Spring Boot
An Overview of Key Concepts and Architecture
Introduction
Spring Boot is a Java-based framework built on top of the Spring Framework that simplifies the
development of standalone, production-ready Spring applications with minimal configuration.
Key features: Purpose of Spring Boot
Auto-configuration To eliminate boilerplate configuration.
Starter dependencies To enable developers to get started quickly.
Embedded servers To make Spring development faster, easier,
Production-ready tools and more efficient.
To provide built-in tools for monitoring,
logging, and deployment.
Spring Boot Architecture
Overview
Controller Layer
Accepts HTTP requests
Uses annotations like @RestController, @RequestMapping,
etc.
Delegates business logic to the Service Layer
Service Layer
Contains business logic
Called by Controllers
Interacts with the Repository Layer
Repository Layer
Responsible for data access and CRUD operations
Interfaces like JpaRepository, CrudRepository
Works with databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
Database Layer
The actual data source
Accessed through the Repository using
JPA/Hibernate
Spring Initilizer
Spring Initializr is a web-based project generator provided by Spring that helps you
quickly create and configure a new Spring Boot project with your desired dependencies,
settings, and structure — without writing boilerplate setup code.
Spring MVC Architecture
Spring MVC follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern to
separate the application into three interconnected components:
Model: Represents the data and business logic. Managed by the Service and Repository layers.
View: The UI representation (e.g., HTML, Thymeleaf, JSP).
Controller: Handles incoming requests, processes them, and returns responses.
Dependency Injection (DI) & Inversion of Control (IoC)
What is IoC (Inversion of Control)? What is Dependency Injection (DI)?
IoC is a design principle where DI is a design pattern that allows a class to receive its
the control of object creation dependencies from an external source (Spring) rather
than creating them itself.
and lifecycle is delegated to the
This makes the code more modular, testable, and
Spring container instead of maintainable.
being handled manually in the
code. Types of DI in Spring:
Spring manages the object 1. Constructor-based Injection
2.Setter-based Injection
wiring, promoting loose
coupling.
Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming)
What is AOP?
AOP stands for Aspect-Oriented Programming.
It allows separation of cross-cutting concerns (like logging,
security, transactions) from the main business logic.
Helps keep code clean, modular, and DRY (Don’t Repeat
Yourself).
Common Use Cases:
Logging: Track method calls, inputs, outputs.
Security: Check user access before executing
methods.
Transaction Management: Start, commit, or
rollback transactions around method calls.
SpringBoot Annotations
Components
@SpringBootApplication: Main entry point
@RestController: For REST APIs
@RequestMapping: Map HTTP requests
@Autowired: Dependency Injection
@Entity, @Repository, @Service: JPA and service layers
Hibernate
what is Hibernate
Hibernate is an open-source Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework for Java.
It simplifies database interactions by mapping Java classes to database tables,
allowing developers to manipulate data using object-oriented concepts instead of
writing SQL queries directly. Hibernate handles the translation between Java
objects and database records, making it easier to manage database operations such
as create, read, update, and delete (CRUD).
Thank you!
