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Basics of Urdu Language

Urdu is a language with 38 letters, written right to left in Nastaʿlīq script, and features unique phonetic sounds. It boasts a rich literary tradition, including various poetry forms and notable writers, and serves as a cultural identity in South Asia. Modern Urdu is prevalent in media and education, spoken by approximately 170 million people globally.

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8 views2 pages

Basics of Urdu Language

Urdu is a language with 38 letters, written right to left in Nastaʿlīq script, and features unique phonetic sounds. It boasts a rich literary tradition, including various poetry forms and notable writers, and serves as a cultural identity in South Asia. Modern Urdu is prevalent in media and education, spoken by approximately 170 million people globally.

Uploaded by

salihafatimashafiq15
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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🔹 1.

Basics of Urdu Language


 Alphabet → 38 letters (derived from Persian/Arabic script).
 Writing style → written right to left (Nastaʿlīq script).
 Sounds (Phonetics) → includes retroflex sounds (‫ ڑ‬،‫ )ٹ‬not found in Arabic.
 Basic grammar →
o Nouns (‫ → )اسم‬gender (‫ مونث‬/ ‫)مذکر‬.
o Pronouns (‫ ہم → )ضمائر‬،‫ و‬،‫ تم‬،‫میں‬.
o Verbs (‫ → )افعال‬root + tenses (present, past, future).
o Adjectives (‫ & )صفات‬Adverbs (‫)حال‬.
o Sentence structure → Subject–Object–Verb (SOV).
 Vocabulary roots → Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Sanskrit, and English loanwords.

🔹 2. Urdu Literature
Poetry (‫)شاعری‬

 Forms → Ghazal, Nazm, Qasida, Masnavi, Marsiya, Rubaiyat.


 Themes → love, mysticism, philosophy, politics, resistance.
 Famous Poets →
o Mir Taqi Mir (classical ghazal).
o Mirza Ghalib (romantic + philosophical).
o Allama Iqbal (national poet, philosophy of khudi).
o Faiz Ahmed Faiz (revolutionary).
o Parveen Shakir (modern romantic voice).

Prose (‫)نثر‬

 Genres → Novel, Short Story (‫)افسانہ‬, Drama, Essay.


 Famous Writers →
o Munshi Premchand (realism).
o Saadat Hasan Manto (partition stories).
o Ismat Chughtai (feminist voice).
o Qurratulain Hyder (novelist, Aag ka Darya).
o Bano Qudsia & Ashfaq Ahmed (spiritual themes).

🔹 3. Cultural & Historical Importance


 Origin → developed in 12th century India as a mix of local languages + Persian + Arabic.
 Role in South Asia → language of poetry, court, and culture.
 Pakistan → national language & cultural identity.
 India → official language in some states, important in literature and film (Bollywood).
🔹 4. Modern Urdu
 Media → newspapers, dramas, films, songs.
 Digital Urdu → Roman Urdu (typing with English alphabet, e.g., "aap kaisay hain?").
 Education → taught up to advanced level in South Asia and abroad.
 Global presence → spoken by ~170 million people worldwide.

🔹 5. Advanced Study of Urdu


 Linguistics → syntax, phonology, morphology of Urdu.
 Classical literature → Persian-influenced poetry, philosophical texts.
 Modern trends → free verse poetry, experimental novels.
 Translation studies → Urdu ↔ English, Persian, Arabic.

📌 In short:
Urdu is not just a language — it’s a mix of rich literature, deep poetry, cultural identity,
and history. It begins with simple grammar and vocabulary but expands into one of the
world’s greatest poetic and literary traditions.

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