Combined Arithmetic Mean

Combined Arithmetic Mean

• It is possible to calculate when we know the
means and numbers of items in two or more
related groups of the combined mean.
• 2 types:
a) Geometric Mean
b) Harmonic Mean
 Harmonic Mean
• It is another method of measures of central
tendency like Arithmetic Mean
• It is reciprocal of the Arithmetic Mean
 a) Individual Series:

Steps:
1. Find out the reciprocal of each size i.e. 1/x
2. Sum up all the reciprocal calculated in step-1
3. Apply the formula of H.M.
Calculate the harmonic mean of monthly incomes of 10 families
in certain villages from the following information:

Family Income (x)

1 80
2 90
3 100
4 70
5 60
6 55
7 45
8 35
9 40
10 30
Solution:
Income
Family Reciprocals (1/x)
(x)
1 80 0.01250
2 90 0.01111 N=10, ∑1/x = 0.19181
3 100 0.01000
4 70 0.01429
5 60 0.01667
6 55 0.01818
H.M = Rs. 52.13
7 45 0.02222
8 35 0.02857
9 40 0.02500
10 30 0.03333
∑1/x =0.19181
 b) Discrete Series

Steps:
1. Find out the reciprocal of each size i.e. 1/x
2. Multiply the reciprocal calculated in step-1
with corresponding frequencies i.e. f (1/x)
3. Sum up all the reciprocal calculated in step-2
4. Apply the formula of H.M.
• From the following given data Calculate
Harmonic Mean:

X 2 4 6 8 10
f 1 3 2 4 2
 Reciprocal
X f f (1/x)
(1/x)

2 1 0.5000 0.5000
N=12, ∑f (1/x) = 2.2834
4 3 0.2500 0.7500

6 2 0.1667 0.3333

8 4 0.1250 0.5000
=5.255
10 2 0.1000 0.2000

N=12 2.2833
 c) Continuous Series:

Steps:
1. Find out the mid-Values of all the class
intervals i.e. x
2. Find out the reciprocal of each size i.e. 1/x
3. Multiply the reciprocal calculated in step-1
with corresponding frequencies i.e. f (1/x)
4. Sum up all the reciprocal calculated in step-2
5. Apply the formula of H.M.
• From the following given data Calculate
Harmonic Mean:

C.I. Frequencies
0-10 3
10-20 5
20-30 2
30-40 4
40-50 1
 Mid-Values Reciprocal
C.I. f f (1/x)
(x) (1/x)

0-10 3 5 0.2000 0.6000

10-20 5 15 0.0667 0.3333

N=15, ∑f (1/x) = 1.1501

20-30 2 25 0.0400 0.0800

30-40 4 35 0.0286 0.1143

=13.042
40-50 1 45 0.0222 0.0222

N=1
1.1501
5
Median
 Median
• Median is a positional Value
• Median split the whole distribution of data
into equal parts
• One half is more than middle Value and
another one half is less than middle value
 Definitions:
• Secrist - Median of a series is the value of the
item actual or estimated when a series is
arranged in order of magnitude which divides
the distribution into two parts
• Yau Lan chou – the median, as its name
indicates, is the value of the middle item in a
series, when items are arranged to magnitude
Individual Series
INDIVIDUAL SERIES
fkjgf
= 4th Item
DISCRETE SERIES
• Find the median value from the following
given data:

Marks 35 40 50 45 60 55

No of
4 8 7 6 2 4
Students
 No of
Marks CF
Students

35 4 4

40 8 12

45 6 18

50 7 25

55 4 29 =Size of 16th Item

60 2 31
Median = 45

N= 31
• Find the median value from the following
given data:

Income 150 80 100 250 180 200

No. of
26 16 24 6 30 20
persons
D
CONTINUOUS SERIES
Find the median value from the
following given data:
Marks No of Students

10-15 5

15-20 10

20-25 12

25-30 7

30-35 10

35-40 13

40-45 6

45-50 7
 No of Students
Median= Size of (N/2) item
Marks CF = Size of (70/2)th item
(f)

10-15 5 5
= 35th item
= 30-35
15-20 10 15 (therefore 35 lies in 44 of the c.f column and
the corresponding class interval becomes
20-25 12 27
median)
25-30 7 34

30-35 10 44

35-40 13 57

40-45 6 63
L= 30, N/2= 35, c.f. = 34, f = 10 and i= 5
45-50 7 70

N=70

=30+0.5
=30.5
 Related Positional Values
• the median divides the whole distribution into two
parts by putting just one point
• If we put three points the whole data divide into four
equal parts (Quartiles), Nine points divide the whole
data into equal ten parts (Deciles), and ninety nine
points make the whole data into hundred equal parts
(Percentile).
• The quartiles are denoted by Q, the lower or first
quartile is denoted by Q1, Second quartile is better
named as median and upper or third quartile as Q3
• The deciles are denoted by D1,D2………D9
• The percentiles are denoted by P1,P2………P99
I) Individual Series
• Calculate Q1, Q3, D5 and P30 from the
following data:

Wages
10 20 15 25 35 30 15
(Rs.)
Solution:
First Arrange the data in an Ascending order and
then find out the positional values:

Wages
10 20 15 25 35 30 5
(Rs.)

Wages
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(Rs.)
 = Size of 4th Item
= Size of 2nd Item = 25 (4th item is 25)
= 10 (2nd item is 10)

= Size of 2.4th Item

= Size of 2nd Item + 0.4 (3rd Item – 2nd item)
= size of 6th Item = 10 + 0.4 (15-10)
= 10 + 0.4 (5)
= 30 (6th item is 30)
= 12
• Calculate Q1, Q3, D4 and P75 from the
following data:

2 10 5 31 37 46 24
2 5 10 24 31 37 46
 II. Discrete Series:
Steps:
• Arrange the observations in an ascending or descending order
along with frequencies
• Find the Cumulative Frequencies
• Apply the Formula:
 Example
• Calculate the Q1, Q3, D7 and P25 from the
following Data:

X 10 12 11 14 13 16 18 15

f 2 4 3 5 2 1 3 4
 Solution:
X f Cf
10 2 2
11 3 5
12 4 9
13 2 11
14 5 16
15 4 20
16 1 21
18 3 24
= Size of 6.25th Item = Size of 17.5th Item
= 12 ( 6.25 lies in 9 of c.f = 15 (17.5 lies in 20 of c.f
Column and corresponding Column and corresponding
X Value becomes Q1) X Value becomes D7)

= Size of 18.7th Item = Size of 6.25th Item

= 15 ( 18.7 lies in 20 of c.f = 12 ( 6.25 lies in 9 of c.f Column
Column and corresponding and corresponding X Value
X Value becomes Q3) becomes P25)
Calculate the Q1, Q3, D6, D9, P48 and
P99 from the following Data:
X f
10 10
20 5
30 3
40 2
50 1
60 3
70 4
80 4
 Solution:
X f Cf
10 10 10
20 5 15
30 3 18
40 2 20
50 1 21
60 3 24
70 4 28
80 4 32
 III. Continuous series
Steps:
1. Find out the Cumulative Frequency
2. Find out the size of Quartiles, Deciles and
Percentiles i.e
3. Refer the CF the value equal to

4. Apply the formula:

Where,
L = Lower limit of positional Value
N= Sum of frequency
c.f = C.F of the Class preceding the partition
value
F = Simply Frequency of the partition class
i = Size of Class interval of Partition Class
Find the Q3, D6 and P35 from the
following given data:
Weight (in Kgs) F

10-20 10

20-30 15

30-40 12

40-50 10

50-60 14

60-70 9
Weight (in Kgs) F CF

10-20 10 10

20-30 15 25

30-40 12 37

40-50 10 47

50-60 14 61

60-70 9 70

N = 70
 𝑵
𝑸𝟑 = 𝑺𝒊𝒛𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟑 𝒕𝒉 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒎
𝟒

= Size of 52.5th Item

= 50-60 ( 52.5 lies in 61 of c.f column and corresponding class
interval becomes Q3 Class

L = 50, 3 (N/4) = 52.5, c,f = 47, f = 14 and i= 10

= 50 + 3.93
= 53.93
 = Size of 42nd Item
= 40-50 ( 42 lies in 47 of c.f column and corresponding class
interval becomes D6 Class

L = 40, 6 (N/10) = 42, c,f = 37, f = 10 and i= 10

= 40 +5
= 45
 = Size of 24.5th Item
= 20-30 ( 24.5 lies in 25 of c.f column and corresponding class
interval becomes P35 Class)

L = 20, 35(N/100) = 24.5, c,f = 37, f = 15 and i= 10

= 20 + 9.67
= 29.67
Find the Median, D8 and P35 from the
following given data:
Age of head of Family
Numbers
(Years)

Under 25 2
25-30 4
30-35 3
35-40 5
40-45 6
45-50 3
50-55 2
55-60 1
Above 60 1
4. MODE
 MODE
MEANING:
• Mode is that value of variable which occurs most
frequently in a distribution.
• In other words, the value which has repeated more
number of times is called as mode value
• The Mode is denoted by “Z”
DEFINITION:
• According to Croxton and Cowden “ The mode of a
distribution is the value at the point around which the
item tend to be most heavily concentrated
Individual Series
• Incase of Individual series, the mode is that
value which has been repeated more number
of times.
Individual Series
Individual Series
Discrete Series and Continuous Series
 Empirical Method

Z = 3 Median – 2 Mean
 Example
1. Find the value of mode by using empirical
method, when mean is 27.8 and Median is 28.9
Formula is:
Z = 3 Median – 2 Mean
= (3 X 28.89) – (2 X 27.8)
= 86.7 – 55.6
= 31.1
There fore MODE is 31.1
If mode is 22 and Median is 21.5, Calculate Mean.

Calculate of Mean:
Z = 3 Median – 2 Mean
22 = 3 X 21.5 – 2 Mean
22 = 64.5 -2 Mean
Therefore
2 Mean = 64.5 – 22
2 mean = 42.5
Mean = 42.5/2
Mean = 21.25
From the following given data, find out the
mode by using Mean and Median (Empirical
Method).

Class Interval Frequency

10-20 15

20-30 25

30-40 10

40-50 25

50-60 12

60-70 13
Solution: Calculation of Mode
Class Interval Frequency M.V. (x) fx c.f

10-20 15 15 225 15

20-30 25 25 625 40

30-40 10 35 350 50

40-50 25 45 1125 75

50-60 12 55 660 87

60-70 13 65 845 100

N = 100 ∑fx = 3830

Calculation of MEAN
Median
L= 30, N/2= 50, c.f. = 40, f = 10 and i= 10
∑fx = 3830 and N = 100

= 30+10
Mean = 38.30 Median = 40

Calculation of MEDIAN Calculation of MODE

Z = 3 Median - 2 Mean
Z = 3 (40) - 2 (38.30)
Z = 120 – 76.6
= 50th Item Z = 43.4
Median class 30-40 ( 50 lies of
c.f. column and corresponding
C.I. Become Median Class )
Assertainment of Missing frequency
From the following information complete the
frequency (missing). When Arithmetic Mean
6.56.
Class Interval Frequency

2-4 5

4-6 --

6-8 10

8-10 --

10-12 2

Total 32
Ascertainment of frequencies:
Let the Missing Frequencies are denoted by f1 and f2

Mid Values
Class Interval Frequency fx
(x)

2-4 5 3 15

4-6 f1 5 5f1

6-8 10 7 70

8-10 f2 99 9f2

10-12 2 11 22

Total N = 17 + f1 +f2 ∑fx = 107 + 5f1 +9f2

 We know that
17 + f1 + f2 = N
17 + f1 + f2 = 32
F1 + f2 = 32-17
F1 + f2 = 15……………. I (Equation – I)

∑fx = 107 + 5f1 +f2 and N = 32

6.56 X 32 = 107 + 5f1 +9f2

209.92 = 107 + 5f1 +9f2
209.92 -107 = 5f1 +9f2
102.92 = 5f1 +9f2
5f1 +9f2 = 102.92………………… II (Equation –II)
Equation – I = F1 + f2 = 15
Equation – II = 5f1 +9f2 = 102.92
In order to subtract Equation –I in Equation –II, Multiply the equation- I by 5.
= F1 x 5 + f2 x 5 = 15 x 5
= 5f1 + 5f2 = 75………….. I

Subtract Equation – I in Equation- II

= 5f1 +9f2 = 102.92
= 5f1 + 5f2 = 75
4f2 = 27.92
f2 = 27.92/4
f2 = 6.98 = 7 (Approximately)
Keep the value of f2 in equation I to get f1 value
17 + f1 + f2 = 32
17 + f1 + 7 = 32
24 + f1 = 32
f1 = 32-17
f1 = 8

Therefore F1= 7 and f2 = 8

In the frequency of 100 families given below, the
number of families corresponding to expenditure
groups 20-40 and 60-80 are missing from the table
However the Median is known to be 50.
Find the Missing Frequencies

Class Interval Frequency

0-20 14

20-40 ?

40-60 27

60-80 ?

80-100 15
Ascertainment of missing Frequencies
Let the missing frequencies are denoted by f1 and f2

Class Interval Frequency c.f.

0-20 14 14

20-40 ? 14+f1

40-60 27 41 + f1

60-80 ? 41+ f1+f2

80-100 15 56+f1+f2
 Median Class is 40-60 (therefore Median 50, it lies in the Class
Interval 40-60)

Median
L= 40, N= 100 (Given), c.f. =14+f1, f =27, i=20, Me= 50

10 X 27 = 20 ( 36-f1) f1 = 450/20
270= 720 – 20f1 f1 = 22.5
20f1 = 720 – 270 =26 (Approximately)
20f1 = 450
 Continued…..
When N=100 then,
56 +f1+ f2 = 100
f1 + f2 = 100-56
f1 + f2 = 44
Keep the Value of F1 in equation.
F1 + f2 = 44
23 + f2 = 44
F2 = 44-23
F2 = 21
Therefore , the Missing frequency are 23 and 21
respectively