1
1 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. The diagram shows the sailor turning the winch.
sail
winch
Describe one non-useful energy transfer when the sailor uses the winch to raise the sail.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
2 A student has a measuring cylinder and a small, irregularly shaped piece of metal. The piece of
metal can easily fit into the measuring cylinder.
Describe how the student can use the measuring cylinder and some water to find the volume of
the metal.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
2
3 A device for measuring gas pressure is connected to a gas supply as shown in the diagram.
300
250
242
connection to
gas supply 200
h
150
100
82
50
mercury
mm scale
0
(a) State the name of the measuring device shown in the diagram.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 1]
3
4 A device for measuring gas pressure is connected to a gas supply as shown in the diagram.
300
250
242
connection to
gas supply 200
h
150
100
82
50
mercury
mm scale
0
(a) Determine the difference h between the mercury levels shown in the diagram.
h = .......................................... mm [2]
(b) The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury.
Determine the pressure of the gas supply.
pressure of gas supply = ........................ mm of mercury [1]
[Total: 3]
4
5 A student has an object with a mass of 5.0 kg.
Calculate the weight of the object.
weight of object = ....................................................... N [2]
[Total: 2]
6 The weight of a skydiver is 750 N.
The weight of the skydiver acts downwards, as shown in the diagram.
While the skydiver is falling, another force acts upwards.
The upward force varies as the skydiver falls.
.............................................
weight = 750 N
(not to scale)
The skydiver is accelerating between time = 0 and time = 20 s of the fall.
Between time = 20 s and time = 40 s the skydiver is falling at a constant speed.
(a) On the diagram, write the name of the upward force on the dotted line above the upward force.
[1]
(b) Suggest a value for the upward force on the skydiver at time = 10 s.
.................................................... N [1]
(c) Determine the value of the upward force on the skydiver at time = 30 s.
.................................................... N [1]
5
[Total: 3]
7 A device for measuring gas pressure is connected to a gas supply as shown in the diagram A.
300
250
242
connection to
gas supply 200
h
150
side A
side B
100
82
50
mercury
mm scale
0
Diagram A Diagram B
The gas supply is turned off and the device is disconnected from the gas supply. Both ends of the
tube are open to the atmosphere.
On diagram B, draw and label the levels of mercury in side A and in side B of the tube. [1]
[Total: 1]
6
8 The graph is a speed-time graph for a car.
20.0
speed
18.0
m/s
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0
time / s
Calculate the distance travelled by this car between time = 2.0 s and time = 6.0 s.
distance travelled = ............................................ m [3]
[Total: 3]
7
9 An engineer measures the pressure of the gas in a gas bottle. The diagram shows the measuring
device he uses, connected to the gas bottle.
mm
300
250
glass tube
from a
200
gas bottle
150
100
50
mercury
0
State the name of the measuring device shown in the diagram.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
8
10 A sailor uses a winch to raise a sail on a boat. Diagram A shows the sailor turning the winch.
sail
winch
Diagram A
The sailor applies a force of 200 N at a distance of 30 cm from the pivot in the winch, as shown in
diagram B.
200 N
winch
pivot
30 cm
Diagram B
Calculate the moment of this force about the pivot.
moment of force = ................................................. N cm [3]
[Total: 3]
9
11 The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a car.
900 N 1200 N
(not to scale)
Calculate the resultant horizontal force on the car.
size of force = .............................................. N
direction ........................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
12 A car takes 12.8 s to travel 200 m.
Calculate the average speed of the car for this 200 m.
average speed = ..................................... m / s [3]
[Total: 3]
10
13 The weight of a table is 280 N. The table has four legs. The area of each table leg in contact with
2
the floor is 18 cm .
Calculate the pressure of the table on the floor. Give the correct unit.
pressure on the floor = ............................... unit .................. [5]
[Total: 5]
14 A student lifts a 5.0 kg object from the floor onto a table. He does 75 J of work on the object in lifting
it onto the table.
State the amount of gravitational potential energy gained by the object due to being lifted onto the
table.
gravitational potential energy gained by object = .................................................... J [1]
[Total: 1]
15 A liquid-in-glass thermometer has a scale with marks from −10 °C to 110 °C.
A student checks the accuracy of the thermometer.
State the importance of the 0 °C and 100 °C marks on a thermometer scale.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
16 A liquid-in-glass thermometer has a scale with marks from −10 °C to 110 °C.
A student checks the accuracy of the thermometer.
Describe how to check the accuracy of the 100 °C mark on the thermometer scale.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
11
[Total: 1]
17 Some surfaces are better at emitting radiation than others.
(a) Describe an experiment to show whether a black surface or a white surface is the better emitter
of radiation. You may draw a diagram.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) To ensure that the conclusion reached in the experiment in (a) is correct, several details of
the experiment must be identical when testing the two different surfaces.
State two quantities in the experiment that you described that must be identical during the
test.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
12
18 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She continues heating once the wax
has melted and stops heating when the wax is boiling.
Describe the molecular structure of the wax in terms of the arrangement, separation and motion
of its molecules when it is a solid and when it is a gas.
solid wax ..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
wax as a gas ............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 6]
19 A quantity of gas is trapped by a piston in a cylinder with thin metal walls. The piston is free to move
without friction within the cylinder.
The diagram shows the cylinder and piston.
gas
cylinder
piston
The cylinder is placed inside a freezer.
When the temperature reaches −18 °C, the pressure of the gas in the cylinder is still equal to that
of the atmosphere.
Explain, in terms of the particles of the gas, how the pressure remains equal to its original value.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
13
20 Which statement about infra-red waves is correct?
Infra-red waves in the electromagnetic spectrum
A can be seen by the human eye.
B cannot travel through a vacuum.
C have the same speed as radio waves when in a vacuum.
D travel as longitudinal waves.
[1]
[Total: 1]
21 The chart in the diagram shows the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Two of the regions are not labelled.
visible radio
........................ X-rays ....................... infrared microwaves
light waves
(a) Complete the labelling in the diagram. [2]
(b) Compare the speed of radio waves and visible light. Complete the sentence.
In a vacuum, radio waves travel ................................................................ visible light. [1]
[Total: 3]
22 The different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have different uses.
State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is used for the remote control for a television.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
14
23 The diagram shows a ray of red light striking one side of a glass prism.
air air
red light
glass
(a) On the diagram, draw a line to indicate the path of the red light travelling through the glass
prism and emerging into the air. [2]
(b) Explain why the red light follows the path you have drawn in (a).
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
24 The different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have different uses.
State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is used for the signal for satellite television
broadcasting.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
15
25 A student investigates wave properties. He uses waves on the surface of a tank of water to show
the properties.
The waves move from deep water to shallow water. The diagram shows the wavefronts.
wavefronts
deep shallow
water water
When the wave passes from deep water to shallow water, two of its properties change.
Describe how one of these properties changes.
property ....................................................................................................................................
change in property ................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
26 Waves on the surface of water are transverse waves.
Describe the vibration of particles in a transverse wave.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
16
27 The red light produced by a laser is monochromatic.
The red light from the laser hits the curved surface of a semicircular transparent plastic block at
point P and passes into the plastic.
The red light travels through the plastic and hits the straight edge of the block at its midpoint M.
The diagram shows that some of the light is reflected and that some light travels in the air along
the straight edge of the plastic block.
laser
reflected light
P
red light
plastic block
37°
8
The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 10 m / s.
At M, the angle between the red light in the plastic and the normal is 37°.
Calculate the speed of the red light in the plastic.
speed = .................................................... [4]
[Total: 4]
17
28 A student incorrectly writes some sentences about electromagnetic waves. His teacher underlines
a mistake in each sentence.
In the table, write a suitable correction for each mistake. The first one has been done for you.
student’s sentences correction
The speed of light is slower than the speed of radio waves in a vacuum. the same as
Ultraviolet rays are used in signals for satellite television and mobile phones.
Radio waves are used to scan patients for broken bones.
[2]
[Total: 2]
29 This question is about the following four types of wave.
infrared microwaves ultrasound radio waves
Answer the question, choosing words from this list.
State two types of wave that can travel through a vacuum.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
18
30 The diagram shows an object OX to the left of a thin converging lens. The principal focus on each
side of the lens is labelled F.
O
F F
(a) Two rays from the top of the object are incident on the lens, as shown in the diagram.
On the diagram, continue the paths of these two rays to show the position of the image of OX
formed by the lens. [2]
(b) Draw the image of OX formed by the lens. [1]
[Total: 3]
19
31 The diagram is a full-size ray diagram showing the formation of an image by a thin glass lens.
(full size)
Circle three items in the list which describe the nature of the image formed.
enlarged same size diminished inverted
upright real virtual
[3]
[Total: 3]
20
32 The diagram shows a plan view of a room. There is a plane mirror on one wall and a picture across
the whole of wall AB.
plane mirror
A
X
B
(plan view)
A person is standing at point X and is looking at the mirror. The person cannot see all of the picture
on wall AB reflected in the mirror.
There is a point P on wall AB which is the closest point to A that the person can see reflected in
the mirror.
On the diagram, draw a reflected ray and an incident ray to show the position of the point P. [2]
[Total: 2]
21
33 The diagram shows crests of a plane water wave approaching a barrier with a gap.
crests barrier
direction of travel
of water wave
On the diagram, draw three crests of the water wave to the right of the barrier. [2]
[Total: 2]
