SOLUTIONS NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS
1. Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C6H6) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) if 22g of
benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride.
Ans. Total mass = 22 + 122 = 144 g
22×100
Mass % of benzene = = 15.28%
144
122
Mass % of CCl4 = ×100 = 84.72%
144
2. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in a solution containing 30% by mass in carbon
tetrachloride.
Ans. Mass of benzene = 30 g
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Mass of carbon tetrachloride = 100 – 30 = 70g
Molar mass of benzene (C6H6) = 78 g/mol
Molar mass of carbon tetrachloride = 154 g/mol
w 30
Moles of benzene = = 0.385
LA m 78
w 70
Moles of carbon tetrachloride = = = 0.455
m 154
Total moles = 0.385 + 0.455 = 0.84
moles of benzene 0.385
Mole fraction of benzene = = = 0.458
total moles 0.84
Mole fraction of carbon tetrachloride = 1 – 0.458 = 0.542
3. Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions :
A
(a) 30 g of Co(NO3)2 . 6H2O in 4.3 L of solution,
(b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL.
Ans. (a) Molar mass of Co(NO3)2.6H2O = 291 g/mol
w 30
B
Molarity = = = 0.024 M
m× V(lit) 291× 4.3
(b) M1V1 = M2V2,
M1 = 0.5, V1 = 30 mL, M2 = ?, V2 = 500 mL
0.5 × 30 = M2 × 500
or M2 = 0.03 M
4. Calculate the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) required in making 2.5 kg of 0.25 molal aqueous
solution.
Ans. 0.25 molal aqueous solution means
Moles of urea = 0.25, Mass of water = 1 kg = 1000 g
0.25 mole urea = 0.25 × 60 = 15 gram
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Total mass of solution = 1000 + 15 = 1015g = 1.015 kg
1.015 kg solution contains urea = 15 g
15× 2.5
2.5 kg solution contains urea = = 36.94 gram
1.015
5. Calculate (a) molality, (b) molarity, (c) mole fraction of KI if the density of 20% (mass/mass)
aqueous KI is 1.202 g/mL.
Ans. 20% mass/mass aqueous KI means
Mass of KI = 20 g, Mass of water = 80g,
Mass of solution = 100 g
(a) For molality :
Molar mass of KI = 39 + 127 = 166
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w 20
Molality = = = 1.51 mol kg –1
m× mass of solvent in kg 166×80×10-3
(b) For Molarity :
mass 100
Volume of solution = = = 83.2 ml.
density 1.202
LA
w 20
Molarity = = = 1.45 mol L–1
m× V(lit) 166×83.2×10-3
w 20
(c) Moles of KI = = = 0.12
m 166
w 80
Moles of water = = = 4.44
m 18
Total moles = 0.120 + 4.444 = 4.56
0.12
A
Mole fraction of KI = = 0.0263
4.56
6. H2S, a toxic gas with rotten egg smell, is used for the qualitative analysis. If the solubility of H2S
in water at STP is 0.195 m, calculate Henry's law constant.
Mass of solvent (water) = 1kg = 1000 g.
B
Ans. Solubility = 0.195 mole in one kg of water
Mass of solvent (water) = 1kg = 1000 g
w 1000
Moles of water = = = 55.55
m 18
Total moles = 0.195 + 55.55
0.195
Mole fraction of H2S X H 2S in solution = = 0.0035
0.195 + 55.55
Pressure of H2S at STP = 0.987 bar.
Since partial pressure of the gas is given,
p H2S = KH × X H2S
or 0.987 = KH × 0.0035 or KH = 282 bar
.
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7. Henry's law constant for CO2 in water is 1.67 × 108 Pa at 298 K. Calculate the quantity of CO2 in
500 mL of soda water when packed under 2.5 atmospheric CO2 pressure at 298 K.
Ans. KH = 1.67 × 108 Pa,
PCO2 = 2.5 atm = 2.5 × 101325 Pa
PCO2 = KH × X CO2
or 2.5 × 101325 = 1.67 × 108 × X CO2
or X CO2 = 1.517 × 10–3
n CO2 n CO2 3
X CO2 = = = 1.517×10
n H2 O n CO2 n H2O
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n CO2 is neglected in denominator in comparison to n H2 O .
Water = 500 mL = 500 g,
500
n H2 O 27.78 mol
18
LA
n CO2 3
= 1.517×10
n H2 O
n CO2 3
or = 1.517×10
27.78
or n CO2 = 42.14 × 10–3
Mass of CO2 = moles × molar mass
A
= 42.14 × 10–3 × 44 = 1.854 gram
8. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively at 350 K. Find
out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the
composition of the vapour phase.
B
Ans. PA0 = 450 mm Hg, PB0 = 700 mm Hg, PTotal = 600 mm Hg
Solution contains two liquids,
Applying Raoult's law liquids : Ps = PAo X A + PBo X B
or Ps = PAo X A + PBo (1– X A ) [ XA + XB = 1]
or Ps = PBo + X A (PAo – PBo )
600 = 700 + XA (450 – 700)
100
or XA = = 0.40
250
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XB = 1 – XA = 1 – 0.40 = 0.60
PA = PA0 X A = 450 × 0.40 = 180 mm Hg
PB = PBo X B = 700 ×0.60 = 420 mm Hg
Total vapour pressure = 180 + 420 = 600 mm Hg
PA 180
Mole fraction of A in vapour phase = = = 0.30
Ptotal 600
PB 420
Mole fraction of B in vapour phase = = = 0.70
Ptotal 600
9. Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg. 50 gram of urea (NH2CONH2)
is dissolved in 850 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution and its
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relative lowering.
PAo – PS w × M
Ans. Solution contains non-volatile solid. Our aim is to calculate Ps and =
PS m× W
PAo = 23.8 mm Hg , w = 50 g, W = 850 g, Ps = ?, M = 18 g/mol for H2O, m = 60 g/mol for urea
LA
PAo – PS w × M
=
PS m× W
23.8 – Ps 50×18 3
or = = 0.0176
Ps 60×850 170
or Ps = 23.4 mm Hg
PAo PS 23.8 – 23.387
Again, relative lowering in V.P. = = = 0.017
PS 23.4
A
10. Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63ºC. How much sucrose is to be added to 500 g of
water such that it boils at 100ºC ? Kb = 0.52 K kg/mol.
Ans. Tb = 100 – 99.63 = 0.37 K
w = ?, W = 500 g, M = 342 g/mol for sucrose,
B
Kb = 0.52 K kg/mol
K b × w ×1000
Tb =
M×W
0.52× w ×1000
or 0.37 =
342×500
or w = 121.67 g
11. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, C6H8O6) to be dissolved in 75g acetic acid to
lower its melting point by 1.5ºC. Kf = 3.9 K kg/mol.
K f × w ×1000
Ans. Tf =
M×W
Formula for lowering in freezing point or melting point is same.
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Tf = 1.5 K, w = ?, W = 75g,
M for ascorbic acid = 176 g/mol
3.9× w ×1000
1.5 = w = 5.08 g
176×75
12. Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.0g of
polymer of molar mass 185000 in 450 mL of water at 37ºC.
wRT
Ans. Since mass of solute is given, V =
M
= ?, V = 0.450 litre, w = 1g, M = 185000,
R = 8.314 kPa LK–1 mol–1 8.314 × 103 Pa LK–1 mol–1
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T = 37 + 273 = 310 K
1×8.314×103 ×310
× 0.450 =
185000
or = 30.96 Pa 31 Pa (approximately)
LA
A
B
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