Four-year Undergraduate Programme

Subject: Botany
Semester: First
Course Name: Plant and Microbial Diversity
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 100-199, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Origin of life: Theories of the Origin of Life,

Unit 1 3 4
Concept of Kingdoms, and Tree of Life

Bacteria and Viruses: Bacteria: General features,

cell structure, reproduction, conjugation,
transformation, and transduction; introduction to
Archaebacteria
Unit 2 8 10
Viruses: General features, replication, reproduction
(Lytic and Lysogenic life cycles), RNA virus
(TMV), DNA virus (Cauliflower Mosaic Virus).

Algae: General features, cell structure, range of

Unit 3 thallus structure, reproduction, and classification; a 6 10
brief account on Nostoc, Oedogonium, and Chara

Fungi & Lichens: General features, distribution of

fungi and its current status in the living world,
reproduction, and classification (Anisworth, 1973);
Unit 4 7 12
a brief account of Mucor, Ascobolus, and Agaricus;
a brief account on lichens: structure, types, and
economic importance

Bryophytes and Pteridophytes: Bryophytes:

General features, adaptation to land habits,
classification, and evolutionary trends; a brief
account on Marchantia and Polytrichum
Unit 5 10 12
Pteridophytes: General features, classification,
reproduction, evolutionary trends (stellar
evolution), and affinities; a brief account on
Lycopodium, Selaginella, and Pteris

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms: Gymnosperms:

General features, classification, reproduction,
Unit 6 11 12
evolutionary trends, and affinities; a brief account
on Cycas, and Gnetum

1
 Angiosperms: General features, Concept of an
artificial, natural, and phylogenetic system of
classification. Floral parts and inflorescence; Brief
accounts on Lamiaceae and Orchidaceae

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Study of structure of TMV and Bacteriophage (electron

micrographs/models).

2. Study of morphology of Nostoc, Oedogonium, Chara

(Temporary preparation of slides).

3. Study of Mucor, Ascobolus, Agaricus (Temporary

preparation of slides)

4. Study of vegetative and reproductive parts of

Marchantia and Polytrichum(preparation of slides).
30 40
5. Study of Lycopodium/ Selaginella (morphology,
strobilus, and spores), Adiantum/ Pteris (morphology).

6. Study of Cycas/ Pinus and Gnetum (morphology, leaf/

needle, megasporophyll and microsporophyll)

7. Study of leaf venations in dicots and monocots (at least

two specimens each)

8. Study of different types of inflorescences and fruits.

Reading list:

1. Bhatnagar SP, Moitra A (1996) Gymnosperms. New Delhi, Delhi: New Age
International (P) Ltd Publishers.
2. Campbell NA, Reece JB (2008) Biology, 8th edition, Pearson Benjamin Cummings,
San Francisco.
3. Evert RF, Eichhorn SE (2012) Raven Biology of Plants, 8th edition, New York, NY:
W.H. Freeman and Company.
4. Ingrouille M, Eddie B (2006) Plants: Evolution and Diversity. Cambridge University
Press.
5. Kumar HD (1999) Introductory Phycology, 2nd edition. Delhi, Delhi: Affiliated East-
West. Press Pvt. Ltd.
6. Parihar NS (1991) An Introduction to Embryophyta. Vol. II. Pteridophytes. Prayagraj:
U.P.: Central Book Depot.
7. Pelczar MJ (2001) Microbiology, 5th edition. New Delhi, Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill
Co.
8. Puri P (1985) Bryophytes. New Delhi, Delhi, Atma Ram and Sons.
9. Sethi IK, Walia SK (2018) Text book of Fungi and Their Allies. 2nd Edition, Med tech
Publishers, Delhi.
10. Singh G (2019) Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. 4th edition. CRC Press,
Taylor and Francis Group.

2
 11. Singh V, Pandey PC, Jain DK (2001) A Text Book of Botany. Meerut, UP: Rastogi
and Co.
12. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, Case CL (2007) Microbiology. San Francisco, U.S.A: Pearson
Benjamin Cummings.
13. Vashishta PC, Sinha AK, Kumar A (2010) Pteridophyta. New Delhi, Delhi: S. Chand
& Co Ltd.
14. Webster J, Weber R (2007) Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge, Cambridge University
Press.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This paper will explain the origin of life, the diversity of Bacteria, Viruses, Algae, Fungi &
Lichen, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms on the planet, and how
they may be related to each other. The emphasis will also be on the hands-on approach and
laboratory techniques for identification of the plant and microbial groups using various
morphological features.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will have:

1. Knowledge with the concept of different kingdoms and the theories behind how life
began.
2. Basic understanding of the characteristics, distribution, classification, reproduction,
and current status of various microbial and plant communities.
3. Good understanding of virus, algae, fungus, bryophyte, and pteridophyte cell
structures, dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous leaf venation patterns, and
inflorescence and fruit features.
4. Knowledge to identify various groups of organisms in the laboratory through
morphological analysis.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

3
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Second
Course Name: Cell Biology and Biomolecules
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 100-199, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Introduction to cell: Cell as a unit of structure and

function; Characteristics of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells; Origin of eukaryotic cell
Unit 1 8 12
(Endosymbiotic theory); Cytoskeleton, Cell
division: Phases of eukaryotic cell cycle, mitosis
and meiosis; Regulation of cell cycle.

Cell wall and plasma membrane: Chemistry,

structure and function of Plant cell wall. Overview
Unit 2 of membrane function; fluid mosaic model; 6 12
Chemical composition of membranes; Membrane
transport – Passive, active and facilitated transport.

Cell organelles: Nucleus: Structure-nuclear

envelope, Organization of chromatin, Nucleolus,
Unit 3 Ribosome, Chloroplast, Mitochondria, 9 8
Peroxisomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
Apparatus, and Lysosomes.

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Carbohydrates:

Nomenclature and classification. Lipids: Definition
Unit 4 and major classes of storage and structural lipids; 9 8
Structure, properties and functions of Essential fatty
acids.

Aminoacids and Proteins: Structure and

classification of amino acids; Levels of protein
Unit 5 structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, and 8 10
quarternary); Protein denaturation and biological
roles of proteins.

Nucleic acids: Structure of nitrogenous bases;

Unit 6 Structure and function of nucleotides; Types of 5 10
nucleic acids; Structure of A, B, Z types of DNA;

4
 Types of RNA.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, reducing sugars,

non-reducing sugars, lipids and proteins.

2. Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal

peel mount of Onion/ Rhoeo/ Crinum.

3. Demonstration of the phenomenon of protoplasmic

streaming in Hydrilla and Vallisnarialeaf.
30 40
4. Counting the cells per unit volume with the help of
haemocytometer. (Yeast/ pollen grains).

5. Cytochemical staining of: DNA- Feulgen and cell wall

in the epidermal peel of onion using Periodic Schiff’s
(PAS) staining technique.

6. Study different stages of mitosis and meiosis.

Reading list:

1. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and
Company.
2. Campbell MK (2012) Biochemistry, 7th Edition. Published by Cengage Learning
3. Campbell PN, Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th Edition, Published by
Churchill Livingstone.
4. Cooper GM, Hausman RE (2009) The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM
Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
5. Hardin J, Becker G, Skliensmith LJ (2012) Becker’s World of the Cell, Pearson
EducationInc. U.S.A. 8th Edition.
6. Karp G (2010) Cell Biology, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 6th Edition.
7. Nelson DL, Cox MM (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition, W.H.
Freeman and Company.
8. Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd
Edition, W.H. Freeman.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This paper will explain biomolecules, the basic building blocks of living organisms, with a
focus on their structural organization, molecule properties, biological roles, and functions.
The emphasis will be on the relationship between the structure and function of various
biomolecules at the chemical level with a biological perspective, as well as a hands-on
approach and laboratory techniques.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will be:

5
 1. Able to obtain knowledge of structure, classification, and physicochemical properties
of biomolecules and enzymes.
2. Detailed knowledge of the structure, properties, and functions of a cell and its
components.
3. Acquainted with practical knowledge of properties of cell and cell membranes, DNA
staining techniques, and microscopy of the plant cell.
4. Able to identify various biomolecules in the laboratory by qualitative tests of
biomolecules.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

6
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Third
Course Name: Laboratory and Field Techniques in Plant Science
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 200-299, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Uni No. of
Mark
t Unit content classe
s
no. s

Laboratorysafetyandgoodpractices: General laboratory safety: dos

and don’ts, lab safety measures, code of conduct in laboratory, safe
handling of chemicals, glass apparatus, instruments, electrical
Uni
appliances; First aid practices (acid spills, burns and other injuries), 8 8
t1
safety symbols, classes/ grades of chemicals,
Laboratorywastemanagement: radioactive,
hazardouschemicalsandbiologicalwastes.

Handling and maintenanceofinstruments:

Weighingbalance,pipettesandmicropipettes,magnetic
Uni stirrer,autoclave,laminarairflow,pH and conductivity
8 12
t2 meter(calibrationanduse),Incubator (static and shaker),Luxmeter,
hemocytometer, micrometer, spectrophotometer, Agarose gel
electrophoresis unit, SDS PAGEunit,centrifuge,distillationunit.

Measurementsandcalculations: Units of measurements, conversion

Uni from one unit to another,
4 8
t3 Weighing,calculations:scientificnotations,powers,logarithmandfractions
; measurement of volumes ofliquids.

Solutions and Buffers: Preparation of solutions: stock solution,

Uni standard solution. Types of solutions: Normal, Molar, Molal,
6 8
t4 Percentage, ppm, ppb. Dilution and dilution factors, Acids, Bases,
adjustment of pH, Buffers - phosphate, Tris- HCl and Citratebuffer.

Microscopy and Culture Techniques: Microscopes: working

principles and types (Light and Electron microscopes),
sampleandslidepreparation: fixation, staining, mounting,
Uni preservation(for light and electron microscopy).
8 12
t5
Basicculturemedia(NA, NB, P D A , MS), selective and differential
media, Culturetechniques:plating(streak,spread&pour),serial
dilution.

7
 Biostatistics, computingand field skills: Datatypes-
primaryandsecondary,methodsofdatacollection,sample and
samplingmethods-
meritsanddemerits;technicalandbiologicalreplicates; Tabulation and
Uni presentation of data, Descriptive statistics - Mean,Median,Mode,
Variance,StandardDeviation,Standarderror,CoefficientofVariation, 11 12
t6
MS-Word,PowerPoint,Excel, concept on biologicaldatabases.

Collection, Identification, Preparation and Preservation of

Herbarium andMuseum specimens.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Preparation of solutions- molar, molal, normal, percentage, stock

solution and dilution

2. Measurement of pH of solutions using pH meter/ pH strip and

preparation of buffers (Phosphate /citrate buffer)

3. Working with instruments - Centrifuge, autoclave, laminar air flow,

hot air oven, incubator, light microscope,
spectrophotometer/colorimeter,

4. Slide preparation and staining of plant materials.

5. Determination of cell/spore size using micrometer. 30 40

6. Preparation of PDA/NA medium for growth and maintenance of

fungal/bacterial cultures.

7. Calculation of mean, mode, median, standard deviation using data

set.

8. Drawing of tables, graphs and to carry out statistical calculation

using MicrosoftExcel.

9. Preparation of herbarium specimen: Collection, processing,

mounting, and labelling of plant specimen.

Reading list:
1. Bisen PS (2014) Laboratory Protocols in Applied Life Sciences, 1st Edition. CRC
Press.
2. Danniel WW (1987) Biostatistics. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons.
3. Evert RF, Eichhorn SE, Perry JB (2012) Laboratory Topics in Botany. W.H. Freeman
and Company.
4. Jones AM, Reed R, Weyers J (2016) Practical Skills in Biology, 6th Edition, Pearson
5. Mann SP (2016) Introductory Statistics, 9th edition. Hoboken NJ, John Wiley and
Sons Inc.
6. Mesh MS, Kebede-Westhead E (2012) Essential Laboratory Skills for Biosciences.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
8
 7. Mu P, Plummer DT (2001) Introduction to practical biochemistry. Tata McGraw- Hill
Education.
8. Zar ZH (2010) Biostatistical Analysis, 5th Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
USA.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This paper will provide basic knowledge and understanding of good laboratory practices,
laboratory waste management, understanding hazards and risks to ensure a safe laboratory
environment, measurements, units, and common mathematical calculations, sampling and
data collection, and instrument operation and maintenance.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will be:

1. Able tolearnfundamentalskillsimportantforperforminglaboratoryandfieldexperiments.
2. Able to prepare,analysisofdataandinterpretationofresults.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

9
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fourth
Course Name: Mycology and Phytopathology
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 200-299, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Introduction to Fungi: General characteristics of

fungi; hyphal forms; Cell and Cell wall
composition; Nutrition; Origin of fungi;
Classification of Fungi (Alexopoulos, 1962 &
Unit 1 10 10
Ainsworth, 1973); General characteristics of
Myxomycota and Eumycota; Symbiotic fungi
(Lichen & Mycorrhiza): Structural organization and
types.

Lower Fungi: Mastigomycotina&Zygomycotina:

Characteristic features; Reproduction;
Unit 2 6 8
Heterothallism; Life cycle with reference to
Synchytrium, Phytophthora and Mucor

Higher fungi: Ascomycotina&Basidiomycotina:

Characteristic features; Reproduction; Different
Unit 3 6 12
fruiting bodies; Life cycle with reference to
Aspergillus, Peziza, Puccinia and Agaricus

Fungi Imperfecti: Deuteromycotina: General

characteristics; Thallus organization; Reproduction;
Unit 4 5 8
Heterokaryosis & Parasexuality; Classification with
special reference to Alternaria and Colletotrichum

Phytopathology: Concept of plant disease;

Symptoms of plant diseases; Etiology and disease
cycle; Host-pathogens interaction; Control of plant
diseases and quarantine; Bacterial diseases - Citrus
Unit 5 10 12
canker and angular leaf spot of cotton. Viral
diseases - Tobacco Mosaic viruses, vein clearing.
Fungal diseases - Early blight of potato, Black stem
rust of wheat, White rust of crucifers

Unit 6 Applied Mycology: Role of fungi in 8 10

biotechnology; food industry (Flavour & texture,
10
 Fermentation, Organic acids & Enzymes);
Pharmaceutical (Secondary metabolites);
Agriculture (Biofertilizers & Biological control);
Mushroom cultivation; Medical mycology.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of

Mastigomycotina (Phytophthora) and Zygomycotina
(Mucor/Rhizopus) by temporary mounts and through
permanent slides.

2. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of

Ascomycotina (Aspergillus and Penicillium/Peziza) and
Basidiomyctina (Agaricus and Puccinia) by temporary
mounts and through permanent slides.

3. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of

Deuteromycotina (Alternaria and Colletotrichum/
30 40
Fusarium) by temporary mounts and through permanent
slides; Study of thallus and reproductive structures of
lichen and mycorrhiza through permanent slides/
photographs.

4. Study of symptoms of locally available plant diseases

caused by fungi, bacteria, and virus by preparation of
disease album and bottle specimens.

5. Applied mycology: Photographs/report onfungi used in

medicine, fungi used as biological control agents, fungi
used in industry, fungi causing human infections

Reading list:

1. Agrios GN (1997) Plant Pathology, 4thedition, Academic Press, U.K.

2. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M (1996) Introductory Mycology, John Wiley
& Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition.
3. GanguleeHC, KarAK. College Botany, Vol. II., New Central Book Agency, Kolkata.
4. Hait G (2022) A Textbook of Plant Pathology: Principles and Diseases. Global Net
Publication, India.
5. HaitG, BhattacharyaK, GhoshAK (2011) Text Book of Botany, Vol. I & II., New
Central Book Agency, Kolkata.
6. MitraJN, MitraD, ChowdhuryS. Studies in Botany. Vol. I., Moulik Library, Kolkata.
7. Pandey BP (2020) Plant Pathology - Pathogen and plant disease. S. Chand and
Company Limited, New Delhi, India.
8. Sethi IK, Walia SK (2011) Text book of Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan
Publishers India Ltd.
9. Sharma PD (2011) Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.
10. Webster J, Weber R (2007) Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge. 3rd edition.

Graduate Attributes
11
Course Objective:

This paper will explain the general characteristics and reproductive procedures of fungi from
different groups such as Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina,
and Deuteromycotina. The paper will also focus on the basic idea of host-pathogen
interaction during disease development, along with symptomology and the disease cycle of
common fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. Furthermore, the role of fungi in various
biotechnological aspects, pharmaceutics, and agriculture will be highlighted.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will have:

1. Knowledge on general features of fungi and their classification

2. Knowledge on different classes of fungi, symbiotic fungi, and their characteristics
3. Knowledge on the application of fungi in different fields
4. Knowledge of plant pathogens and some important plant diseases
5. Practical knowledge on different classes of fungi based on their morphological and
reproductive features
6. Practical knowledge on morphology, anatomical features of symbiotic fungi and
locally available important plant pathogens.
7. Understanding biotechnological applications of fungi in industry, agriculture, and
medicine.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

12
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fourth
Course Name: Morphology and Anatomy of Angiosperms
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 200-299, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Introduction to Plant Morphology and

Anatomy: Morphology of inflorescence, stamens
and carpel, fruit; Telome theory, phyllode theory;
Unit 1 6 10
Role of morphology in plant classification. Plant
anatomy: Application in systematics, forensics and
pharmacognosy.

Tissue and Tissue Systems: Classification of

tissues; Simple and complex tissue, Tissue systems,
Pits and plasmodesmata; Wall ingrowths and
Unit 2 transfer cells, Types of vascular bundles; 7 8
Endodermis, exodermis and origin of lateral root.
Hydathodes, cavities, lithocysts and laticifers;
Ergastic substances.

Structure and Development of Plant Body:

Internal organization of plant body: Development of
plant body: Polarity, Cytodifferentiation and
Unit 3 organogenesis during embryogenic development. 5 8
Origin and development of leaves; Structure of
dicot and monocot stem, root and leaf; Kranz
anatomy.

Apical meristems: Concept of organization of

shoot apex (Apical cell theory, Histogen theory,
Unit 4 Tunica Corpus theory); Organization of root apex 11 14
(Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Korper-Kappe
theory); Quiescent centre; Root cap.

Vascular Cambium and Wood: Structure,

function and seasonal activity of cambium;
Unit 5 Secondary growth in stem and root. Sapwood and 11 12
heartwood; Ring and diffuse porous wood; Early
and late wood, tyloses; Dendrochronology.
Development and composition of periderm,

13
 rhytidome and lenticels.

Adaptive and Protective Systems: Epidermis,

cuticle, epicuticular waxes, trichomes (uni-and
multicellular, glandular and nonglandular, two
Unit 6 5 8
examples of each), stomata (classification);
Adcrustation and incrustation; Anatomical
adaptations of xerophytes and hydrophytes.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Study of special types of inflorescences – Cyathium,

Hypanthodium, Verticillaster, Hypanthium.

2. Study of special types of fruits- Spurious fruits

(Dillenia); Aggregate fruits (Custard apple, Michelia,
Periwinkles, Polyalthia); Multiple fruits (Pineapple,
Jack fruits).

3. Study of anatomical details through permanent

slides/temporary stain mounts / macerations / museum
specimens with the help of suitable examples.

4. Apical meristem of root, shoot and vascular cambium

(permanent slides/ photographs)
30 40
5. Epidermal system: cell types, stomata types; trichomes:
non-glandular and glandular.

6. Root anatomy: monocot and dicot

7. Stem: monocot, dicot - primary and secondary growth;

periderm; lenticels.

8. Leaf: isobilateral, dorsiventral, C4 leaves (Kranz

anatomy).

9. Adaptive Anatomy: xerophytes, hydrophytes.

10. Secretory tissues: cavities, lithocysts and laticifers.

Reading list:
1. Dickison WC (2000) Integrative Plant Anatomy. Harcourt Academic Press, USA.
2. Evert RF (2006) Esau’s Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant
Body: Their Structure, Function and Development. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
3. Fahn A (1974) Plant Anatomy. Pergmon Press, USA.
4. Mauseth JD (1988). Plant Anatomy. The Benjammin/Cummings Publisher, USA.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:
14
This paper will explain the detailed account on the morphological and anatomical features of
Angiosperms.

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge on morphology of angiosperms and developmental biology of plant body.
2. Knowledge on structural and anatomical organization of tissue system in plants and
their classification.
3. Practical knowledge on inflorescences and fruits of angiosperms.
4. Practical knowledge on anatomical features of plant body parts.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

15
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fourth
Course Name: Microbiology
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 200-299, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Introduction to microbial world: History of

development of Microbiology as a subject, Germ
theory of diseases, Koch postulates, Major groups
Unit 1 of microorganisms, Mode of nutrition and 6 6
metabolic diversity in microbes, Growth and
growth curves, Ecological importance of
microorganisms.

Viruses: Characteristics of viruses, viroids and

prions; Biomolecules and genetic materials of
viruses; Baltimore system of classification;
Unit 2 Morphological structure of TMV and Corona 8 10
viruses; Life cycle and reproduction of
bacteriophage; Replication of viral RNA and DNA;
Viral diseases of common plants and animals

Bacteria: General characteristics of bacteria,

shapes and sizes, ultra-cellular structure, major
groups of bacteria with their general characteristics;
Actinomycetes, Mycoplasma and Rickettsiae;
Unit 3 growth and nutrition, reproduction – binary fission 8 12
and endospore formation, horizontal gene transfer
and genetic recombination in bacteria (conjugation,
transformation and transduction). Examples of
agriculturally and industrially important bacteria.

Environmental Microbiology: Microorganisms in

different habitats: Air, soil and water; Soil
microorganisms and their role in soil health; Role of
Unit 4 microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P 8 8
and S); Microorganisms in extreme environments
(cold desert, hot water spring, marine water,
hydrothermal vent, aquifers)

Unit 5 Pathogenic microorganisms and Host Immunity: 8 12

16
 Bacterial pathogens causing diseases in plants,
animals and humans; fungal pathogens causing
diseases in agriculturally important crops; host-
pathogen interactions; pathogenesis; disease
symptoms; host defence mechanisms; Host
immunity - immune responses against pathogens;
types of immunity; humoral and cell mediated
immunity; hypersensitivity and autoimmunity;
concept of Rh antigens.

Applied Microbiology: Application of

microorganisms in food industries for food
fermentation and SCP production; in agriculture for
biofertilizer, biopesticides, biocompost production;
in pharmaceuticals for insulin and antibiotics
Unit 6 production; in industries for alcohol and organic 7 12
acid productions; citric acid and acetic acid; in
genetic engineering for GMO development and
other research purposes; in space and oil
exploration and in pollution and waste
management.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Slide preparation and Gram staining of bacteria (urd

bacteria, nodule bacteria)

2. Slide preparation and study of Nostoc, Anabaena,

Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium,
Colletotrichum, Cladosporium

3. Pure culture isolation of soil bacteria/fungi through

serial dilution plating and subsequent sub-culturing
methods, population estimation by CFU and
haemocytometer. 30 40

4. Measurement of microbial cells/spores with the help of

micrometers or inbuilt software in microscopic camera.

5. Study on symptoms of plant viral diseases

6. Endospore staining of soil bacteria with malachite green

7. 7. Collection and study of diseases caused by virus,

bacteria and fungi in crop plants

Reading list:
1. Aneja KR, Jain P, Aneza R (2021) A Textbook of Basic and Applied Microbiology.
New Age International Publisher.

17
 2. Aneja KR (2022) Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Tissue Culture and
Microbial Biotechnology. New Age International Publisher
3. Bhattacharya IK, Bhattacharya RN (2017) Fundamentals of Microbiology.
4. Pelczar MJ (2001) Microbiology, 5th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co, New Delhi.
5. Sharma PD (2009) Microbiology. latest edition, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
6. Singh RS (2017) Plant Diseases.
7. Wiley JM, Sherwood LM and Woolverton CJ (2013) Prescott’s Microbiology.
McGraw Hill International.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:
1. To give concise knowledge on basic microbiology
2. To give practical knowledge on handling of microorganisms
3. To inculcate knowledge on usefulness of microorganisms for sustainable development

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge on microbial diversity and distribution in different habitats
2. Knowledge on ecological and economic importance of microorganisms in our day-to-
day life
3. Knowledge on growth, reproduction and life cycles of viruses and microorganisms
4. Knowledge on genetic recombination of bacteria
5. Practical knowledge on microscopy, slide preparation, staining and morphological
study of microorganisms
6. Knowledge on pathogenic microorganisms, host-pathogen interaction, and immunity
7. Practical knowledge on isolation and pure culture of bacteria/fungi from soil samples

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

18
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fourth
Course Name: Plant Resources and Economic Botany
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 200-299, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Origin of Cultivated Plants: Centres of Origin,

their importance with reference to Vavilov’s work.
Introductions, domestication, and loss of crop
Unit 1 genetic diversity; evolution of new crops/varieties, 6 8
importance of germplasm diversity and
conservation. Classification of plant resources on
the basis of their uses.

Food and Food Adjuncts: Cereals and millets:

Rice and wheat (origin, morphology, processing,
post-harvest management & uses); Brief account of
millets and their climatic and nutritional
importance.

Legumes: Origin, morphology, cultivation, uses and

commercial importance of Chick pea, Pigeon pea
and fodder legumes. Importance of legumes to man
Unit 2 12 14
and ecosystem.

Spices: Listing of important spices, their family and

part used. Economic importance with special
reference to Assam. Study of fennel, saffron, clove
and black pepper.

Beverages: Tea, Coffee (morphology, processing,

cultivation, Types & uses).

Plants and Plant Products of Industrial Value:

Oils and Fats: General description, classification,
extraction, their uses and health implications
groundnut, coconut, soybean, and mustard.
Essential Oils: General account, extraction
Unit 3 methods, comparison with fatty oils & their uses. 12 14
Non edible oil yielding trees and importance as
biofuel.

Sugar and starches: Morphology, new varieties and

processing of sugarcane, products and by-products
19
 of sugarcane industry. Potato: morphology,
propagation, post-harvest management, uses of
potato and starches.

Natural Rubber: Para-rubber: tapping, processing

and uses.

Fibres: Classification based on the origin of fibres;

Cotton, Coir and Jute (morphology, extraction and
uses).

Drug-yielding plants: Therapeutic and habit-

forming drugs with special reference to Cinchona,
Unit 4 5 8
Digitalis, Aloe vera and Cannabis; Tobacco
(Morphology, processing, uses and health hazards).

Forest Products: Forest and forest products.

Timber and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP),
Unit 5 5 8
Forest types of Assam and their conservation
strategies; Community forestry.

Ethnobotany Hours:Definition, concept and

Unit 6 scope; relevance of ethnobotany in the present 5 8
context; Traditional knowledge and IPR.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Cereals: Study of useful parts: Rice/Bean (habit sketch,

study of paddy and grain, starch grain, micro-chemical
test).

2. Legumes: Bean, (habit, fruit, seed structure, micro-

chemical tests).

3. Beverages: Tea (plant specimen, tea leaves).

4. Oils and fats: Coconut and Mustard, Groundnut,

30 40
5. Rubber:Specimen, photograph/model of tapping,
samples of rubber products.

6. Test for alkaloids: Neem, Vinca rosea.

7. Fibre-yielding plants: Cotton (specimen, whole mount

of seed to show lint and fuzz; whole mount of fibre and
test for cellulose), Jute (specimen, transverse section of
stem, test for lignin).

Reading list:

20
 1. Chrispeels MJ, Sadava DE (1994) Plants, Genes and Agriculture. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers.
2. Gonsalves J (2010) Economic Botany and Ethnobotany. Mittal Publications, New
Delhi, India.
3. Hill AF (1972) Economic Botany: A Textbook of Useful Plants and Plant Products.
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India.
4. Jain SK, Mudgal V (1999) A Hand Book of Ethnobotany. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
5. Kochhar SL (2012) Economic Botany in Tropics, MacMillan & Co. New Delhi, India.
6. Samba Murty AVSS, Subramanyam NS (1989) A Textbook of Economic Botany.
Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
7. Wickens GE (2001) Economic Botany: Principles & Practices. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, The Netherlands.
8. Wickens GE (2006) Economic Botany Principles and Practices, Springer India, New
Delhi.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This paper will provide an understanding of major introduced plant species, concept of centre
of origin and their importance, domestication of crops and loss of genetic diversity, evolution
of new crops /varieties. This paper will also provide knowledge on germ plasm diversity,
importance of ethnobotany and economic importance of various plants.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will:

1. Know the centre of origin, domestication, and loss of genetic diversity
2. Understand the evolution of new crops /varieties
3. Know about the germplasm diversity
4. Understand the economic values of various plant species.
5. Understand the importance of ethnobotany in the present context.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

21
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fifth
Course Name: Genetics
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Mendelian genetics and its extension: Mendelism:

History; Principles of inheritance; Chromosome
theory of inheritance; Autosomes and sex
chromosomes; Probability and pedigree analysis;
Unit 1 13 14
Incomplete dominance and codominance; Multiple
alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy,
Recessive and Dominant traits, Penetrance and
Expressivity, Numericals; Polygenic inheritance.

Extrachromosomal Inheritance: Chloroplast

mutation: Variegation in Four o’clock plant;
Unit 2 Mitochondrial inheritance in yeast; Maternal 4 6
effects-shell coiling in snail; Infective heredity-
Kappa particles in Paramecium

Linkage, crossing over and chromosome

mapping: Linkage and crossing over-Cytological
basis of crossing over; Recombination frequency,
Unit 3 8 10
two factor and three factor crosses; Interference and
coincidence; Numerical based on gene mapping;
Sex Linkage.

Variation in chromosome number and structure:

Unit 4 Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation, 6 8
Position effect, Euploidy and Aneuploidy.

Fine structure of gene and Gene mutations:

Classical vs molecular concepts of gene; Ciston,
Racon, Muton, rII locus; Types of mutations;
Molecular basis of Mutations; Mutagens – physical
Unit 5 10 12
and chemical (Base analogs, deaminating,
alkylating and intercalating agents); Detection of
mutations: ClB method. Role of Transposons in
mutation. DNA repair mechanisms

22
 Unit 6. Population and Evolutionary Genetics:
Allele frequencies, Genotype frequencies, Hardy-
Unit 6 4 10
Weinberg Law, role of natural selection, mutation,
genetic drift. Genetic variation and Speciation.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Mendel’s laws through seed ratios.

2. Chromosome mapping using point test cross data.
3. Incomplete dominance and gene interaction through
30 40
seed ratios (9:7, 9:6:1, 13:3, 15:1,12:3:1, 9:3:4).
4. Permanent Slides showing Translocation Ring,
Photograph showing Laggards and Inversion Bridge.

Reading list:
1. Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustad DP (2015) Principles of Genetics, John Wiley &
sons, India. 8th edition.
2. Griffiths AJF, Wessler SR, Carroll SB, Doebley J (2010) Introduction to Genetic
Analysis. W. H. Freeman and Co., U.S.A. 10th edition.
3. Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA (2012) Concepts of Genetics. Benjamin
Cummings, U.S.A. 10th edition.
4. Snustad DP, Simmons MJ (2010) Principles of Genetics, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
India. 5thedition.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

To gain knowledgeonclassical and modern concepts of genetics.

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge of Mendelian and non- Mendelian inheritance in organisms.
2. Knowledge of gene and chromosomal mutations
3. Knowledge of basic concepts of population and evolutionary genetics
4. Ability to work out problems related to Mendel’s experiments, Chromosome mapping
and gene interaction

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
23
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]
Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fifth
Course Name: Molecular Biology
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Nucleic acids: Carriers of genetic information:

Historical perspective; DNA as the carrier of
Unit 1 genetic information (Griffith’s, Hershey & Chase, 3 4
Avery, McLeod & McCarty, Fraenkel-Conrat’s
experiment.

The Structures of DNA and RNA / Genetic

Material: DNA Structure: Miescher to Watson and
Crick- historic perspective, DNA structure, Salient
features of double helix, denaturation and
renaturation, cot curves; Organization of DNA-
Unit 2 8 12
Prokaryotes, Viruses, Eukaryotes. Organelle DNA -
mitochondria and chloroplast DNA. The
Nucleosome Chromatin structure- Euchromatin,
Heterochromatin- Constitutive and Facultative
heterochromatin.

The replication of DNA, Central dogma and

genetic code: Chemistry of DNA synthesis
(Kornberg’s discovery); General principles –
bidirectional, semi- conservative and semi
discontinuous replication, RNA priming; Various
models of DNA replication, including rolling circle,
Unit 3 θ (theta) mode of replication, replication of linear 10 12
ds-DNA; Enzymes involved in DNA replication.

Key experiments establishing-The Central Dogma

(Adaptor hypothesis and discovery of mRNA
template), Genetic code (deciphering & salient
features)

Transcription: Transcription in prokaryotes and

eukaryotes. Principles of transcriptional regulation;
Unit 4 Prokaryotes: Regulation of lactose metabolism and 10 12
tryptophan synthesis in E.coli. Eukaryotes:
transcription factors, heat shock proteins, steroids

24
 and peptide hormones; Gene silencing.

Processing and modification of RNA: Split genes-

concept of introns and exons, removal of introns,
spliceosome machinery, splicing pathways, group I
Unit 5 and group II intron splicing, alternative splicing 7 10
eukaryotic mRNA processing (5’ cap, 3’ poly A
tail); Ribozymes; RNA editing and mRNA
transport.

Translation: Ribosome structure and assembly,

mRNA; Charging of tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA
synthetases; Various steps in protein synthesis,
Unit 6 proteins involved in initiation, elongation and 7 10
termination of polypeptides; Fidelity of translation;
Inhibitors of protein synthesis; Post-translational
modifications of proteins.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. DNA isolation from any plant material.

2. DNA estimation by diphenylamine reagent/UV
Spectrophotometry (Demonstration).
3. Study of DNA replication mechanisms through
photographs (Rolling circle, Theta replication and semi-
discontinuous replication).
30 40
4. Study of structures of prokaryotic RNA polymerase and
eukaryotic RNA polymerase II through photographs.
5. Study of the following through photographs: Assembly
of Spliceosome machinery; Splicing mechanism in
group I & group II introns; Ribozyme and Alternative
splicing.

Reading list:

1. Griffiths AJF, Wessler SR, Carroll SB, Doebley J (2010) Introduction to Genetic
Analysis. W. H. Freeman and Co., U.S.A. 10th edition.
2. Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA (2009) Concepts of Genetics. Benjamin
Cummings. U.S.A. 9th edition.
3. Russell PJ (2010) iGenetics - A Molecular Approach. Benjamin Cummings, U.S.A.
3rd edition.
4. Snustad DP, Simmons MJ (2010) Principles of Genetics. John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
U.S.A. 5th edition.
5. Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losick R (2007) Molecular
Biology of the Gene, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, CSHL Press, New York, U.S.A.
6th edition.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

25
 To have detailed knowledge of DNA, RNA and central dogma of molecular biology

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge of structure, organization, and replication mechanism of DNA
2. Detailed knowledge of central dogma, mechanism of transcription and processing of
different types of RNA
3. Knowledge of genetic code, molecular mechanisms associated with various steps in
protein synthesis and post translational modifications
4. Ability to isolate genomic DNA from plant samples

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

26
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fifth
Course Name: Plant Ecology, Phytogeography and Climate Change
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Ecology and Ecosystem: Ecology: Basic concepts,

Levels of organization, Inter-relationships between
the living world and the environment. Ecosystem:
Unit 1 8 8
Structure, functions, and types, trophic
organisation, food chains and food webs, ecological
pyramids, homeostasis.

Ecological Factors: Climatic, Edaphic and Biotic

Factors, Factorial interactions, Plant adaptation to
environmental factors (light, temperature, wind, and
Unit 2 8 8
fire); autotrophy, heterotrophy; symbiosis,
commensalism, ammensalism, parasitism,
parasitoidism. Aquatic ecology- concept.

Population ecology: Population characteristics,

Growth curve, Lotka-Volterra model, population
Unit 3 7 12
regulation, r and k-selection. Types of ecological
speciation, Ecological equivalents.

Plant communities: Plant Community: Basic

concept, types, characters (analytical and synthetic),
Unit 4 Dynamics: succession – processes, types, models; 7 12
climax concepts, Habitat and Niche: concept
&types.

Functional Ecology: Principles and models of

energy flow; Production and productivity;
Unit 5 Ecological efficiencies; Ecological energetics; 7 10
Biogeochemical cycles (C, N and P) and water
cycle.

Phytogeography and Climate Change: Principles;

Unit 6 Continental drift; Theory of tolerance; Endemism; 8 10
Brief description of major terrestrial biomes (one
each from tropical, temperate & tundra);
27
 Phytogeographical division of India;Vegetation
types of NE India with special reference to Assam.

Climate change: Basic concepts; global warming,

causes and consequences (Rise in Sea levels,
Glacier melting, Biodiversity Loss), Adaptation,
Mitigation, Global and National Efforts, Concept on
Sustainable Development, Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Determination of minimal quadrat size and number for

the study of herbaceous vegetation in the college
campus by species area curve method (species to be
listed).

2. Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation for

density and abundance in the college campus.

3. Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation in the

college campus for frequency and comparison with
Raunkiaer’s frequency distribution law.

4. Study of instruments used to measure microclimatic

variables: Soil thermometer, maximum and minimum
thermometer, anemometer, psychrometer/hygrometer,
rain gauge and lux meter.

5. Analysis for carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, 30 40

organic matter and base deficiency from two soil
samples by rapid field tests.

6. Determination of dissolved oxygen of water samples

from polluted and unpolluted sources.

a) Study of morphological adaptations of

hydrophytes and xerophytes (four each).

b) Study of biotic interactions of the following:

Stem parasite, Root parasite, Epiphytes,
Predation (Insectivorous plants).

7. Local field visit to nearby areas to familiarise students

with various plant communities.

8. Soil respiration study in two agricultural systems to

determine the CO2 evolution.

Reading list:

28
 1. Ambasht and Ambasht (2002) A text book of Plant Ecology. CBS publisher and
Distributors.
2. Bhattacharya K, Ghosh AK, HaitG (2017) A Text Book of Botany. New Central Book
Agency (P), Kolkata, India.
3. Bowmen WD, Hacker SD, Cain ML (2018) Ecology, Oxford University Press.
4. Deka U, Dutta T (2022) Plant Ecology and Phytogeography. Asian Humanitities
Press, Guwahati, Assam.
5. KapurP, GovilSR (2000, 2007). Experimental Plant Ecology. CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi (India).
6. Kormondy EJ (1996) Concepts of ecology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India. 4th
edition.
7. Misra R (1968, Reprinted in 2019). Ecology Workbook. Scientific Publishers (India),
Jodhpur
8. OdumEP (2005) Fundamentals of ecology. Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 5th edition.
9. Raj M, Deka H (2022) Plant Ecology and Phytogeography. Ashok Book Stall,
Guwahati, Assam.
10. Sharma PD (2010) Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 8th
edition.
11. Smith TM, Smith RL (2015) Elements of ecology. Pearson publishers., London. 9 th
Edition
12. StilingPD (1996) Ecology: theories and applications (Vol. 4). Upper Saddle River:
Prentice Hall.
13. Verma PS, Agarwal VK (2003) Environmental Biology-Principles of Ecology. S
Chand & Company Ltd. Ramnagar, New delhi-110055.
14. Wilkinson DM (2007) Fundamental Processes in Ecology: An Earth Systems
Approach. Oxford University Press. U.S.A.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This course will provide an understanding on ecology and ecosystems, biotic and abiotic
interactions, ecosystem processes, terrestrial and aquatic environment, population and
community interactions, plant distribution and effect of climate change on natural
environment. Emphasis will be given on the hands-on approach, field, and laboratory
techniques.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will:

1. Understand the concept of ecology, ecosystems, and importance of factors.

2. Understand the population, community, biodiversity, and conservation strategies.
3. Understand the concept of phytogeography, endemism, and floristic distributions.
4. Understand the science of climate change and sustainable developmentstrategies
5. Know the adaptation and mitigation against climate change-induced phenomena.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

29
No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

30
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Fifth
Course Name: Plant Systematics
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Significance of Plant systematics: Introduction to

systematics; Plant identification, Classification,
Nomenclature. Evidences from palynology,
cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data.
Unit 1 Functions and importance of Herbarium and 8 8
botanical garden; Important herbaria and botanical
gardens of the world and India; Virtual herbarium;
Categories and taxonomic hierarchy; Concept of
taxa (family, genus, species).

Botanical nomenclature: History, Principles and

Rules (ICN); Ranks and names; Typification,
Unit 2 Author citation, Effective and Valid publication, 5 8
Rejection of names, Principle of priority and its
limitations.

Systems of classification: Major contributions of

Theophrastus, Bauhin, Tournefort, Linnaeus,
Adanson, de Candolle, Bessey, Hutchinson,
Unit 3 Takhtajan and Cronquist; Classification systems of 9 12
Bentham and Hooker, Engler and Prantl, Takhtajan;
Brief account of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
(APG) classification.

Numerical taxonomy and cladistics: OTUs,

characters, character weighting and coding; Cluster
Unit 4 6 8
analysis; Phenograms & Cladograms (definitions
and differences).

Phylogeny of Angiosperms: Terms and concepts

(primitive and advanced, homology and analogy,
Unit 5 parallelism and convergence, monophyly, 6 10
Paraphyly, polyphyly and clades). Origin and
evolution of angiosperms; Co-evolution of
angiosperms and animals; Methods of illustrating

31
 evolutionary relationship (phylogenetic tree,
cladogram).

Angiospermic Families: Detail study of the

following families:
Unit 6 11 14
Magnoliaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae,
Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, Poaceae.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Study of vegetative and floral characters of locally

available angiospermic plants belonging to the
following families (Description, V.S. flower, section of
ovary, floral diagram/s, floral formula/e and systematic
position according to Bentham & Hooker’s system of
classification): Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae,
Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Musaceae, Orchidaceae.
30 40
2. Field visits to familiarise students with vegetation of an
area and identification of plant species / Visit to
Academic or Research Institutions.

3. Mounting of properly dried and pressed specimens of at

least 10 (ten) wild plant species with herbarium labels
(to be submitted with the record book).

Reading list:
1. Jeffrey C (1982) An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
2. Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF (2002) Plant Systematics-A
Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates Inc., U.S.A. 2nd edition.
3. Mitra JN (1988) An Introduction to Systematic Botany and Ecology. The World Press
Private Ltd. Calcutta.
4. Mondal AK (2009) Advanced Plant Taxonomy. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.
5. Naik VN (1984) Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Tata Mc Graw-Hill.
6. Pandey BP (2018) A Textbook of Botany: Angiosperm. S. Chand Publishing, 7361,
Ram Nagar, Qutab Road, New Delhi-110055.
7. Simpson MG (2006) Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press.
8. Singh G (2012) Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice. Oxford & IBH Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi. 3rd edition.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This paper will provide an understanding of knowledge on plant systematics, basic

understanding of plant identification, classification systems and plant nomenclature,
significance of systematics in different fields/branches of botany, phylogenetic and
evolutionary relationships of angiosperms. The paper will also focus on knowledge about
32
herbaria and botanical gardens in India and abroad and their significant role in plant
identification.

Learning outcome:

On successful completion of the course, students will be:

1. Able to obtain knowledge on plant identification and classification systems, plant
nomenclature.
2. Detailed knowledge of the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of
angiosperms.
3. Able to obtain knowledge on various herbaria and botanical gardens in India and
abroad, their role in plant systematics.
4. Acquainted with practical knowledge on vegetative and reproductive structures of
angiosperms.
5. Acquainted students with practical knowledge on vegetation of an area.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

33
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Sixth
Course Name: Reproductive Biology of Angiosperm
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Introduction to reproductive biology of

Angiosperms: History (contributions of G.B.
Unit 1 Amici, W. Hofmeister, E. Strasburger, S.G. 4 4
Nawaschin, P. Maheshwari, B.M. Johri, W.A.
Jensen, J. Heslop-Harrison) and scope.

Reproductive development: Induction of

flowering; flower as a modified determinate shoot.
Unit 2 4 6
Flower development: genetic and molecular
aspects.

Anther and pollen biology: Anther wall: Structure

and functions, microsporogenesis, callose
deposition and its significance. Micro-
gametogenesis; Pollen wall structure, MGU (male
Unit 3 germ unit) structure; Palynology and scope (a brief 10 14
account); NPC system; Pollen wall proteins; Pollen
viability, storage and germination; Abnormal
features: Pseudomonads, polyads, massulae,
pollinia.

Ovule: Structure; Types; Special structures–

endothelium, obturator, aril, caruncle and
hypostase; Female gametophyte- megasporogenesis
Unit 4 (monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic) and 6 10
megagametogenesis (details of Polygonum type);
Organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo
sac.

Pollination and fertilization: Pollination types and

significance; adaptations; structure of stigma and
style; path of pollen tube in pistil; double
Unit 5 fertilization. Basic concept of Self incompatibility 12 12
(interspecific, intraspecific, homomorphic,
heteromorphic, GSI and SSI); Methods to overcome
self- incompatibility: mixed pollination, bud
34
 pollination, stub pollination; Intra-ovarian and in
vitro pollination; Modification of stigma surface,
parasexual hybridization; Cybrids, in vitro
fertilization.

Embryo, Endosperm and Seed: Structure and

types; General pattern of development of dicot and
monocot embryo and endosperm; Suspensor:
structure and functions; Embryo-endosperm
Unit 6 relationship; Nutrition of embryo; Unusual features; 9 14
Embryo development in Paeonia. Seed structure,
importance, and dispersal mechanisms.
Polyembryony and apomixis: Introduction;
Classification; Causes and applications.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Anther: Wall and its ontogeny; Tapetum (amoeboid

and glandular); MMC, spore tetrads, uninucleate, bi-
celled and dehisced anther stages through
slides/micrographs, male germ unit (MGU) through
photographs and schematic representation.

2. Pollen grains: Fresh and acetolyzed showing

ornamentation and aperture, psuedomonads, polyads,
pollinia (slides/photographs, fresh material),
ultrastructure of pollen wall(micrograph); Pollen
viability: Tetrazolium test for germination: Calculation
of percentage germination in different media using
hanging drop method.

3. Ovule: Types-anatropous, orthotropous, amphitropous/

campylotropous, circinotropous, unitegmic, bitegmic;
Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate; Special structures: 30 40
Endothelium, obturator, hypostase, caruncle and aril
(permanent slides/specimens/photographs).

4. Female gametophyte through permanent slides/

photographs: Types, ultrastructure of mature egg
apparatus.

5. Intra-ovarian pollination; Test tube pollination through

photographs.

6. Endosperm: Dissections of developing seeds for

endosperm with free-nuclear haustoria.

7. Embryogenesis: Study of development of dicot embryo

through permanent slides; dissection of developing
seeds for embryos at various developmental stages.

35
Reading list:
1. Bhattacharya M, Bhattacharya. (2012). A Textbook of Palynology: Basic and
Applied. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Guwahati.
2. Bhojwani SS, Bhatnagar SP (2011) The Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikas
Publishing House. Delhi. 5th edition.
3. Johri BM (1984) Embryology of Angiosperms, Springer-Verlag, Netherlands.
4. Raghavan V (2000) Developmental Biology of Flowering plants, Springer,
Netherlands.
5. Shivanna KR (2003) Pollen Biology and Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

This paper will explain the detailed accounts on reproductive and developmental
characteristics of Angiosperm.

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge on detailed morphological andreproductive structures of angiosperm.
2. Knowledge on embryology and embryological abnormalities in angiosperms.
3. Practical knowledge on developmental biology of embryo and endosperms.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

36
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Sixth
Course Name: Plant Physiology
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Plant-water relations: Water Potential and its

components; Water absorption by roots:
aquaporins; Pathway of water movement: symplast,
apoplast, transmembrane pathways; Ascent of sap:
Unit 1 5 8
Mechanisms, cohesion-tension theory, root
pressure, guttation; Transpiration: Factors affecting
transpiration, anti-transpirants, mechanism of
stomatal movement.

Mineral nutrition and nutrient uptake: Criteria

for essentiality of mineral elements, macro and
micronutrients, nutrient solutions for plant growth
experiments, roles of essential elements, mineral
deficiency symptoms, chelating agents, Ion
Unit 2 antagonism and toxicity. Soil as a nutrient reservoir; 10 10
Transport of ions across cell membrane: Passive
and active absorption, electrochemical gradient,
facilitated diffusion, carrier systems, proton ATPase
pump and ion flux, uniport, symport, antiport, co-
transport.

Translocation of organic solutes: Phloem as the

path of organic solute translocation: Experimental
evidences, Mechanisms of solute transport,
Unit 3 4 8
Pressure-Flow Model and Munch’s hypothesis,
Phloem loading and unloading, Source - sink
relationship.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Discovery,

chemical nature (basic structure), bioassay and
physiological roles of Auxins, Gibberellins,
Unit 4 Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene, 10 14
Brassinosteroids and Jasmonic acid; Synthetic
PGRs; Application of PGRs in agriculture and
horticulture.

37
 Physiology of flowering and seed dormancy:
Photoperiodism: SDPs and LDPs, flowering
stimulus, florigen concept; Vernalization;
Photoreceptors: Phytochrome, crytochrome and
phototropin; Discovery, chemical nature,
Unit 5 8 12
mechanism of action, role in photomorphogenesis,
low energy responses (LER) and high irradiance
responses (HIR); Seed dormancy: Significances,
causes of dormancy, mechanisms to break
dormancy.

Plant stress physiology: Abiotic and biotic stress:

Plants’ responses to drought, water logging,
salinity, heavy metals, freezing, heat stress and
pathogen attack. Oxidative stress: Generation of
Unit 6 8 8
reactive oxygen species (ROS); Effect of ROS on
metabolism; ROS detoxification mechanisms in
plants; Stress mitigation strategies (Enzymatic and
non-enzymatic).

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap by

the method of plasmolysis.
2. Determination of water potential of given tissue (e.g.,
potato tuber) by weight method.
3. Study of the effect of sunlight on the rate of
transpiration in excised twig/leaf.
4. Calculation of stomatal index and stomatal frequency
from the two surfaces of leaves of mesophyte/
xerophyte.
5. Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of 30 40
photosynthesis.
6. To study the effect of different concentrations of IAA
on Gram/Pea/Moong root (IAA Bioassay).
7. Determination of seed germination percentage in
different physical conditions (Demonstration)
8. To demonstrate water stress by application of PEG/
water withdrawal in germinating seeds /growing plants
(Demonstration)
9. Fruit ripening/Rooting from cuttings (Demonstration).

Reading list:
1. Bajracharya D (1999) Experiments in Plant Physiology-A Laboratory Manual. Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. Bhatla SC, Lal MA (2018) Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism. Springer
Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

38
 3. Devlin RM (2017) Outline of Plant Physiology. Medtech: Scientific International Pvt.
Ltd.
4. Devlin RM, Witham FH, Blaydes DF (2017) Devlin's Exercises in Plant Physiology.
Medtech: Scientific international Pvt. Ltd.
5. Hopkins WG, Huner A (2008) Introduction to Plant Physiology (4th edition). John
Wiley and Sons. U.S.A.
6. Kochhar SL, Gujral SK (2021) Plant Physiology: Theory and Applications (2nd
edition). Cambridge University Press.
7. Malik CP, Srivastava (2015) Text Book of Plant Physiology. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
8. Salisbury FB, Ross CW (2004) Plant Physiology (4th edition). Cengage Learning
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
9. Taiz L, Zeiger E, MØller IM, Murphy A (2015) Plant Physiology and Development
(6th edition). Sinauer Associates Inc. USA.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

Students will be able to learn the plant and water relation and thus will be able to elucidate
the crucial role of water in diverse physiological functions of plants, by studying this paper.
The paper will also highlight the importance of mineral elements in plant physiology and
various mechanisms applied to uptake mineral elements by plants. It will provide the basic
idea of pathways and mechanisms of translocation of organic solutes synthesised in plant.
Furthermore, this paper will explain the role and mechanisms of action of various plant
growth regulators as well as physiology of flowering and dormancy of seeds. Additionally,
the paper will also focus on the different abiotic and biotic stresses encountered by the plants
in their environment as well as various stress mitigation strategies employed by plants to
overcome the effects of stress.

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge on mechanisms of water, minerals, and nutrient absorption of plants
2. Knowledge on roles of plant hormones and mechanism of flowering in plants
3. Practical knowledge on effects of growth regulators on plant parts
4. Practical knowledge on determination of osmotic and water potential

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

39
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Sixth
Course Name: Plant Metabolism and Biochemistry
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Concepts of metabolism: Introduction, anabolic

and catabolic pathways, regulation of metabolism,
role of regulatory enzymes; classification,
Unit 1 nomenclature, and importance of enzyme; Concept 6 8
of coenzyme, apoenzyme and prosthetic group;
Enzyme inhibition (allosteric, covalent
modulation); Isozymes.

Carbon assimilation: Role of photosynthetic

pigments (chlorophylls and accessory pigments),
antenna molecules and reaction centers,
Unit 2 photochemical reactions, photosynthetic electron 8 12
transport, PSI, PSII, Q-cycle, CO2 reduction: C3,
C4-pathways, Crassulacean acid metabolism;
Photorespiration.

Carbon oxidation and ATP Synthesis: Glycolysis

and its regulation, oxidative decarboxylation of
pyruvate, TCA cycle and regulation, amphibolic
role, anaplerotic reactions, mitochondrial electron
transport, oxidative phosphorylation, cyanide-
Unit 3 resistant respiration, pentose phosphate pathway; 10 12
Factors affecting respiration; ATP synthesis:
substrate level phosphorylation, chemiosmotic
mechanism, ATP synthase, Boyer’s conformational
model, Racker’s experiment,
Jagendorf’sexperiment, role of uncouplers.

Carbohydrate, Lipid and Nitrogen metabolism:

Synthesis and catabolism of sucrose, starch and
cellulose, Synthesis and breakdown of triglycerides,
Unit 4 β-oxidation, glyoxylate cycle, gluconeogenesis and 12 14
its role in mobilisation of lipids during seed
germination, α-oxidation. Nitrogen assimilation:
biological nitrogen fixation (examples of legumes
and non-legumes), biochemistry of nitrogen
40
 fixation, ammonia assimilation and transamination.

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction: Receptor-

ligand interactions, Second messenger concept,
Unit 5 5 8
Calcium-calmodulin, MAP kinase cascade, two-
component system.

Secondary Metabolites: Shikimate Pathway: Role

in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites;
Unit 6 4 6
Biosynthesis and physiological roles of terpenes,
phenols and nitrogenous compounds.

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. Chemical separation of photosynthetic pigments by

solvent method/paper chromatography
2. Estimation of sugar content by DNSA method
3. Determination of titratable acid number (TAN) in plant
materials
4. Quantification of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll
and determination of chlorophyll a/b ratio
5. Estimation of phenol/tannin/flavonoid by colorimetric
30 40
method
6. Estimation of protein in plant sample by Lowry’s
method/Biuret method
7. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
8. Demonstration of Thin layer chromatography
(TLC)/Column chromatography
9. To compare the rate of respiration by Ganong’s
respirometer in different parts of plant (Demonstration)

Reading list:
1. Cox MM, Nelson DL (2017) Principles of Biochemistry (7th Edition). WH Freeman &
Co., Newyork.
2. Goodwin TW, Mercer EI (2005) Introduction to Plant Biochemistry. CBS Publishers
and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Jain J L, Jain S, Jain N (2016) Fundamentals of Biochemistry (7th edition). S Chand
& Co. PVT. Ltd., New Delhi, India;
4. Palmer T, Bonner P (2008) Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical
Chemistry. East West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi;
5. Plummer D (2017) An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry (3rd edition). McGraw
Hill Education, New Delhi, India
6. Sadasivam A, Manickam S (2022) Biochemical Methods (4th edition). New Age
International Pvt. Ltd.
7. Satyanarayana U, Chakrapani U (2021) Biochemistry (6th edition). Elsevier;
8. Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW (2018) Principles of Biochemistry (5th edition). J Wiley
& Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd.

Graduate Attributes

41
Course Objective:

Students will be acquainted with the elaborate concept of plant metabolism and biochemical
pathways, by studying this paper. The paper will highlight the carbon assimilation pathways
as well as carbon oxidation and ATP synthesis mechanisms in plant body. It will provide the
detailed idea of pathways and mechanisms of carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism in
plants. Furthermore, this paper will explain the various aspects and cascades of signal
transduction mechanism. Additionally, the paper will also focus on the biosynthesis and
physiological roles of secondary metabolites in plants.

Learning outcome:

1. Knowledge in basic understanding of plant metabolism and their regulation

2. Knowledge in concepts of carbon assimilation, oxidation, ATP synthesis
3. Knowledge in basic concepts of carbohydrate, Lipid and Nitrogen metabolism
4. Knowledge in basic concepts of signal transduction
5. Practical knowledge in separation of pigments, estimation of sugars, rate of
respiration.
6. Ability to perform experiments on chromatographic techniques, spectrophotometric
analysis.

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

42
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme
Subject: Botany
Semester: Sixth
Course Name: Applied Plant Biology
Existing Base Syllabus: UG CBCS Syllabus
Course Level: 300-399, and subsequent level as per NEP structure

THEORY [Total marks: 60] Credit: 03; Total No. of classes: 45

Unit no. Unit content No. of classes Marks

Plant Tissue Culture: Historical perspective;

Composition of media; Nutrient and hormone
requirements (role of vitamins and hormones);
Unit 1 8 10
Totipotency; Organogenesis; Embryogenesis
(somatic and zygotic); Protoplast isolation, culture
and fusion.

Application of tissue culture: Micropropagation,

androgenesis, virus elimination, secondary
Unit 2 metabolite production, haploids, triploids and 4 6
hybrids; Cryopreservation; Germplasm
conservation.

Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction

Endonucleases (History, Types I-IV, biological role
and application); Restriction Mapping (Linear and
Unit 3 Circular); Cloning Vectors: Prokaryotic (pUC 18 8 10
and pUC19, pBR322, Ti plasmid, BAC); Lambda
phage, M13 phagemid, Cosmid, Shuttle vector;
Eukaryotic Vectors (YAC).

Gene Cloning: Recombinant DNA, Bacterial

Transformation and selection of recombinant
clones, PCR- mediated gene cloning; Gene
Unit 4 Construct; construction of genomic and cDNA 9 12
libraries, screening DNA libraries to obtain gene of
interest by genetic selection; complementation,
colony hybridization; PCR

Methods of gene transfer: Agrobacterium-

mediated, Direct gene transfer by Electroporation,
Unit 5 Microinjection, Microprojectile bombardment; 6 10
Selection of transgenics - selectable marker and
reporter genes (Luciferase, GUS, GFP).

43
 Applications of genetic engineering: Pest resistant
(Bt-cotton); herbicide resistant plants (Round Up
Ready soybean); Transgenic crops with improved
Unit 6 quality traits (FlavrSavr tomato, Golden rice); 10 12
Improved horticultural varieties (Moondust
carnations); Role of transgenics in bioremediation
(Superbug).

PRACTICAL [Credit: 01]

1. (a) Preparation of MS medium.

(b) Demonstration of in vitro sterilization and
inoculation methods using leaf and nodal explants of
any plant species.
2. Study of anther, embryo and endosperm culture,
micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis & artificial
seeds through photographs.
3. Isolation of protoplasts.
4. Construction of restriction map of circular and linear
DNA from the data provided.
30 40
5. Study of methods of gene transfer through photographs:
Agrobacterium-mediated, direct gene transfer by
electroporation, microinjection, microprojectile
bombardment.
6. Study of steps of genetic engineering for production of
Bt cotton, Golden rice, FlavrSavr tomato through
photographs.
7. Isolation of plasmid DNA.
8. Restriction digestion and gel electrophoresis of plasmid
DNA.

Reading list:

1. Bhojwani SS, Bhatnagar SP (2011) The Embryology of Angiosperms. Vikas

Publication House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 5th edition.
2. Bhojwani SS, Razdan MK (1996) Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier
Science Amsterdam. The Netherlands.
3. Ganguli P (2001) Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing the Knowledge Economy.
New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.
4. Glick BR, Pasternak JJ (2003) Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications
of recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington.
5. Kuhse H (2010) Bioethics: An Anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
6. Snustad DP, Simmons MJ (2010) Principles of Genetics. John Wiley and Sons, U.K.
7. Stewart CNJr (2008) Plant Biotechnology & Genetics: Principles, Techniques and
Applications. John Wiley & Sons Inc. U.S.A.

Graduate Attributes

Course Objective:

44
To gain knowledge on plant tissue culture, recombinant DNA technology and applications of
genetic engineering techniques.

Learning outcome:
1. Knowledge of various methods of Plant tissue culture and their application
2. Knowledge of gene cloning, recombinant DNA technology and various methods of
gene transfer in plants
3. Knowledge of the application of genetic engineering techniques for agriculture.
4. Ability to demonstrate tissue culture technique; isolate plasmid DNA and to carry out
DNA manipulation using restriction enzymes

Theory Credit: 03

Practical Credit: 01

No. of Required Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Contact Classes: 75 (Theory: 45; Practical: 30)

No. of Non-Contact Classes: Nil

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

Prof. Bhaben Tanti
Head, Department of Botany,
Gauhati University
Email id: [email protected]

45
Gauhati University

Syllabus for FYUGP

B.Sc. Chemistry