Kampala International University

BSTC 3.2, BSCE 3.2, BS EE 3.2, and BSME 3.2 (BSc. in

Telecommunications Engineering, Civil Engineering,
UTC-K,202 IOM 002

Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering)

Management of Organization
Functions and Levels of Management

Dr. Ismail Bakheit Eldouma

Assistant Professor
12/09/2024
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Brief Introduction to management:
The management process is a series of steps which
are used to carry out business operations. The
method of management consists of planning,
organizing, staffing, directing, controlling and
evaluating. In this topic, we'll analyze what’s a
management process, the character and importance
of the management process with an example.
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Management Process:
Importance And Functions
Management method refers to a sequence of activities
done via way of means of managers to achieve
organizational goals. These control method
steps purpose to identify, examine and solve troubles
associated with overall performance or performance
inside an organization. This may be achieved thru
different equipment.
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Functions and Levels of Management:
What is the Management?
Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a
very popular and widely used term. All
organizations - business, political, cultural or social
are involved in management because it is the
management which helps and directs the various
efforts towards a definite purpose.
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According to Harold Koontz, Management is an
art of getting things done through and with the
people in formally organized groups. It is an art of
creating an environment in which people can
perform and individuals and can cooperate towards
attainment of group goals.
According to Taylor, Management is an art of
knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is
done in the best and cheapest way. 5
Management is a purposive activity. It is something that
directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain
predetermined goals. Management is the process of working
with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of
the organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the
changing world.
Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to
another. E.g.: For one enterprise it may be launching of new
products by conducting market surveys and for other it may
be profit maximization by minimizing cost. 6
Management involves creating an internal
environment:
It is the management which puts into use the
various factors of production. Therefore, it is the
responsibility of management to create such
conditions which are conducive to maximum efforts
so that people are able to perform their task
efficiently and effectively.
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It includes ensuring availability of raw materials,
determination of wages and salaries, formulation of
rules & regulations etc. Therefore, we can say that
good management includes both being effective and
efficient. Being effective means doing the
appropriate task i.e., fitting the square pegs in square
holes and round pegs in round holes. Being efficient
means doing the task correctly, at least possible cost
with minimum wastage of resources. 8
Management can be defined in detail in following
categories:
 Management as a Process
 Management as an Activity
 Management as a Discipline
 Management as a Group
 Management as a Science
 Management as an Art
 Management as a Profession 9
Management Levels:
Definitions
Managers are high-level employees who direct other
employees and make decisions for an entire company, a
branch of the company or a team within a branch. In
companies with many employees, branches or teams,
managers may have different levels of responsibility.
Understanding these levels of management can help you
decide the path of your career as a manager.
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What are management levels?
Management levels are the divisions between
degrees of authority and responsibility. The typical
management levels are top-level management, mid-
level management and first-line management. These
levels determine the duties of various manager
positions, including who they report to and who
reports to them. Each management level focuses on
different aspects, success and employee satisfaction.
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Why does management have levels?:
There are many different levels of management to divide
duties between different departments and specialties.
Separating work into management levels allows a
company to hire more employees because there are
many managers available to supervise and direct for
different tasks. This also helps create smooth approval
processes and ensures each level of management can
check one another's work before sending a product to the
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public.
The 3 main levels of management:
There are three main levels of management that
include many types of managerial positions. Here's a
look at the details for each level of management, plus
their duties and common job titles:
1. Top-level managers
Top-level, or administrative, managers oversee the
direction of an entire company. These managers
confirm that the company is meeting its long-term
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goals and growing at a steady pace.
Their primary goals are typically to create a
successful company that maximizes profit and has
an excellent reputation. Top-level managers have
the highest level of responsibility, authority and
control in a company but often take suggestions or
listen to concerns from other employees. The
primary duties of top-level managers involve
developing business plans, setting goals and
keeping contact with external businesses. 14
There are many different roles for top-level
managers, but all of them are very important
positions that direct all other employees. Some
common roles in top-level management are:
 Chief executive officer (CEO)
 Chief operating officer (COO)
 Chief financial officer (CFO)
 President
 Vice president 15
2. Mid-level managers
Mid-level managers, sometimes called executor
managers, execute the plans of top-level
management and direct first-line managers and
other employees. They are the connection between
the administrative level and everyone else, and
these managers often take information from top-
level managers to discuss or teach to employees. .
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The purpose of midlevel managers is to operate the
organization or branches of a company to ensure the
employees of each branch understand the overall goals
they are trying to achieve. Typical duties include
executing top-level plans, guiding first-line managers
with advice and completing group performance
evaluations. Most mid-level managers work with
specific sections of a company or organization to help
their section adhere to company standards.
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3. First-line managers
First-line, or supervisory, managers’ report to mid-level
managers and support the smallest divisions of a company,
like sections within a branch or specific groups of
employees. These managers interpret instructions from
mid-level managers to help them direct their teams
successfully and contribute to the growth of the company
or organization. First-line managers also listen to employee
concerns and discuss them with mid-level management,
who may take the concerns to top-level management. 18
Roles for first-line managers typically involve
interacting directly with employees to help them
perform their duties successfully and create a work
environment committed to following directions
from upper management. A few job titles for a first-
line manager are:
Supervisor, Section lead, Team lead, Foreperson,
Floor manager, and Area coordinator
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What fields require levels of management?
Many job fields use levels of management to create
divisions of authority and structure their employees
into groups for higher productivity. You can find
management jobs at various levels in fields like:
Business, Retail, Foodservice, Construction,
Computer science, Marketing, Education,
Healthcare, and Child care.
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Management Skills:
Definition and Examples
How can you advance through management levels
in your career?
Each field may have different requirements for jobs
at various management levels, but there are a few
common ways to advance your management career.
Gain basic experience in your field before working
as a first-line manager. 21
As you gain leadership experience and learn about the
organization or the company, you may get a promotion
to mid-level and, eventually, top-level management. To
reach top-level manager roles, you may need additional
education or specialization to prove you can help run
an organization or a company successfully. Whether
you’re leading a simple startup or a sprawling
enterprise, the right management structure can
significantly impact your company’s success.
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The levels of managers you put in place in your
organization may seem straightforward, but it’s easy to
make the mistake of creating a top-heavy structure.
Another common pitfall is keeping your company
management too lean to be truly effective. As such, it’s
important to tailor your management levels to your
business size and operational complexity. This will
help you to create a dynamic and responsive
organizational structure.
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What are the main roles and responsibilities of a
manager?
A manager is responsible for the success and failure
of an organization. A manager is also responsible
for the performance of employees and other people
who work in the organization. A manager has to
manage human resources, finances, operations and
other things related to running a successful
business. 24
Effective management is important in an organization
because it helps in achieving goals and objectives.
Reasons why managers are important for any
organization.
The importance of management in an organization is
multifaceted. Managers are important for any
organization to achieve its goals. They are the
backbone of any organization, and their role is to
ensure that everything runs smoothly in the company.
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everything runs smoothly in the company. The
success or failure of an organization depends on how
well its managers handle their responsibilities.
Managers can be categorized as general managers,
who oversee several departments of an organization;
functional managers, who deal with one aspect of
running a business, such as sales or accounting; and
project leaders, who oversee a particular project
within
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their department or division. 26
A general manager oversees all the different departments,
while a functional manager manages one particular
department. A project leader is responsible for overseeing
a specific project or task within an organization.
The importance of management:
1. Helps achieve Organization’s goals:
Managers help to achieve the organization’s goals.
Managers set the vision and strategy of an organization
and manage resources and people in order to successfully
reach those goals. 27
Managers are also responsible for hiring qualified
team members who will be able to take on tasks that
need to be done within the company or the
Organization.

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2. Optimum utilization of resources: Managers are
responsible for the allocation of resources within an
organization. The ability to identify, allocate and manage
resources efficiently is key to a successful business.
3. Provide guidance and direction to employees: Managers
should be able to communicate effectively with their employees,
giving them a sense of direction by providing regular updates on
what is expected of them. They also provide feedback on an
ongoing basis about how well the employee is performing in
that role, as well as whether there’s anything they could do
differently or better next time. 29
To maintain an efficient work culture:
A good work culture is one where employees
are motivated and feel proud to be part of the
organization. Managers maintain an efficient
work culture and ensure that all employees
have access to necessary resources like
equipment or software so that they can carry
out their tasks effectively. 30
Cost reduction: Cost reduction is a key
responsibility and demonstrates the importance of
strategic management. Managers are responsible for
the cost of production, which includes personnel
costs and overhead costs such as office supplies and
utilities. Normally, managers do not have direct
control over these types of expenditures; however,
they can influence them through various means,
such as staff training or policy changes. 31
In addition to reducing operational costs by cutting
unnecessary expenses like paperclips or unused office
space, it’s also important for them to monitor financial
performance so that they can identify areas where there
may be room for improvement in terms of productivity.
4. Organizational growth and development: Managers are
responsible for bringing new ideas to the table, implementing
those ideas, and helping the organization grow. They also
need to make sure that employees have a clear understanding
of the goals for their jobs, which can help them reach their
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full potential.
 Thank you for your attention

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