Computer Hardware and Software
Computer Hardware
👉 The physical parts of a computer that you can touch.
Examples: Monitor, keyboard, mouse, CPU, hard drive, printer.
Computer Software
👉 The programs or instructions that tell the computer what to do. You cannot touch software, but you can see it working.
Examples: Microsoft Word, Windows, Chrome, Mobile Apps, Games.
Hardware (Physical) → CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse
Software (Programs) → Windows, MS Office, Games, Apps
Input and Output Devices
[INPUT DEVICES]
⌨️Keyboard
A keyboard is an input device used to type letters, numbers, and commands into a computer. It has keys arranged in a specific layout, including
letters (A–Z), numbers (0–9), function keys (F1–F12), and special keys like Enter, Shift, and Spacebar.
🖱️Mouse
A mouse is a handheld input device that controls the movement of a pointer on the computer screen. It allows users to click, drag, and select
items. Most mice have two buttons and a scroll wheel for easy navigation.
🎙️Microphone
A microphone is a device that captures sound and converts it into digital signals for the computer. It’s used for recording voice, making video
calls, or giving voice commands.
📠 Scanner
A scanner is an input device that copies images or text from paper and converts them into digital format. It’s useful for saving documents,
photos, or drawings onto a computer.
📷 Camera (Webcam)
A camera, often called a webcam when used with computers, is a device that captures video and images. It’s commonly used for video
conferencing, live streaming, or taking photos directly from the computer.
[OUTPUT DEVICES]
🖥️Monitor
- A monitor is an output device that displays visual information from the computer.
- It shows text, images, videos, and user interfaces.
- Modern monitors use LCD or LED technology for sharper and more energy-efficient displays.
Printer
- A printer is an output device that produces a physical copy of digital documents or images.
- It transfers text and graphics from the computer onto paper.
- Common types include inkjet, laser, and dot matrix printers.
🔊 Speakers
- Speakers are output devices that convert digital audio signals into sound.
- They allow users to hear music, system alerts, videos, and other audio content.
- Can be built-in (like in laptops) or external for higher sound quality.
📽️Projector
- A projector is an output device that projects visual content onto a large surface, usually a screen or wall.
- Used for presentations, movies, or classroom instruction.
- It connects to computers or media players and displays images in a larger format.
Computer Storage
Definition:
Storage is the part of the computer that saves data, files, and programs either temporarily or permanently.
Types of Storage:
1.Primary Storage (Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory) → Temporary, fast, erased when power is off.
ROM (Read Only Memory) → Permanent instructions, cannot be erased.
1. Secondary Storage
Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD) → Permanent, stores OS, files, apps.
2. Portable Storage
USB Flash Drive, External Hard Drive, Memory Card
3. Cloud Storage
Google Drive, iCloud, OneDrive
