JAWAHARLAL NEHRU COLLEGE, BOKO

4TH Semester Internship Project

Topic- Internet & Networks
Submitted By-
BANITA SOUD
Roll No. : UA-231-019-0037
Registration No. : 23031841
Class : B.A. 4th Semester (H)
Class Roll No. : 349
Mobile No. : 9395716092
 What is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of
interconnected computer networks,
essentially a vast WAN, linking millions of
devices and allowing worldwide
information exchange. It operates on a set
of standardized rules called Internet
Protocols (IP), which govern how data is
transmitted and received across the
network.
 Key concepts related to the
Internet:

Internet Protocols (IP): Rules governing

data transmission over the Internet, such
as TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.

IP Addresses: Unique numerical labels

assigned to every device connected to
the Internet, enabling routing of data
packets to the correct destination.
 World Wide Web (WWW): A system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet using web browsers.

Domain Name System (DNS): Translates

human-friendly domain names (e.g.,
example.com) into IP addresses that
computers use to identify each other on the
network.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs): Companies

that provide access to the Internet and
facilitate connection to the global network.
 What is a network?
A network is a collection of
interconnected devices like
computers, printers, and servers,
allowing them to communicate and
share resources. These connections
can be wired using cables or wireless
using radio waves. Networks are
essential for various tasks, including
data sharing, communicating, and
resource pooling.
Common network types based on size
and purpose:
Local Area Network (LAN): Connects devices
within a small geographical area like a home,
office, or school. LANs facilitate fast
communication and resource sharing in a
confined space.
Wide Area Network (WAN): Spans larger
distances, connecting multiple LANs across
cities, countries, or even continents. WANs
enable communication between
geographically dispersed locations and often
use technologies like fiber-optic cables or
satellite links.
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Covers
an area larger than a LAN but smaller than a
WAN, typically spanning a city or a large
campus. MANs provide high-speed
connectivity and efficient data transmission
within a metropolitan area.

Personal Area Network (PAN): Connects

devices within a very short range, primarily
for personal use, such as connecting a
smartphone to a Bluetooth headset.
Network devices
Network devices are essential for the functioning of a network,
enabling communication and data flow. Examples include:
Hubs: Connect multiple devices in a network, sending data
packets to all connected devices.
Switches: More advanced than hubs, switches can filter data
and send it selectively to the correct port, improving network
efficiency.
Routers: Forward data packets between networks, determining
the best path for the information to reach its destination
based on IP addresses.
Modems: Convert digital signals into analog signals for
transmission over mediums like phone lines or cables and
vice-versa, allowing devices to connect to the internet.
Repeaters: Amplify signals to extend their reach over a
network.
Access Points (APs): Allow wireless devices to connect to a
wired network, creating Wi-Fi networks.
Firewalls: Monitor and control network traffic, acting as a
barrier against unauthorized access and cyber threats.
 How do networks and the Internet work
together?
Individual networks, like LANs in homes and
businesses, connect to the broader Internet
through ISPs. ISPs act as gateways, connecting
these smaller networks to the vast global
infrastructure of the Internet. When you access
a website or send an email, your device
communicates with your local network, which
then transmits the request through your ISP and
the Internet to the destination server, where the
requested information is stored. This
information is then routed back to your device
in a similar fashion.
 In essence
Networks are the building blocks, small
interconnected groups of devices for local
communication and resource sharing. The
Internet is the global culmination, a vast
"network of networks" that allows devices all
over the world to communicate and share
information using standardized protocol.

Thanks