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MACHINING OPERATIONS &MACHINE TOOLS
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Machined parts may be Rotational or Non
Rotational (page 500).
Rotational workpart has a cylindrical or
disk-like shape.
In rotational the cutting tool removes
material from rotating workpart (turning)
Non rotational is called prismatic
The workpart is block like or plate like
The geometry achieved by linear motion
of workpart with either linear or rotating
motion of tool.(milling – shaping – sawing)
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What are the factors that identify the
geometry of each machining operation?
1. Relative motion between the
tool and workpart.
2. Shape of the cutting tool
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Generating shapes in machining 28/02/2022
Taper Contour
Straight
Turning Turning
Turning
Plain
Milling
Profile
Milling
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Form Tools to create shapes in Machining 28/02/2022
Form Turing Drilling Broaching
What are the factors affecting the generated
geometry?
Page: 500 – 501 (1- Relative motion between tool &
workpart, 2- Shape of cutting tool)
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Basic Principles of Turning Operations
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Turning is a machining process in which a
single tool removes material from the
surface of a rotating cylindrical workpiece.
The tool is fed linearly in a direction parallel
to the axis of rotation
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Terminology of Turning Operation
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Cutting Conditions in Turning 28/02/2022
•Material Removal Rate (MRR)= vfd, d=(Do-Df)/2
•Cutting Speed (v)= Π Do N
•Feed Rate (fr) = Nf
•Machining Time (Tm)= L/ fr
Machining operations that are 13
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on a lathe
Facing
It is a turning operation in which the tool
is fed radially into the rotating workpart
on one end to create a flat surface on the
end
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Taper Turning
The tool is fed at an angle, thus creating a
tapered cylinder of conical shape.
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Contour Turning
The tool follows a contour other than
straight, thus creating a contoured form
in the turned part
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Form Turning
The tool has a shape that is imparted to
the work
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Chamfering
The cutting edge of the tool is used to
cut an angle on the corner of the
cylinder, forming a chamfer.
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Cutoff
The tool is fed radially into the rotating
work at some location along its length to
cut off the end of the part.
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Threading
A point tool is fed linearly across the
outside surface of the rotating workpart
parallel to the axis of rotation at a large
effective feed rate, thus creating threads
in the cylinder.
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Principle components of a traditional
lathe
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الجزء العلوي االمامي
الجزء الدوراني
التحكم في السرعة اتجاة التغذية
مكان تثبيت اداة القطع
الجزء العلوي الخلفي
التحكم في التغذية
شريحة لدعم تثبيت االداة
العربة المتحركة
مجري الحركة أو السكة
قضيب مقلوظ
قاعدة االلة
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Methods of holding a work in a lathe
Holding between centers
Chuck
Collets
Face plate
