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Database Languages

Database languages are specialized programming languages used to define and manipulate databases, classified into four types: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. DDL is used for defining database schemas, while DML is used for data retrieval and updates, with high-level and low-level variations. User-friendly interfaces are available for casual users, including menu-based, form-based, and graphical user interfaces.

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4 views2 pages

Database Languages

Database languages are specialized programming languages used to define and manipulate databases, classified into four types: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. DDL is used for defining database schemas, while DML is used for data retrieval and updates, with high-level and low-level variations. User-friendly interfaces are available for casual users, including menu-based, form-based, and graphical user interfaces.

Uploaded by

andersonasher16
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database Languages

Database Language is a particular type of programming language used to define and


manipulate a database. Based on their application, database languages are classified into four
types: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. Database languages are used to perform various critical tasks
that help a database management system function correctly.

Types of Database Languages


The Data Languages are categorized into four different types based upon the various operations
performed by the language. These include:
DDL:
 Data Definition Language (DDL) Used by the DBA and database designers to specify the
conceptual schema of a database.
 In many DBMSs, the DDL is also used to define internal and external schemas (views).
 In some DBMSs, separate storage definition language (SDL) and view definition
language (VDL) are used to define internal and external schemas.
 SDL is typically realized via DBMS commands provided to the DBA and database
designers

DML:

 Used to specify database retrievals and updates DML commands (data sublanguage) can
be embedded in a general-purpose programming language (host language), such as
COBOL, C, C++, or Java.
 A library of functions can also be provided to access the DBMS from a programming language
 Alternatively, stand-alone DML commands can be applied directly (called a query language).

Types of DML
1. High Level or Non-procedural Language:
 For example, the SQL relational language are “set”-oriented and specify what
data to retrieve rather than how to retrieve it.
 Also called declarative languages.

2. Low Level or Procedural Language:

 Typically retrieves individual records or objects from a database and process


separately but must need to embed with programming language.

Whenever DML commands whether high level or low level are embedded in a general purpose
programming language that language is called the host language and the DML is called the data
sub language. On the other hand, a high level DML used in stand alone interactive manner is
called query language.
Casual end users generally use a high-level query languages to specify their requests where as
the programmers use the DML in its embedded form.
For naïve users and parametric users, they are usually user friendly interfaces for interacting with
their databases.

 User Friendly Interfaces Like:


 Menu Based Interfaces
 Form Based Interfaces
 Graphical User Interfaces
 Natural Language Interfaces
 Speech Input And Output
 Interfaces for parametric users
 Interfaces for DBA

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