BANSILAL RAMNATH AGARWAL CHARITABLE TRUST’S
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
PUNE – 411037
Savitribai Phule Pune University
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA SCIENCE
Multi-Disciplinary Minor
Internet of Things
Tutorial – 3
Name Anshul Patidar
Roll no. 16
Class SY Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Division A
Batch 2
PRN 12410529
Study of Arduino.
• List of All versions of Arduino
• Block Diagram of Arduino Uno.
• Description
• Properties/features
1. List of All Versions of Arduino
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on simple hardware and software.
Since its introduction in 2005, many versions of Arduino boards have been developed to suit
different applications, from beginners’ experiments to professional-level projects. Below is a
list of commonly used Arduino versions:
1. Arduino Uno
• Most popular and widely used board.
• Based on ATmega328P microcontroller.
2. Arduino Nano
• Compact and breadboard-friendly version.
• Uses ATmega328P or ATmega168.
3. Arduino Mega 2560
• Larger board with 54 digital I/O pins and 16 analog inputs.
• Based on ATmega2560 microcontroller.
• Used in projects requiring high memory and multiple connections.
4. Arduino Leonardo
• Based on ATmega32u4.
• Can directly emulate a mouse or keyboard when connected to a computer.
5. Arduino Due
• First Arduino board based on a 32-bit ARM core (ATSAM3X8E).
• Much faster compared to Uno or Mega.
6. Arduino Micro
• Very small size.
• Similar to Leonardo but smaller, also uses ATmega32u4.
7. Arduino Pro Mini
• Minimalist version of Arduino for embedding into projects.
• Lower cost, no built-in USB, programming requires an external adapter.
8. Arduino Zero
• Based on Atmel SAMD21 (32-bit ARM Cortex-M0+ core).
• Higher processing power and modern applications.
9. Arduino Yun
• Combines Arduino with Linux-based Wi-Fi system.
• Used in IoT and network-based projects.
10. Arduino LilyPad
• Specially designed for wearables and e-textiles.
• Can be sewn into clothes with conductive thread.
11. Arduino MKR Series (e.g., MKR1000, MKR WiFi 1010, MKR GSM 1400)
• Small and powerful boards.
• Targeted for IoT projects with built-in communication modules like Wi-Fi,
GSM, LoRa, etc.
12. Arduino Industrial & IoT Boards
• Arduino Portenta H7
• Arduino Nano 33 IoT
• Arduino Nano BLE Sense
• Designed for AI, machine learning, and high-performance applications.
2. Block Diagram of Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is the most widely used board in the Arduino family. Its block diagram is as
follows (explained in words since I can’t draw here, but I’ll describe each block clearly so
you can sketch it in your notebook):
Main Blocks in Arduino Uno
1. Microcontroller (ATmega328P) – The heart of the board that executes the program.
2. Power Supply Section – Provides regulated 5V and 3.3V outputs to power the board
and external devices.
3. USB Interface (ATmega16U2 chip) – Converts USB signals to serial communication
for programming and communication with the computer.
4. Oscillator (Crystal Clock) – Provides the necessary clock signal for the
microcontroller.
5. Reset Circuit – Allows the user to reset the program manually.
6. Digital Input/Output Pins (14 pins) – Used to connect LEDs, switches, motors,
sensors, etc.
7. Analog Input Pins (6 pins) – Used to connect sensors that give analog signals
(temperature sensor, potentiometer, etc.).
8. PWM Pins (6 out of 14 digital pins) – Used for motor control, dimming LEDs, etc.
9. ICSP Header – Used for in-circuit programming of the microcontroller.
10. Power Jack – External power supply input (7V–12V).
11. USB Port – For programming and power supply.
3. Description of Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller development board based on the ATmega328P chip. It
is the most commonly used Arduino board and is ideal for beginners because of its simple
design, low cost, and strong community support.
• It comes with 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a
power jack, and a reset button.
• The board can be powered either through a USB cable or by using an external
adapter/battery.
• The microcontroller is pre-programmed with a bootloader, which means you can
upload programs directly using a USB cable without requiring extra hardware
programmers.
• Arduino Uno uses a 16 MHz ceramic resonator for timing.
• It has a flash memory of 32 KB (for storing programs), SRAM of 2 KB, and
EEPROM of 1 KB (for storing permanent data).
The board is highly versatile and is widely used in projects like robotics, home automation,
sensor systems, and educational experiments.
4. Properties / Features of Arduino Uno
Some of the key properties and features of Arduino Uno are:
1. Microcontroller: ATmega328P
2. Operating Voltage: 5V
3. Input Voltage (recommended): 7V to 12V
4. Digital I/O Pins: 14 (out of which 6 can provide PWM output)
5. Analog Input Pins: 6
6. Flash Memory: 32 KB (0.5 KB used by bootloader)
7. SRAM: 2 KB
8. EEPROM: 1 KB
9. Clock Speed: 16 MHz
10. USB Connection: For power supply and programming
11. Reset Button: For restarting the program
12. Communication: Supports Serial, I²C, and SPI communication
13. Programming Environment: Can be programmed using the Arduino IDE (open-source
and free).
14. Power Supply Options: Can be powered via USB cable, DC adapter, or battery.
15. Ease of Use: Simple plug-and-play nature, large community support, and plenty of
tutorials available.
Conclusion
The Arduino family consists of many boards like Uno, Nano, Mega, Leonardo, Due, and
advanced IoT versions such as MKR series and Portenta. Among these, the Arduino Uno is
the most popular and widely used board for learning and practical applications. Its block
diagram shows the microcontroller at the core, connected with input/output pins, power
supply, communication modules, and USB interface.
The board is lightweight, affordable, and comes with powerful features like 14 digital pins, 6
analog inputs, 32 KB flash memory, and 16 MHz clock speed. Because of its simplicity and
versatility, Arduino Uno has become the standard choice for hobbyists, students, and
professionals working in electronics and embedded systems.
