.902 0.000247

Story1 D1 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.334 21.33 -0.000465

Story1 D1 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 19.536 0.026 0.000196

Story1 D1 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 19.712 0.136 1.2E-05

Story1 D1 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 19.36 -0.085 0.00038

Story1 D1 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.007 20.344 -0.000105

Story1 D1 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.335 20.137 0.000238

Story1 D1 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.322 20.55 -0.000448

Plinth D0 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 6.636 -0.627 -0.00048

Plinth D0 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 6.636 -0.549 -0.000554

Plinth D0 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 6.636 -0.704 -0.000406

Plinth D0 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 0.059 6.486 -1.4E-05

Plinth D0 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 0.058 6.341 0.000127

Plinth D0 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.059 6.631 -0.000155

Plinth D0 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 6.393 -0.604 -0.000462

Plinth D0 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 6.393 -0.529 -0.000534

Plinth D0 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 6.393 -0.679 -0.000391

Plinth D0 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 0.056 6.248 -1.3E-05

Plinth D0 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 0.056 6.109 0.000123

Plinth D0 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 0.057 6.388 -0.000149

Story5 D5 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 56.806 -0.158 -0.000866

Story5 D5 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 57.059 -0.047 -0.001439

Story5 D5 EQx ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 56.552 -0.269 -0.000294

Story5 D5 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.524 59.965 4E-05

Story5 D5 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.999 59.731 0.001126

Story5 D5 EQy ULS LinStatic Step By Step 3 -0.05 60.199 -0.001047

Story5 D5 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 54.727 -0.152 -0.000835

Story5 D5 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 54.972 -0.045 -0.001386

Story5 D5 EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 54.483 -0.259 -0.000283

Story5 D5 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1 -0.505 57.771 3.9E-05

Story5 D5 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 2 -0.963 57.546 0.001085

Story5 D5 EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 3 -0.048 57.996 -0.001008

Allowable Displacement for Serviceability Limit State = 109.98 mm

Allowable Displacement for Ultimate Limit State = 114.5625 mm

Calculated Displacement for Serviceability Limit State in X direction = 56.806 mm (OK)

Calculated Displacement for Serviceability Limit State in Y direction = 59.965 mm (OK)

Calculated Displacement for Ultimate Limit State in X direction = 57.059 mm (OK)

Calculated Displacement for Ultimate Limit State in Y direction = 60.11 mm (OK)

Table 6: Story Stiffness Irregularity Check

Storey Stiffness Irregularity Check

Story Check
X-direction Y-direction
Lateral
Lateral Stiffness Stiffness isn't
Story
isn't less than Lateral less than
Lateral Stiffness Lateral Stiffness 80% of the Lateral Stiffness Stiffness isn't 80% of the
isn't less than 70% average less than 70% average
of that in the story stiffness of 3 of that in the stiffness of 3
above storys above story above storys above
Story5 480.7356 - - 94164.027 - -
Story4 1181.5467 OK OK 146283.167 OK OK
Story3 1747.2318 OK OK 160815.923 OK OK
Story2 2139.1103 OK OK 161939.695 OK OK
Story1 2370.3261 OK OK 163315.06 OK OK

Table 7: Torsional Irregularity Check

Torsional Irregularity Check

Lateral Load case Value in Direction Δ1 Δ2 Δmax Δmin Δmax/Δmin
< 1.5 OK
Eqx X 57.74 55.06 57.74 55.06 1.05
< 2.0 OK
< 1.5 OK
Eqy Y 69.154 50.4 69.154 50.4 1.37
< 2.0 OK
2. Conclusion
After the complete analysis and design of the building components, the building is found
to be safe against the loads considered above. The Axial force, bending moment, Shear
force and Torsion forces are checked at different sections of the beams and columns. All
the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to axial, shear,
flexural and torsion forces produced due to above forces.

The slab and foundations were designed manually and SAFE. The depth of slab which is
safe against the deflection and shear and the reinforcement provided are sufficient to
counter the flexural forces as well. The foundation was checked against one-way shear,
two-way shear and bending moments. The footings provided as per the drawing are safe
and the reinforcement provided is sufficient. The structural safety would further depend
upon the effectiveness of construction procedures as well as collapse and serviceability
criteria followed during the construction phases.

To make the Building earthquake resistant, the building is designed following the Indian
Standard codes. Column design is verified so that Moment capacity of the columns
remains higher than the adjacent beams. Therefore, the design philosophy adopted is
Strong column and Weak beam. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the
elements are vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more
ductile. The detail soil investigation report was not available so the bearing capacity of the
soil is assumed as 130KN/m2 for medium type soil. Durable M25 concrete has been used
in the foundation which is in contact with the soil. And M25 is also used for Beams, slabs
and column. Ductile detailing has been extensively adopted for structural drawings.
3. References
S. Codes and Description
No. Standards
1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice
2 IS 875 (Part 1): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake)
for
Buildings and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – Unit Weights of
Building Material and Stored Materials (Second Revision)
3 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake)
for
Buildings and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
4 IS 875 (Part 3): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake)
for
Buildings and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Code of practice for Ductile detailing of reinforced
concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces
7 IS 383: 1970 Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources
for
Concrete
8 IS 1786: 1985 Specification for high strength deformed steel bars and wires
for
concrete reinforcement (superseding IS:1139 -1966)
9 IS 1904: 1986 Design and Construction of Foundation in soils: General
Requirements.
10 IS 800: 2007 Code of Practice for General Construction in Steel (Third
Revision)
11 NBC:201:1994 Mandatory Rules of Thumbs - Reinforced Concrete Building with
Masonry Infill.
12 NBC:109-1994 Masonry: Unreinforced.
13 NBC:110-1994 Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
14 IS:8009-1976 Calculation of settlement of shallow foundations.
15 BS:8110-1985 Structural Use of Concrete.
16 NBC:105-2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal.