1

1 The diagram shows some masses on a mass hanger attached to an elastic band. The elastic band
is stretched by the masses.

rigid support

elastic band

mass hanger

masses

A student pulls the mass hanger down and then releases it. The mass hanger and masses oscillate
up and down.

The student uses a stop-watch to time 20 oscillations. The diagram below shows the time reading on the stop-watch after the 20
th oscillation.

min s 1 s
100

(a) Determine the time in seconds for 20 oscillations from the time shown on the stop-watch.

time for 20 oscillations = ....................................................... s [1]

(b) Calculate the time in seconds for one oscillation.

time for one oscillation = ....................................................... s [2]

[Total: 3]
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2 Some students collect some drops of water from a leaking tap.

The students measure the volume of the water they collect.

State the term for the equipment that is suitable for measuring the volume accurately.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

3 The diagram shows a coil of wire.

(not to scale)

A student measures the length of the coil using a ruler. His measurement is 3.8 cm.

There are 20 turns of wire in the coil. The student uses his measurement to calculate the average
thickness of the wire.

(a) Show that the average thickness of the wire is about 0.2 cm.

average thickness of wire = .............................................. cm [2]

(b) The student’s measurement of 3.8 cm is inaccurate.

Suggest one reason why the measurement is inaccurate.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

4 Student P and student Q run in a 100 m race.

The diagram shows the distance–time graph for each student during the race.
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(a) Calculate the average speed of student Q during the 100 m race.

average speed = .............................................. m / s [3]

(b) State which student has the faster speed between 3.0 s and 6.0 s.

Explain how the distance-time graphs allows you to compare speeds without calculation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]
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5 A box is attached to a parachute. The box and the parachute are falling through the air.

The graph is the speed–time graph for the box before the parachute is opened.

Calculate the distance the box moves between time = 30 s and time = 40 s.

distance = .............................................. m [3]

[Total: 3]

6 During part of a race, a skier travels a distance of 200 m in a time of 6.4 s.

Calculate the average speed of the skier.

average speed = .............................................. m / s [3]

[Total: 3]
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7 Some cyclists are racing around a track.

The graph is a speed-time graph for one cyclist.

Tick the box that represents the cyclist travelling at constant speed.

D
[1]

[Total: 1]
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8 The diagram shows two children sitting on a see-saw.

(not to scale)

The weight of child A is 125 N.

Calculate the mass of child A. Include the unit in your answer.

mass of child A = ................................... unit .............. [3]

[Total: 3]

9 A student drops a ball from a high window.

The mass of the ball is 0.12 kg.

Calculate the weight of the ball.

weight = .............................................. N [3]

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[Total: 3]

10 A student has a measuring cylinder, a beaker of liquid and a balance.

Describe how the student can use this equipment to determine the density of the liquid.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

11 The diagram shows a metal block and its dimensions.

12.0 cm

2.0 cm
2.0 cm

Calculate the volume of the metal block.

3 [2]
volume of the block = .................................................. cm

[Total: 2]

12 The diagram shows the forces acting on a uniform balanced beam. The beam is pivoted at its
centre.
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(a) Calculate the moment of the 5.2 N force about the pivot and show that its value is close to
30 Ncm.

[3]

(b) The beam is balanced. Calculate force P.

force P = ...................................................... N [4]

[Total: 7]

13 The diagram shows three horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road.

The horizontal forces act along the same straight line.

Calculate the size of the resultant horizontal force on the car and state its direction.

size of resultant force = .............................................. N

direction of resultant force .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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14 The person in the diagram is pushing a child on a swing.

State the name of the force that acts against the motion of the swing.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

15 Complete the sentence about effects of forces. Choose words from the box.

colour friction pressure shape size speed

Stretching a spring with a load is an example of how a force can change the

.................................... and the .................................... of an object. [2]

[Total: 2]

16 The diagram shows a train.

Suggest how the shape of the train helps it to travel at high speeds.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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17 A car driver needs to remove one of the wheels on his car. He puts a spanner on a wheel nut.

The driver releases a second wheel nut in a shorter time than the first wheel nut. The driver uses
the same amount of energy in releasing both wheel nuts.

less than the same as greater than

Complete the sentences using the phrases in the box. Each phrase may be used once, more than
once or not at all.

The work done in releasing the second wheel nut is ............................................... the work done
in releasing the first wheel nut.

The power produced in releasing the second wheel nut is ............................................... the power
produced in releasing the first wheel nut. [2]

[Total: 2]
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18 Electrical appliances transfer energy. Some of the energy transferred is useful.

Draw a line from each electrical appliance to the correct useful energy output.

Only draw three lines.

[3]

[Total: 3]

19 The diagram shows three horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road.

The horizontal forces act along the same straight line.

The driver presses the brake pedal and the car slows down.
As the car slows down, the kinetic energy of the car decreases by 100 kJ.

Describe and explain what happens to this 100 kJ of energy.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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20 A man lifts 40 blocks onto a platform, as shown in diagram A.

He lifts 10 blocks at once and does this four times.

A machine can lift 40 blocks at once onto the same platform, as shown in diagram B.

Diagram A Diagram B

(a) State the term used for energy gained by the blocks when they are lifted onto the platform.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State how the energy gained by 40 blocks when lifted by the man compares with the energy
gained by 40 blocks when lifted by the machine.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
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21 The figure shows an oil can containing only air at atmospheric pressure.

can

Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 10 5 Pa.

The pressure of the air in the can is reduced by means of a pump. The can collapses when the
pressure of the air in the can falls to 6000 Pa.

Explain why the can collapses.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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22 The diagram shows a vehicle that is designed to travel on snow.

snow-tracks

The vehicle has four snow-tracks.

Explain why the snow-tracks are better than wheels for travelling on snow.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

23 The diagram shows a tall can containing water.

The can has three identical holes 1, 2 and 3 on one side, one above the other in a vertical line, as
shown in the diagram.

Water is shown flowing out of hole 2 and hole 3.

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(a) State how the pressure of the water at hole 2 compares with the pressure of the water at
hole 3.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Draw on the diagram to show the stream of water flowing from hole 1. [1]

[Total: 2]

24 Here are descriptions of four situations.

Indicate the situations in which work is done.

Put a tick (✓) in each correct box.

A child is sitting at the top of the stairs.

A picture is hanging on a wall.

A student is stretching a spring.

A person is moving a chair.

[1]

[Total: 1]
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25 The diagram shows an archer pulling the string of a bow.

State the type of energy stored in the bow when the archer bends it as shown in the diagram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

26 The diagram represents part of a roller coaster track.

A machine lifts the car to point A. The machine is not 100% efficient.

Suggest why the machine is not 100% efficient. Use your ideas about energy.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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27 The diagram shows a truck lifting a heavy load.

Identify the quantities that determine the power of the truck.

Tick the box next to each correct quantity.

energy transferred

temperature

time
[1]

[Total: 1]

28 Draw a ring around the unit for work done from the list.

joule newton pascal watt

[1]

[Total: 1]
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29 The diagram represents gas particles in a container. The container is at room temperature.

container wall
gas particle

(not to scale)

State how the motion of the gas particles changes when the gas in the container is cooled.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

30 Some gas molecules are in a box at room temperature.

The diagram shows the position of some of the molecules and the direction of movement of each
molecule.

The gas, shown in the diagram, is cooled. The gas turns into a liquid then into a solid.

State how the average separation of molecules in the gas is different from the average separation
of molecules in the solid.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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31 Complete the sentence. Choose from the words in the box.

solid liquid gas

Evaporation takes place when the most energetic molecules leave the surface of a

..................... . [1]

[Total: 1]

32 Complete the sentence. Choose from the words in the box.

solid liquid gas

A small force can change the volume of a ..................... . [1]

[Total: 1]

33 A liquid-in-glass thermometer uses the property of expansion of a liquid to measure temperature.

State one other application or consequence of thermal expansion.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

34 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She measures the temperature of
the wax every minute. She continues heating once the wax has melted and stops heating when
the wax is boiling.

State the term used for the process that transfers thermal energy through the copper.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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35 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.

Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.

Thermal energy is transferred throughout the water by .............................................. . [1]

[Total: 1]

36 As part of his meal, a workman has a cup containing a hot drink.

In order to keep the drink hot whilst he eats the rest of his meal, he covers the cup, as shown in
the figure.

Suggest one other way that the workman can help to keep the drink hot while he eats the rest of
his meal.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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21

37 The diagram shows a cross-section of a flask. The flask is used to keep a liquid hot. The flask has
two glass walls with a vacuum between them. The surfaces of the glass walls are shiny.

plastic cap

double-walled
glass container

hot liquid

vacuum

shiny surfaces

Explain how the shiny surfaces reduce the transfer of thermal energy from the hot liquid.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

1 A student investigates the cooling of water.

Fig. 2.1 shows the set-up.

thermometer

lid bench
beaker

Fig. 2.1

(a) The thermometer in Fig. 2.2 shows the room temperature θR at the beginning of the
experiment. Record θR.

–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

°C
 5
Fig. 2.2

θR = ......................................................... [1]
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(b) The student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into a beaker. He places a lid on the beaker. He
places the thermometer in the hot water in the beaker.

He records, in Table 2.1, the temperature θ of the hot water at time t = 0. He immediately
starts a stop-watch.

He continues recording the temperature in Table 2.1 at 30 s intervals until he has seven sets
of readings.

(i) Complete the column headings in Table 2.1. [1]

(ii) Write the times in the first column of Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

t/ θ/
92
87
83
80
78
76
75
[1]

(c) (i) Calculate the decrease in temperature Δθ between t = 0 and t = 180 s.

Δθ = ......................................................... [1]
Δθ
(ii) Calculate the average rate of cooling R of the water using the equation R = ,
Δt
where Δt = 180 s. Include the unit.

R = ......................................................... [2]

(d) A student states that the water cools slowly.

Suggest two changes to the experiment that the student makes to increase the rate of
cooling of the hot water without changing the starting temperature of the hot water. Room
temperature remains constant.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(e) State one precaution that you would take to obtain accurate temperature readings.

Explain briefly the reason for this precaution.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

1 A student investigates the period of a pendulum. Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 show the set-up.

clamp clamp

bob

one complete
oscillation

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(a) Explain briefly how to measure to the centre of the pendulum bob as accurately as possible.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The student adjusts the length of the pendulum until the distance l , measured from the bottom
of the clamp supporting the pendulum to the centre of the pendulum bob, is 50.0 cm.

© UCLES 2022 0625/61/O/N/22 [Turn over

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He displaces the bob slightly and releases it so that it swings. Fig. 1.2 shows one complete oscillation
of the pendulum.

He measures and records the time t for 20 complete oscillations.

(i) Calculate, and record in Table 1.1, the period T of the pendulum. The period is the time
for one complete oscillation. [1]

(ii) Calculate, and record in Table 1.1, the value of T 2. [1]

Table 1.1

l / cm t/s T/s T 2 / s2
50.0 28.2
60.0 31.2 1.56 2.43
70.0 33.6 1.68 2.82
80.0 35.8 1.79 3.20
90.0 38.2 1.91 3.65

He repeats the procedure using l values of 60.0 cm, 70.0 cm, 80.0 cm and 90.0 cm. The readings
and results are shown in Table 1.1.

© UCLES 2022 0625/61/O/N/22 [Turn over

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(c) Plot a graph of T 2 / s2 (y-axis) against l / cm (x-axis). Start the T 2 / s2 axis at a convenient value
close to the minimum value of T 2 / s2.

[4]

(d) Determine the gradient G of the graph. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained the
necessary information.

G = ........................................................ [3]

(e) Explain briefly why timing 20 oscillations gives a more accurate result for the period T than
timing 1 oscillation.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 11]

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© UCLES 2022 0625/61/O/N/22 [Turn over