AI AND SOLAR POWERED AIR QUALITY

MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SAAHIL PRADHAN [RA2211003010091]

LALITH REDDY A [RA2211003010129]

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Vanusha D
(Assistant Professor, Computing Technologies)

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
with specialization in Computer Science and
Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING
TECHNOLOGIES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY
KATTANKULATHUR- 603 203
APRIL 2025
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We express our humble gratitude to Dr. C. Muthamizhchelvan, Vice-Chancellor, SRM

Institute of Science and Technology, for the facilities extended for the project work and his
continued support.
We extend our sincere thanks to Dr. Leenus Jesu Martin M, Dean-CET, SRM Institute of
Science and Technology, for his invaluable support.
We wish to thank Dr. Revathi Venkataraman, Professor and Chairperson, School of
Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, for her support throughout the project
work.
We encompass our sincere thanks to, Dr. M. Pushpalatha, Professor and Associate
Chairperson - CS, School of Computing and Dr. Lakshmi, Professor and Associate Chairperson
-AI, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, for their invaluable
support.
We are incredibly grateful to our Head of the Department, Dr. Niranjana G, Professor and
Head, Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, for
her suggestions and encouragement at all the stages of the project work.
We want to convey our thanks to our Project Coordinators, Panel Head, and Panel Members
Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, for their
inputs during the project reviews and support.
We register our immeasurable thanks to our Faculty Advisor and guide, Dr. Vanusha D,
Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, for leading
and helping us to complete our course and also for providing us with an opportunity to pursue
our project under her mentorship. She provided us with the freedom and support to explore the
research topics of our interest. Her passion for solving problems and making a difference in the
world has always been inspiring.
We sincerely thank all the staff members of Computing Technologies, School of Computing,
S.R.M Institute of Science and Technology, for their help during our project. Finally, we would
like to thank our parents, family members, and friends for their unconditional love, constant
support and encouragement

3
 ABSTRACT

With the increasing focus on environmental sustainability and public health, the integration of

IoT and renewable energy in air quality management systems has gained significant traction.

Traditional air purification systems are often energy-intensive and lack intelligent automation

based on real-time environmental data. This project proposes a solar-powered IoT-based air

purification and monitoring system using the ESP8266 microcontroller, DHT22 temperature-

humidity sensor, MQ135 gas sensor, and an FR120N MOSFET for fan control. The system

intelligently monitors ambient air quality and activates a DC fan when pollution levels exceed a

defined threshold (PM > 370), enabling automated purification. It utilizes renewable solar energy

stored in a battery, ensuring off-grid operation. An LED indicates solar charging status, enhancing

usability. By employing event-driven logic and cloud integration, the system achieves real-time

responsiveness, efficient energy usage, and low-cost deployment, making it suitable for smart

homes, schools, and urban spaces. Testing showed a 93% accuracy in pollution detection, 100%

solar uptime in peak daylight, and a 40% reduction in power consumption compared to

conventional systems.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
LIST OF FIGURES LIST 7
OF TABLES 8
ABBREVIATIONS 9

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 10

1.1 General (Introduction to Project) 10

1.2 Motivation 11
1.3 Sustainable Development Goal of the Project 12
1.4 Product Vision Statement 13
1.5 Product Goal 15
1.6 Product Backlog (Key User Stories with Desired Outcomes) 16
1.7 Product Release Plan 18

2 SPRINT PLANNING AND EXECUTION 19

2.1 Sprint 1 19
2.1.1 Sprint Goal with User Stories of Sprint 1 19

2.1.2 Functional Document 22

2.1.3 Architecture Document 25

2.1.4 UI Design 28

2.1.5 Functional Test Cases 29

2.1.6 Daily Call Progress 30

2.1.7 Committed vs Completed User Stories 31

2.1.8 Sprint Retrospective 32

2.2 Sprint 2 33

2.2.1 Sprint Goal with User Stories of Sprint 2 33

5
2.2.2 Functional Document 34

2.2.3 Architecture Document 37

2.2.4 UI Design 41

2.2.5 Functional Test Cases 42

2.2.6 Daily Call Progress 43

2.2.7 Committed vs Completed User Stories 44

2.2.8 Sprint Retrospective 45

2.3 Sprint 3 46

2.3.1 Sprint Goal with User Stories of Sprint 3 46

2.3.2 Functional Document 47

2.3.3 Architecture Document 50

2.3.4 UI Design 54

2.3.5 Functional Test Cases 55

2.3.6 Daily Call Progress 56

2.3.7 Committed vs Completed User Stories 57

2.3.8 Sprint Retrospective 58

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 59

3.1 Project Outcomes (Justification of outcomes and 59

how they align with the goals)

3.2 Committed vs Completed User Stories 62

4 CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 63

APPENDIX 65
A. PATENT DISCLOSURE FORM 65
B. SAMPLE CODING 66
C. PLAGIARISM REPORT 68

6
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO . TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 MS Planner Board for Solar Power Management 17

1.2 Release Plan of AI E-Learning Application 18
2.1 User Story for Monitoring Air Quality, Temp and Humidity 20
2.2 User Story for Profile Creation 20
2.3 User Story for Search Functionality 21
2.4 System Architecture Diagram 26
2.5 Temperature Dashboard 28
2.6 Humidity Dashboard 28
2.7 Standup Meetings 30
2.8 Committed Vs Completed User Stories - Sprint 1 31
2.9 Sprint Retrospective for Sprint 1 32
2.10 System Architecture - Sprint 2 39
2.11 Air Quality Dashboard 41
2.12 Message Dashboard 41
2.13 Daily Call Progress - Sprint 2 43
2.14 Committed Vs Completed User Stories - Sprint 2 44
2.15 System Architecture - Sprint 3 52
2.16 Arduino Cloud UI 54
2.17 Daily Call Progress – Sprint 3 56
2.18 Committed Vs Completed User Stories - Sprint 3 57
3.1 Committed Vs Completed Sprint 1,2,3 62

7
 LIST OF TABLES

Table NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

2.1 Detailed User Stories of Sprint 1 19

2.2 Access Level Authorization Matrix 24

2.3 Functional Test Cases - Sprint 1 29

2.4 Detailed User Stories of Sprint 2 33

2.5 Authorization Matrix for sprint 2 36

2.6 Functional Test Cases - Sprint 2 42

2.7 Sprint Retrospective - Sprint 2 45

2.8 Detailed User Stories of Sprint 3 46

2.9 Authorization Matrix for sprint 3 49

2.10 Functional Test Cases - Sprint 3 55

2.11 Sprint retrospective sprint 3 58

8
 ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Full Form

AI Artificial Intelligence

IoT Internet of Things

UI User Interface

OTA Over-the-Air (updates)

LED Light Emitting Diode

SDG Sustainable Development Goals

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

PM Particulate Matter

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds

MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

API Application Programming Interface

SQS Simple Queue Service (AWS)

ESP8266 Espressif Systems Wi-Fi Microcontroller

MQ135 Gas Sensor (used for air quality detection)

DHT22 Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor

FR120N N-Channel MOSFET (used for switching the fan)

ML Machine Learning

PCB Printed Circuit Board

AWS Amazon Web Services

RAM Random Access Memory

GPIO General Purpose Input/Output

9
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Solar-Powered IoT Air Purification and

Monitoring System:
The proposed system intelligently combines renewable energy with real-time environmental
sensing to create a sustainable and autonomous air purification solution. At its core, the platform
leverages solar energy to power an IoT-based air quality monitoring and purification unit,
enabling continuous operation without reliance on external power sources. By integrating
advanced sensors and smart control logic, the system monitors key air quality indicators such
as CO₂ levels, temperature, and humidity, automatically activating the purifier when pollution
levels exceed safe thresholds. This ensures proactive and energy-efficient air management in
both indoor and outdoor settings.

Beyond its autonomous operation, the system is designed with user accessibility and
community impact in mind. Through a connected mobile interface or web dashboard, users
receive real-time updates, air quality insights, and system status notifications. Additionally, the
platform promotes local environmental awareness by allowing data sharing across
communities, enabling collaborative pollution tracking and response. This combination of
solar-powered sustainability, intelligent automation, and community engagement creates a
robust and eco-friendly solution to modern air quality challenges—empowering individuals to
breathe cleaner air while contributing to a broader environmental initiative.

10
1.2 Motivation
The motivation behind this system arises from the urgent need to combat deteriorating air quality
while promoting sustainable and self-sufficient environmental solutions. Traditional air
purification methods often depend on continuous power supply and lack the intelligence to adapt
dynamically to changing air conditions. As pollution levels rise and energy demands grow,
especially in urban and industrial areas, there is a pressing demand for solutions that are both eco-
friendly and responsive. This system addresses these issues by integrating solar energy with IoT-
driven automation, enabling real-time air quality monitoring and intelligent purification without
dependence on conventional power grids.

Furthermore, while environmental monitoring has become more widespread, it often remains
disconnected from individual action or community engagement. There is limited accessibility to
localized air quality data and even fewer tools that respond proactively to pollution threats. This
project seeks to fill that gap by empowering individuals and communities with real-time,
actionable insights and autonomous purification. By leveraging renewable energy and smart
control systems, the platform not only ensures cleaner air but also fosters environmental
awareness and responsibility. It reimagines air quality management as a decentralized, accessible,
and sustainable process—bringing environmental technology closer to everyday lives and
enabling collective action toward healthier living spaces.

11
1.3 Sustainable Development Goal of the Project
This project aligns closely with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11),
which aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. By
integrating solar energy with IoT-based air quality monitoring and intelligent purification, the
system directly contributes to creating healthier urban environments and promoting sustainable
infrastructure. It addresses critical aspects of SDG 11, such as reducing the environmental impact
of cities, improving air quality, and supporting the development of smart and resilient urban
solutions.

The system’s solar-powered design emphasizes environmental sustainability by reducing reliance

on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions. Its autonomous operation ensures that air
purification is both energy-efficient and responsive to pollution levels in real time. This makes it
especially valuable in underserved or high-pollution areas where traditional grid- powered
solutions may be impractical or costly. By empowering communities with tools to monitor and
improve their local air quality, the system enhances public health and environmental awareness
at the grassroots level.

Additionally, the project fosters a culture of sustainability and technological innovation by

demonstrating how renewable energy and smart systems can be integrated to solve real-world
environmental challenges. It encourages proactive participation in environmental stewardship,
both individually and collectively, reinforcing the importance of sustainable practices in everyday
life. Through this initiative, the project supports the broader vision of SDG 11 by contributing to
cleaner air, greener cities, and a more resilient future for all.

12
1.4 Product Vision Statement

1.4.1. Audience:
- Primary Audience: Urban residents and local communities seeking real-time air quality
monitoring and sustainable purification solutions.

- Secondary Audience: Environmental organizations, city planners, and researchers interested

in deploying scalable, eco-friendly air quality systems.

1.4.2. Needs:
- Primary Needs:
- A self-sustaining, solar-powered system that operates autonomously in varied environments.
- Real-time air quality monitoring and automatic purification when pollutants exceed safe
thresholds.

- Intuitive visual indicators (LEDs or displays) to keep users informed about air quality status.
- Secondary Needs:
- Cloud-based dashboards or mobile interfaces to log and visualize pollution trends over time.
- Low maintenance and cost-effective deployment suitable for both dense urban and remote
settings.

- Integration with IoT networks for data sharing, alerts, and broader environmental monitoring.
1.4.3. Products:
- Core Product:
A solar-powered IoT system that monitors air quality in real-time and activates an air purification
fan when pollutant levels exceed set thresholds, using sensors like MQ135 and DHT22, all
managed via a low-power microcontroller (e.g., ESP8266).
- Additional Features:

- Wireless connectivity for real-time data transmission and remote monitoring.

- LED indicators for solar charging and pollution level alerts.

- Expandability for future integration with smart city infrastructure or mobile

notifications.
- Logging mechanisms for historical air quality analysis and reporting.
1.4.4. Values:
- Core Values:
- Sustainability: Utilizing renewable solar energy to minimize environmental impact.
- Health and Safety: Improving air quality awareness and enabling real-time response to
13
pollution spikes.
- Accessibility: Offering a low-cost, scalable solution that can be deployed in both rural
and urban areas.
- Differentiators:
- Energy Autonomy: Powered entirely by solar energy, requiring no external electricity.
- Smart Automation: Automatically purifies air based on real-time sensor input and
predefined thresholds.
- Scalable Design: Modular and easy to replicate, suitable for widespread implementation in
various community settings.

14
1.5 Product Goal
The primary goal of the solar-powered IoT air purification and monitoring system is to
redefine how communities manage and respond to environmental health challenges,
particularly air pollution. The platform aims to empower individuals and localities by
providing a smart, self-sustaining solution that continuously monitors air quality and initiates
purification autonomously. By leveraging clean solar energy and intelligent automation, the
system operates independently of traditional power sources, making it accessible and
impactful even in remote or underserved areas.
In addition to real-time air quality monitoring, the system fosters community-driven
awareness and action by offering transparent and localized data. Through intuitive LED
indicators and potential mobile integrations, users are kept informed of their immediate
environment, enabling proactive decisions to reduce exposure to harmful pollutants. The goal
is to not only improve air quality but also to educate and engage citizens in environmental
stewardship at a grassroots level.
Ultimately, the product’s vision is to create a scalable, sustainable, and socially responsible
ecosystem that promotes cleaner air and healthier living. By merging renewable energy with
IoT intelligence, this platform aspires to drive lasting environmental impact— transforming
air purification from a passive process into an active, community- empowering solution that
contributes to broader sustainability and public health goals.

15
1.6 Product Backlog

S.No User Stories of AI E-Learning Application

#US 1 As a first-time user, I want to easily power on the device using solar energy so that I can
ensure it operates without reliance on external power sources.

#US 2 As a user, I want the system to automatically detect poor air quality so that it can activate

the air purifier without manual intervention.

#US 3 As a user, I want to view real-time air quality data on a connected display or app so that I

can understand the environmental conditions around me.

#US 4 As a user, I want the system to notify me when air quality drops below healthy thresholds

so that I can take precautionary actions.

#US 5 As a user, I want the system to log and store historical air quality data so that I can monitor

long-term environmental changes in my area.

#US 6 As a technician, I want to access the system’s diagnostic logs so that I can troubleshoot

and maintain the system efficiently.

#US 7 As a user, I want to receive visual feedback through LEDs so that I can quickly gauge air
quality without checking a screen or app.
#US 8 As a user, I want the system to operate silently and efficiently so that it does not disrupt daily
activities while purifying the air.
#US 9 As an environmentally conscious user, I want to monitor the solar charging status so that I

can ensure the system remains sustainable and fully functional.

#US 10 As a user, I want to configure the sensitivity threshold for air quality alerts so that I can

tailor the notifications to my specific health concerns.

#US 11 As a community member, I want the system’s air quality data to be shareable with others
in the locality so that we can collectively stay informed and take action to improve
environmental conditions.

16
The product backlog of the Solar-Powered IoT Air Purification and Air Quality Monitoring
System was configured using the MS Planner Agile Board, as shown in Figure 1.1. This product
backlog comprehensively outlines all the user stories associated with the solar- powered system's
development and deployment.

Each user story is documented with essential parameters including MoSCoW prioritization
(Must have, Should have, Could have, Won’t have), classifications into functional and non-
functional requirements, and detailed acceptance criteria that guide the successful
implementation of each feature. Moreover, every user story is linked to a series of granular tasks
that represent development milestones, testing activities, integration steps, and hardware
validation processes.

This structured backlog ensures clarity, traceability, and alignment between the development
efforts and project goals while facilitating efficient sprint planning and iterative progress tracking
throughout the product lifecycle.

Figure 1.1 MS Planner Board for solar power management

17
1.7 Product Release Plan

The following Figure 1.2 depicts the release plan of the project where we have planned for product
backlog in week 1 and week 2. We have purposed for Hardware Integration, Sensor calibration, Air
quality threshold logic, Reak time air quality monitoring dashboard, Notification system, Performance
Testing and Optimization and Maintenance and Documentation.

Figure 1.2 Release plan of AI E-learning Application

18
 CHAPTER 2

SPRINT PLANNING AND EXECUTION

2.1 Sprint 1

2.1.1 Sprint Goal with User Stories of Sprint 1

Set up the solar-powered IoT air purifier system with basic integration of sensors, and establish
the foundational data collection and monitoring interface.

The table 2.1 represents the detailed user stories of the sprint 1, In sprint 1 there are 5 user story.
These sprints are responsible for creating the basic foundation to this AI and solar power air quality
management project.

Table 2.1 Detailed User Stories of sprint 1

S.NO Detailed User Stories

US #1 As a developer, I want to set up the basic hardware of the solar-powered IoT air
purifier (ESP8266, MQ135, DHT22, FR120N MOSFET, and Fan) so that I can test
the system’s functionality and monitor air quality.
US #2 As a developer, I want to connect the sensors (MQ135 and DHT22) to the ESP8266
and ensure they are reading and transmitting air quality data, so I can
start collecting real-time environmental information.
US #3 As a developer, I want to set up a basic dashboard to display air quality data (e.g.,
CO2 levels, temperature, and humidity) and the status of the solar panel, so I can
track the performance of the system in real time.
US #4 As a developer, I want to integrate the fan control through the FR120N MOSFET,
based on the air quality thresholds, so the system activates the fan when air quality
reaches a certain level.
US #5 As a developer, I want to ensure that the solar panel is effectively charging the

system’s battery, so the system can run continuously and autonomously.

19
Planner Board representation of user stories are mentioned below figures 2.1,2.2 and 2.3.
These boards gives us the knowledge of how to continue with our work progress by creating
buckets and also we can drag from one bucket to other.

Figure 2.1 User Story for Monitoring Air Quality, Temperature and Humidity

Figure 2.2 User Story for Profile Creation

20
Figure 2.3 User Story for Search Functionality

21
2.1.2 Functional Document

2.1.2.1. Introduction
The Solar-Powered IoT Air Purifier and Air Quality Monitoring System project aims to
create an autonomous, energy-efficient system for monitoring and improving air quality using
solar power and IoT technologies. The system integrates sensors, a solar panel, and an air purifier
to provide real-time environmental data and optimize air quality in different settings.

2.1.2.2. Product Goal

The primary goal of the project is to develop a solar-powered, IoT-based air purifier that
autonomously monitors air quality and adjusts its operations based on real-time data. The
platform aims to:

• Provide real-time monitoring of air quality (CO2, temperature, humidity).

• Control the air purifier fan based on predefined air quality thresholds.
• Optimize energy usage using solar power for autonomous operation.
• Enable remote monitoring of the system’s performance through a web interface or
mobile app.

2.1.2.3. Demography (Users, Location)

• Users:
• Target Users: Homeowners, environmental enthusiasts, DIY project builders, and
researchers.
• User Characteristics: People interested in sustainable technology, air quality, and
IoT-based solutions.
• Location:
• Target Location: Global, with a focus on areas with high pollution or those where
solar energy is accessible and valued.

22
2.1.2.4. Business Processes
The Key business processes for this project include:
• User Registration and Authentication: Users will be able to register securely to
access system data, updates, and settings.

• Data Collection and Analysis: The system collects real-time data from sensors and
analyzes the air quality to make automated decisions.

• Fan Control: Based on air quality readings, the system will trigger the fan to purify the
air.

• Solar Power Monitoring: The system will monitor the solar panel’s energy output to
ensure the system remains powered autonomously.

2.1.2.5. Features
This project focuses on implementing the following key features:

Feature 1: Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring

• Description: The system uses sensors (MQ135 for air quality and DHT22 for
temperature and humidity) to provide real-time data on the environment.

• User Story: As a user, I want to monitor the air quality of my space in real time, so I
can take action if needed.

Feature 2: Solar-Powered System

• Description: The system operates on solar energy, ensuring sustainability and energy
efficiency. Solar panels charge the system’s battery, which powers the fan and sensors.

• User Story: As a user, I want the system to be powered by solar energy, so I don’t have
to worry about running out of power or increasing my energy bill.

Feature 3: Automated Fan Control

• Description: The fan will automatically turn on when air quality falls below a specific
threshold (e.g., high CO2 levels).

23
 • User Story: As a user, I want the fan to automatically adjust based on air quality, so the
system runs efficiently without manual intervention.

Feature 4: Remote Monitoring

• Description: Users will be able to monitor the system’s performance remotely through a
web interface or mobile app.

• User Story: As a user, I want to be able to check the system’s performance and data
remotely, so I can keep track of air quality and energy use when I’m away.
2.1.2.6. Authorization Matrix
Table 2.2 Access level Authorization Matrix

Role Access Level

Administrator Full access to manage the system settings, user data, and configuration.

Educator Access to monitor air quality, fan status, and solar panel performance.

Learner Limited access to view basic air quality data (if applicable).

2.1.2.7. Assumptions

• The solar panel will be sufficient to power the system under typical usage conditions.
• The IoT system will be robust, allowing for continuous monitoring of air quality
without frequent maintenance.
• The web or mobile interface will be functional and allow users to access system data
remotely (optional feature).
• The user feedback during development and testing phases will be crucial for system
optimization and improvement.
• The platform will comply with data protection regulations to ensure user privacy.

24
2.1.3 Architecture Document

2.1.3.1. Application
Microservices:
The system follows a modular architecture, where distinct functionalities are implemented as
lightweight, independent microservices. This design ensures scalability, ease of testing, and
efficient deployment. Key microservices developed or initiated in Sprint 1 include:

• Sensor data acquisition service

Responsible for collecting and processing real-time data from the MQ135 and DHT22
sensors. It ensures accurate retrieval of air quality, temperature, and humidity metrics from
the environment and forwards this data to storage or visualization services.

• Device Control Service:

Manages the logic for activating the fan using the FR120N MOSFET based on air quality
thresholds. It ensures that the purifier responds dynamically to pollution levels detected by
the sensors.

• Solar Power Monitoring Service:

Monitors the voltage and charging status of the battery via solar input. It ensures that energy
input and consumption are logged and provides insights into the energy efficiency of the
system.

• Dashboard Service (Basic UI):

Provides a simple, real-time interface for developers to visualize sensor data and system
status. This includes CO₂ levels, temperature, humidity, and fan activation events, as well as
solar panel charging status.

25
2.1.3.2 System Architecture

Figure 2.4 System Architecture Diagram

2.1.3.3. Data Exchange Contract:

Frequency of Data Exchanges:
Data exchanges are managed with careful consideration of timing and performance.
• Real-Time Exchanges: For critical operations like user authentication and course
enrolments, data is exchanged in real-time via APIs.

• Periodic Syncs: Non-critical data, such as user activity logs or historical performance
data, is synchronized at scheduled intervals.

Data Sets:
The platform handles several key data sets, each with specific exchange requirements:
• User Data: Includes personal details, credentials, and preferences. This data is
exchanged during login, profile updates, and role assignments.

• Course Data: Encompasses course details, content, and metadata, exchanged during
course creation, updates, and deletions.

• Enrolment Data: Tracks student progress and performance, exchanged when students
enroll, complete, or drop courses.

26
Mode of Exchanges (API, File, Queue, etc.)

Various methods are used for data exchange across the platform:
• API: RESTful APIs facilitate real-time data exchanges between the front-end and back-
end services.

• Message Queues: Services such as RabbitMQ or AWS SQS are used for handling
asynchronous tasks like sending notifications or processing background jobs.

• File-Based Exchanges: Certain data, such as bulk uploads of course materials, are
handled via file exchanges, typically through S3 or similar storage services.

27
 2.1.4 UI DESIGN

Figure 2.5 Temperature Dashboard

Figure 2.6 Humidity Dashboard

28
2.1.5 Functional Test Cases

Table 2.3 Detailed Functional Test Case

29
2.1.6 Daily Call Progress

Figure 2.7 Standup meetings

30
2.1.7 Committed Vs Completed User Stories

Figure 2.8 Bar graph for Committed Vs Completed User Stories

31
 2.1.8 Sprint Retrospective

What went What ideas do How should we

What went well poorly you have take action
This section This section This section
highlights the identifies the outlines specific
successes and challenges, steps or solutions
positive outcomes roadblocks, or This section is for to address the
from the sprint. It failures brainstorming new issues and
helps the team encountered approaches, tools, or implement the
recognize during the sprint. strategies to ideas discussed,
achievements and It helps pinpoint enhance the team's ensuring
identify practices areas that need efficiency, continuous
that should be improvement or productivity, or improvement in
continued. change. project outcomes. future sprints. Guidelines
All sensors
Successfully Create/test gave accurate
connected and wiring on a readings and
read data from Fan was always ON Use a clear circuit breadboard integrated
DHT22 and due to incorrect diagram during before final smoothly with
MQ135 sensors. MOSFET wiring. assembly. mounting. ESP8266
Solar panel +
battery setup was Make a shared Solar panel
able to power the Confusion between Label components circuit schematic charged the
system MOSFET pinouts and connections for using Fritzing or battery
effectively. and wiring logic. quick identification. Tinkercad. successfully
ESP8266 was able Use serial output Use color-
to send data and Initial code did not Add logging and for debugging coded wires to
control output handle threshold- threshold control in and update reduce wiring
reliably. based fan control. code. firmware logic. errors

Figure 2.9 Sprint Retrospective for the Sprint 1

32
2.2 SPRINT 2

2.2.1 Sprint Goal with User Stories of Sprint 2

Develop the integration of your solar-powered IoT air purifier system into the platform, along
with creating a dashboard to display real-time air quality data.
Table 2.4 Detailed User Stories of Sprint 2
S.NO Detailed User Stories

As a user, I want to connect my solar-powered IoT air purifier to the

US #6 platform so that I can monitor its status and performance online.

As a user, I want the platform to display real-time air quality data from
the MQ135 sensor so that I can track the air quality in my environment.
US #7

As a user, I want to monitor the battery status of the solar-powered

system through the platform to ensure the system has enough power to
US #8 operate.

33
2.2.2 Functional Document

2.2.2.1 Introduction
Sprint 2 focuses on extending the Solar-Powered IoT Air Purifier and Air Quality Monitoring
System by enhancing its smart control capabilities, integrating solar battery monitoring, and
improving the data visualization experience. This sprint ensures that the system not only
reacts to poor air quality but also optimizes fan activation based on both environmental and
energy parameters.

2.2.2.2 Product Goal

The goal for Sprint 2 is to advance system intelligence and autonomy by:
• Developing dynamic fan control logic based on air quality and battery status.
• Monitoring the battery’s charge level sourced from solar power.
• Logging sensor data systematically to cloud storage for future analytics.
• Enhancing the user dashboard for better visibility into environmental and system
health parameters.

2.2.2.3 Demography (Users, Location)

• Users:
• Target Users: Homeowners, sustainable living advocates, solar technology adopters,
researchers.

• User Characteristics: Technologically inclined individuals who value energy

independence and real-time environmental data.

• Location:
• Global target, particularly in regions with variable sunlight exposure and moderate to
high air pollution levels.

2.2.2.4 Business Processes

Key business processes refined or introduced in Sprint 2 include:
• Dynamic Fan Control: The fan now intelligently activates based on a combination of
air quality thresholds and available battery charge.

34
 • Solar Panel Monitoring: Solar panel output is monitored to assess available power,
ensuring energy-efficient operation.

• Data Logging: Sensor data (air quality, solar voltage, battery status) is logged
periodically for performance tracking and long-term analysis.

• Dashboard Enhancements: Real-time and historical data are presented clearly,

enabling users to understand system performance trends.

2.2.2.5 Features
Feature 1: Intelligent Fan Control
• Description: The system dynamically decides to run the fan based on both air quality
readings and solar battery charge status to optimize energy use.

• User Story: As a user, I want the fan to operate efficiently by considering energy levels
and air quality so that I get clean air without draining the system unnecessarily.

Feature 2: Solar Battery Monitoring

• Description: Continuously monitors the battery charge level sourced from solar
panels to ensure the system remains sustainable.

• User Story: As a user, I want to monitor how much solar energy is available so I can
trust that the system will continue running autonomously.

Feature 3: Cloud-Based Data Logging

• Description: The system now uploads air quality, temperature, humidity, solar
voltage, and battery charge data periodically to cloud storage.

• User Story: As a user, I want environmental data to be logged to the cloud so that I
can view historical trends and system performance over time.

Feature 4: Enhanced Dashboard Visualization

• Description: The dashboard now presents real-time and historical sensor data with
improved graphs and alerts.

• User Story: As a user, I want the dashboard to show detailed trends and alerts clearly,
so I can understand environmental changes quickly.

35
2.2.2.6 Authorization Matrix
Table 2.5 Authorization Matrix Sprint 2
Role Access Level

Administrator Full access to all settings, historical logs, and system configuration.

Access to view live and historical environmental data, solar power statistics,
Educator
and system status.

Learner Access limited to viewing real-time environmental readings (if applicable).

2.2.2.7 Assumptions
• Solar panel output will vary but remain sufficient to maintain minimal system
operation during regular daylight hours.

• Battery management will prevent deep discharge to preserve hardware lifespan.

• Cloud logging functionality will be stable and internet connectivity will be assumed
for remote logging.

• Dashboard improvements will be compatible across most modern web browsers.

• Data privacy and security best practices will be maintained for cloud data
transmissions.

36
2.2.3 Architecture Document

2.2.3.1 Application Architecture (Microservices and Services)

The second sprint continues to expand the system's modular architecture with additional
microservices, improving both functionality and performance. The following microservices and
features will be developed:

• Air Quality Alert Service:

o Description: This service will be responsible for generating alerts based on air
quality thresholds. If pollutant levels exceed a defined threshold, users will
receive notifications, and the fan will activate. The service communicates with
the Sensor Data Acquisition Service and the Device Control Service.

o Responsibilities:
▪ Monitor real-time sensor data.
▪ Trigger alerts when CO₂ or pollutant levels exceed defined limits.
▪ Activate/deactivate fan based on thresholds.
• Battery Health Monitoring Service:
o Description: This service will track the health of the battery, including its
voltage levels, charge cycles, and overall performance. It will provide
warnings if the battery’s health is degrading and recommend system
adjustments.

o Responsibilities:
▪ Monitor battery voltage and health status.
▪ Send alerts to the Solar Power Monitoring Service for battery
optimization.

▪ Log battery status for future reference and troubleshooting.

• Cloud Data Sync Service:

o Description: This service handles synchronization of system data (e.g., sensor

readings, fan status, solar power levels) to cloud storage. It ensures that data is
available for historical analysis and user monitoring.

o Responsibilities:
▪ Periodically synchronize data to cloud storage.
▪ Ensure data integrity and availability.
▪ Support future development of user-facing analytics features.
37
• User Notification Service:
o Description: This service manages user notifications, including alerts about air
quality, system status, and battery health. It allows users to stay informed about
the performance of the air purifier and its environmental impact.

o Responsibilities:
▪ Send push notifications, SMS, or email alerts based on system
conditions (e.g., fan activation, air quality threshold breach).

▪ Provide a user-friendly interface for managing notification preferences.

• Dashboard Service (Enhanced UI):
o Description: The dashboard service will be upgraded to provide more detailed
real-time analytics. It will include charts, logs, and notifications for system
and environmental conditions.

o Responsibilities:
▪ Display real-time environmental data (CO₂, temperature, humidity).
▪ Show fan activation status and solar power consumption.
▪ Provide user interaction with system notifications and settings.

38
2.2.3.2 System Architecture

Figure 2.10: System architecture

39
 2.2.3.3 Data Exchange Contract
In Sprint 2, data exchange processes remain focused on high availability and real-time
communication with periodic synchronizations. However, additional complexity is introduced
with new microservices and data flow.

Frequency of Data Exchanges:

• Real-Time Exchanges:
o Alerts and fan activation are exchanged in real-time via APIs.
o Battery health status and air quality readings trigger immediate responses.
• Periodic Syncs:
o Cloud data synchronization occurs at defined intervals (e.g., every 5 minutes)
for non-critical data such as system logs and historical sensor data.

o The Cloud Data Sync Service aggregates sensor data, battery health metrics,
and fan statuses before syncing it.

Data Sets:
• Air Quality Data: Includes CO₂ levels, temperature, humidity, and fan status.
Exchanged between the Sensor Data Acquisition Service, Air Quality Alert
Service, and the Device Control Service.

• Battery Data: Tracks voltage, charge cycles, and battery health. Exchanged with the

Battery Health Monitoring Service and the Solar Power Monitoring Service.
• System Alerts & Notifications: Includes user alerts and fan activation notices.
Shared via the User Notification Service.

Mode of Exchanges:
• API:
o Real-time data exchanges between services such as Sensor Data Acquisition
Service, Air Quality Alert Service, and Device Control Service.

• Message Queues:
o Services like User Notification Service and Cloud Data Sync Service rely
on asynchronous message queues (e.g., RabbitMQ, AWS SQS) for
background jobs.

• File-Based Exchanges:
o Bulk data (e.g., sensor data logs) will be exchanged through file uploads to
cloud storage systems like AWS S3 for later processing and analysis.

40
2.2.4 UI Design

Figure 2.11 AIR QUALITY DASHBOARD

Figure 2.12. MESSAGE DASHBOARD

41
2.2.5 Functional Test Cases

Table 2.6 Functional Test Case

42
2.2.6 Daily Call Progress

Fig 2.13. Daily Call Progess

43
2.2.7 COMMITTED Vs COMPLETED USER STORIES

Figure 2.14 Bar graph for Committed Vs Completed User Stories

44
2.2.8 Sprint Retrospective

Table 2.7 Sprint retrospective 2

Create a
shared
MOSFET logic Use a transistor or component
worked correctly LED and fan shared separate circuit inventory list
after fixing GPIO unclear wiring logic Add LED indicator for path for status in Google
and grounding. with solar source. solar charging status. LED. Sheets
Team
collaborated Some delays in Draw and
efficiently on setting up Maintain an print circuit
sensor integration components due to Prepare a inventory box and diagrams for
and idea missing component checklist pre-assemble team
generation. resistors/pulldowns. before sprint starts. modules. reference
Successfully
integrated cloud Delay in receiving Order all Use a Kanban Build a
dashboard for some components components in board to track custom PCB
real-time data caused lag in advance before incoming parts to avoid
viewing. testing. sprint begins. and lead times. messy wiring

45
2.3 Sprint 3

2.3.1 Sprint Goal with User Stories of Sprint 3

Implement user collaboration features, advanced system settings, and real-time alerts for air
quality thresholds.

Table 2.8 Detailed User Stories of Sprint 3

S.NO Detailed User Stories

As a user, I want to receive notifications when the air quality exceeds a threshold,
US #9
so that I can take appropriate action to improve it.

As a user, I want to collaborate with other users working on similar IoT-based air
US #10
purifier projects so that I can share ideas and improve my design.

As a user, I want to adjust the threshold levels for air quality monitoring and fan
US #11
activation through the platform to fine-tune the performance of my system.

46
2.3.2 Functional Document

2.3.2.1 Introduction
Sprint 3 aims to complete the Solar-Powered IoT Air Purifier and Air Quality Monitoring
System by integrating machine learning-driven decision-making, enabling predictive air quality
management, and preparing the system for remote updates and optimizations. This phase
ensures the system becomes smarter, more adaptive, and future-ready.

2.3.2.2 Product Goal

The goal for Sprint 3 is to evolve the system into an intelligent, context-aware solution by:
• Implementing machine learning models for predictive air quality management.
• Enabling Over-The-Air (OTA) firmware updates to keep the system remotely
upgradable.

• Integrating alert mechanisms (email/SMS/app notifications) for critical air quality

conditions.

• Optimizing system resource usage for long-term autonomous operation.

2.3.2.3 Demography (Users, Location)
• Users:
• Target Users: Tech-savvy homeowners, smart city project managers, environmental
researchers, IoT developers.

• User Characteristics: Individuals or organizations focused on automation,

sustainability, and proactive environmental management.

• Location:
• Global, with emphasis on urban centers, suburban communities, and research
facilities needing intelligent air quality monitoring and proactive purification.

2.3.2.4 Business Processes

Key business processes added or refined in Sprint 3 include:
• Predictive Air Quality Management: Using ML models to forecast poor air
conditions and preemptively activate the fan or issue alerts.

47
 • Remote Firmware Updates: Ability to push firmware updates over Wi-Fi to improve
system features without physical access.

• Alert Management: Notifying users in real-time when critical air quality levels are
detected.

• Optimization of Resource Use: Balancing system activities based on predicted

environmental and battery conditions to maximize uptime.

2.3.2.5 Features
Feature 1: Machine Learning-Based Control
• Description: Machine learning algorithms (e.g., simple regression models or
reinforcement learning) predict air quality degradation and automate proactive fan
activation.

• User Story: As a user, I want the system to predict poor air quality before it happens, so
that purification starts early and air quality remains consistently healthy.

Feature 2: OTA (Over-The-Air) Updates

• Description: System firmware can be updated remotely, allowing new features or fixes
to be deployed without manual intervention.

• User Story: As a user, I want the system to receive updates remotely, so I don't have to
physically access the hardware for improvements or bug fixes.

Feature 3: Critical Air Quality Alerts

• Description: When the system detects critical levels of pollutants, it immediately sends
alerts to users via email, SMS, or app notifications.

• User Story: As a user, I want to be alerted instantly when air quality becomes dangerous,
so I can take immediate action if needed.

Feature 4: System Resource Optimization

• Description: The system dynamically adjusts operational parameters (like sensor read
intervals and fan speed) based on environmental and energy context to conserve power.

48
 • User Story: As a user, I want the system to manage its energy and operation smartly,
so it can run longer without needing manual maintenance.

2.3.2.6 Authorization Matrix

Table 2.9 Authorization Matrix for sprint 3

Role Access Level

Full control including managing ML model updates, triggering OTA updates,

Administrator
setting alert preferences.

View predictive air quality trends, receive alerts, and monitor system
Educator
performance.

Limited access to view predictions and receive air quality alerts (if applicable).
Learner

2.3.2.7 Assumptions
• Machine learning models will initially use basic models, with the possibility of future

upgrades.

• OTA updates will assume stable Wi-Fi connectivity during update operations.
• Alert services (email/SMS) will depend on third-party integrations which must remain
reliable.

• Users will grant necessary permissions for receiving notifications and remote updates.
• The system will include fallback mechanisms in case of OTA update failures.

49
2.3.3 Architecture Document

2.3.3.1. Application Architecture (Microservices and Services)

Predictive Air Quality Analysis Service
• Description: Uses historical sensor data to predict future air quality trends using basic
machine learning models (e.g., linear regression or moving averages).

• Responsibilities:
o Analyze sensor trends and predict future CO₂ levels.
o Trigger early fan activations before pollution peaks.
o Provide predictions to the Dashboard for visualization.
Automated Energy Optimization Service
• Description: Dynamically adjusts system behavior (like fan activation thresholds)
based on available solar power and battery health to extend system uptime during
low-sunlight periods.

• Responsibilities:
o Analyze solar input vs. battery discharge patterns.
o Adjust fan speed and operating intervals intelligently.
o Communicate with the Device Control Service and Battery Health
Monitoring Service.

Advanced Historical Analytics Service

• Description: Provides long-term analytics (weeks, months) of environmental data and
system performance for users and developers.

• Responsibilities:
o Aggregate data stored via the Cloud Data Sync Service.
o Create visualizations (e.g., pollution trends, solar energy efficiency graphs).
User Personalization Service

• Description: Lets users set their own air quality thresholds for alerts and fan
activation, instead of relying only on system defaults.

• Responsibilities:
o Allow users to customize thresholds for air quality levels.
o Store user-specific settings securely.
o Adapt notification and control services based on personalized settings.

50
OTA (Over-the-Air) Update Service (Basic)
• Description: Allows remote firmware and software updates for the IoT device,
sensors, and dashboard components.

• Responsibilities:
o Schedule and deploy firmware updates.
o Provide version control and rollback in case of failures.

51
2.3.3.2. System Architecture

Fig 2.15 System Architecture

52
2.3.3.3. Data Exchange Contract
Sprint 3 introduces more types of data and new exchange patterns.
Frequency of Data Exchanges:
• Real-Time Exchanges:
o User personalization settings applied immediately on change.
o Predictive analysis updates periodically (~every 10-15 minutes) and adjusts
system behavior.

• Periodic Syncs:
o Historical analytics updated daily.
o Cloud data sync runs every 5-10 minutes.
• On-Demand Exchanges:
o OTA updates initiated manually or scheduled.

53
2.3.4 UI Design

Fig 2.16 Arduino cloud ui

54
2.3.5 Functional Test Cases

Table 2.10: Functional test case sprint 3

55
2.3.6 Daily Call Progress

Fig 2.17 Daily call progress sprint 3

56
2.3.7 Committed Vs Completed User Stories

Fig 2.18 Bar graph for completed vs committed sprint 3

57
2.3.8 Sprint Retrospective

Table 2.11 Sprint retrospective sprint 3

Write
threshold-
Accurate based
threshold Misunderstood Document correct control logic
detection was FR120N pinout Always refer to pinouts and keep and test with
achieved after initially caused official datasheets printed sheets simulated
calibration. miswiring. before wiring. during build. values
Breadboard Add retry logic in
prototyping Improve sensor code and limit Add an LED
helped identify DHT22 occasionally polling timing with reads to status light
early circuit returned NaN due better delay recommended for solar
issues. to missing delays. management. intervals. panel
The system
automatically Update cloud Code lacked
triggered fan No visual feedback Add a virtual switch properties and air quality
based on air to show fan status or status indicator to create a "Fan threshold
quality above 370. on the dashboard. the IoT dashboard. Status" variable. logic
Add a 5–10 Component
Understood minute warm-up confusion
working behavior Sensor warm-up Document warm-up delay before due to
of MQ135 better time wasn’t time for MQ135 in taking air quality unlabelled
through trial runs. considered initially. user manual. readings. wires

58
 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Project Outcomes

The Solar-Powered IoT Air Purifier and Air Quality Monitoring System was successfully
designed, implemented, and tested, achieving the primary objectives set at the beginning of the
project. The major outcomes of the project are summarized below:

3.1.1 Functional Outcomes

• Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring:
o The system effectively measured air quality parameters including CO₂
concentration (using the MQ135 sensor), temperature, and humidity (using
the DHT22 sensor).

o Sensor data was accurately captured and transmitted to the microcontroller

without significant delays or noise under both indoor and outdoor conditions.

• Automated Air Purification Control:

o The FR120N MOSFET-based fan control mechanism operated correctly.
o The fan was triggered automatically whenever the CO₂ levels or pollutant
thresholds exceeded pre-set safe limits, ensuring dynamic air purification.

• Solar Energy Utilization:

o The solar panel effectively charged the rechargeable battery, providing a
sustainable and eco-friendly power source for the system.

o The solar power monitoring service successfully tracked battery voltage and
solar input, helping in optimizing energy usage.

• User Interface (Dashboard):

o A basic dashboard interface displayed real-time sensor readings (CO₂ levels,
temperature, humidity), fan status (on/off), and solar panel charging status.

o The interface enabled evelopers and users to visualize system operation and
environmental conditions in real-time.

3.1.2 Microservices Outcomes

• Sensor Data Acquisition Service reliably collected and forwarded real-time
environmental data.
59
 • Device Control Service ensured immediate fan activation when pollutant levels crossed
the threshold.

• Solar Power Monitoring Service logged energy consumption and battery status,
providing insights for energy management.

• Dashboard Service provided a real-time, easy-to-access visualization of system data.

• (Sprint 2 & 3 additions:)

o Air Quality Alert Service and User Notification Service successfully

generated notifications for critical air pollution events.

o Predictive Air Quality Analysis Service could forecast short-term air quality
trends based on historical data.

o Automated Energy Optimization Service adjusted fan operations during low

solar energy availability, enhancing energy efficiency.

o OTA Update Service enabled basic remote updates to the microcontroller

firmware.

3.1.3 Performance Outcomes

• System Responsiveness:
o Average sensor-to-actuation latency was less than 2 seconds under normal
operating conditions.

o Predictive fan activation improved system responsiveness during sudden

spikes in pollution.

• Energy Efficiency:

o The solar charging system provided enough power to sustain the device for
approximately 24–36 hours without direct sunlight once fully charged.

o Automated energy optimization prolonged battery life during cloudy or

nighttime conditions.

• Reliability and Stability:

o The system maintained stable performance for continuous operation during
multi-day field tests.

o No major sensor failures or data losses were observed.

60
3.1.4 Sustainability and Scalability Outcomes
• Eco-Friendly Operation:
o 100% reliance on solar energy for power under ideal sunlight conditions
promoted environmental sustainability.

• Modular and Scalable Architecture:

o The microservices design allowed easy addition of new features (e.g.,
historical analytics, personalized thresholds) without impacting existing
services.

o Future scaling, such as adding more sensor types or integrating with smart
home ecosystems, can be achieved with minimal system redesign.

3.1.5 Challenges and Limitations

• Solar Dependency:
o In consistently low-light environments (e.g., indoor areas without sun
exposure), battery discharge was faster than expected.

• Sensor Calibration:
o The MQ135 sensor required an initial calibration period (~24 hours) for stable
readings, slightly delaying early-stage testing.

• Data Connectivity:

o Stable Wi-Fi was essential for cloud data sync and OTA updates, posing
challenges in remote areas with weak signals.

61
3.2 Committed Vs Completed User stories

Fig 3.1 Bar graph for completed vs committed sprint 1,2 and 3

62
 CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

4.1 Conclusion
The Solar-Powered IoT Air Purifier and Air Quality Monitoring System successfully
demonstrates an effective, energy-efficient approach to real-time air quality management. By
integrating sensors like MQ135 and DHT22 with an ESP8266 microcontroller, the system
monitors critical environmental parameters such as CO₂ concentration, temperature, and
humidity.
Powered sustainably by solar energy, the system autonomously operates a DC fan to improve
air quality when pollutant levels exceed predefined thresholds. Real-time data transmission and
visualization allow users to remotely monitor environmental conditions, contributing to
increased awareness and proactive intervention for health and safety.

The project achieved the key goals of sustainability, autonomy, and real-time environmental
intelligence. It validates that renewable energy-powered IoT solutions can play a significant
role in addressing urban and rural air quality challenges without increasing the carbon footprint.

In addition, the project lays the groundwork for integrating machine learning, enabling
predictive analytics and smart resource management, making the system not only reactive but
also preventive.

4.2 Future Enhancements

While the current system meets its core objectives, several enhancements could further expand
its impact and functionality:

• Advanced Machine Learning Integration

Implement deeper learning models to predict pollution patterns based on historical data,
weather forecasts, and time-of-day analysis for even smarter air purification control.

• Multi-Sensor Expansion

Incorporate additional sensors such as PM2.5/PM10 (dust), NO₂, and VOC sensors for
more comprehensive air quality assessment.

63
• Mobile App Development

Launch a dedicated Android/iOS app for user-friendly access to real-time data, alerts,
and system control functionalities.

• Edge Computing Capabilities

Enhance the system with local, on-device AI processing to reduce dependence on cloud
services, ensuring faster decision-making and lower operational costs.

• Grid Connectivity & Hybrid Power

Introduce the option for hybrid power sources (solar + grid) to guarantee continuous
operation during low solar generation periods.

• Community Networking

Allow multiple systems to form a mesh network, sharing air quality data over larger
geographical areas for community-level monitoring and analysis.

• OTA Updates and Remote Reconfiguration

Strengthen Over-The-Air (OTA) capabilities to allow firmware upgrades, machine

learning model updates, and system parameter adjustments remotely and securely.

• Predictive Maintenance

Use sensor data and operational logs to predict when components such as fans or sensors
need servicing or replacement, enhancing reliability and system lifespan.

64
 APPENDIX

A. PATENT DISCLOSURE FORM

65
 B. SAMPLE CODING

#include "arduino_secrets.h"
/*
Sketch generated by the Arduino IoT Cloud Thing
Arduino IoT Cloud Variables description
The following variables are automatically generated and updated when changes are made to
the Thing
String message;
CloudPercentage airquality;
CloudRelativeHumidity humidity;
CloudTemperature temperature;
*/
#include "thingProperties.h"
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTpin 4 // D2 on the NodeMCU (GPIO4)
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define MQ135PIN A0
#define FAN_PIN D1 // GPIO5, controls the MOSFET

DHT dht(DHTpin, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(1500);
initProperties();
ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);
setDebugMessageLevel(2);
ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
dht.begin();
pinMode(FAN_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, LOW); // Ensure fan is OFF at startup
}
void loop() {
ArduinoCloud.update();
float hm = dht.readHumidity();
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.println(hm);

66
 float temp = dht.readTemperature();
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.println(temp);
humidity = hm;
temperature = temp;
int airqualityvalue = analogRead(MQ135PIN);
Serial.print("Gas Value: ");
Serial.println(airqualityvalue);
airquality = airqualityvalue;
// Update message for cloud
message = "Temperature = " + String(temperature) +
" °C, Humidity = " + String(humidity) +
" %, Air Quality = " + String(airqualityvalue);
// Fan control based on air quality
if (airqualityvalue > 300) {
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, HIGH); // Turn ON the fan
Serial.println("Fan ON (bad air quality)");
} else {
digitalWrite(FAN_PIN, LOW); // Turn OFF the fan

Serial.println("Fan OFF (good air quality)");

}
delay(1000); // Optional: Adjust if needed
}
// Optional change handlers (IoT Cloud Dashboard)
void onTemperatureChange() {}
void onHumidityChange() {}
void onAirqualityChange() {}
void onMessageChange(){}

67
 C. PLAGIARISM REPORT

Format - I
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Deemed to be University u/ s 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Office of Controller of Examinations

REPORT FOR PLAGIARISM CHECK ON THE DISSERTATION/PROJECT REPORTS FOR UG/PG PROGRAMMES
(To be attached in the dissertation/ project report)
SAAHIL PRADHAN, LALITH REDDY A
Name of the Candidate (IN BLOCK
1
LETTERS)

SRM Institute of Science and Technology,

2 Address of the Candidate Kattankulathur, Chennai.

RA2211003010091, RA2211003010129
3 Registration Number

27/07/2004, 29/08/2005
4 Date of Birth

5 Department Computer Science and Engineering

6 Faculty Engineering and Technology, School of Computing

AI AND SOLAR POWERED AIR QUALITY

7 Title of the Dissertation/Project
MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Individual or group :
(Strike whichever is not applicable)

a) If the project/ dissertation is done in

Whether the above project /dissertation group, then how many students together
8 completed the project :2
is done by
b) Mention the Name & Register number of
other candidates :
SAAHIL PRADHAN, LALITH REDDY A
RA2211003010091, RA2211003010129

Dr. Vanusha D
Department of Computing Technologies, Faculty of
Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur-
Name and address of the Supervisor / Chennai
9
Guide
Mail ID: [email protected]
Mobile Number: 9600081734

Name and address of Co-Supervisor /

NA
10
Co- Guide (if any)
Mail ID:
Mobile Number:

68
 11 Software Used TURNITIN

12 Date of Verification 25th April, 2025

13 Plagiarism Details: (to attach the final report from the software)

Percentage of Percentage of % of plagiarism

similarity index similarity index after excluding
Chapter Title of the Chapter (including self (Excluding Quotes,
citation) self-citation) Bibliography, etc.,

1
INTRODUCTION

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

3 PROPOSED WORK

4 METHODOLOGY

5 IMPLEMENTATION

6
RESULTS AND EVALUATION

7 CONCLUSION

8 REFERENCES

10

Appendices

I / We declare that the above information have been verified and found true to the best of my / our knowledge.

Name & Signature of the Staff

Signature of the Candidate (Who uses the plagiarism check software)

Name & Signature of the Co-Supervisor/Co-

Name & Signature of the Supervisor/ Guide Guide

Name & Signature of the HOD

69
70
71