RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT

SECTION-A
1. Define the term ‘resource’.
2. Differentiate between biotic and abiotic resources with examples.
3. What is meant by the term ‘sustainable development’?
4. Classify resources on the basis of origin with examples.
5. Classify resources on the basis of exhaustibility.
6. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.
7. Distinguish between potential and developed resources.
8. What are stock resources? Give examples.
9. Explain the term ‘reserves’ with examples.
10. “India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.” Justify with examples.
11. Explain any three types of resources on the basis of ownership.
12. What are community-owned resources? Give examples.
13. Differentiate between individual and national resources.
14. What is meant by international resources? Give examples.
15. Why is resource planning essential in India?
16. State three steps involved in resource planning.
17. Explain the relationship between resource planning and sustainable development.
18. Mention the problems created due to indiscriminate utilization of resources.
19. Write a note on the Gandhiji’s view regarding resource conservation.
20. What is meant by land-use pattern?
21. Why is land considered an important natural resource?
22. Distinguish between cultivable waste land and fallow land.
23. What are permanent pastures? Why are they important?
24. What is current fallow land?
25. Differentiate between gross cropped area and net sown area.
26. What is meant by multiple cropping?
27. Mention the physical factors influencing land-use.
28. Mention the human factors influencing land-use.
29. Explain the main reasons for land degradation in India.
30. What is land degradation? State its causes.
31. Suggest measures to control land degradation caused by mining.
32. Suggest measures to check land degradation caused by overgrazing.
33. Suggest measures to reduce land degradation caused by deforestation.
34. Explain the need for land conservation in India.
35. What are the main techniques used for soil conservation?
36. Differentiate between contour ploughing and terrace farming.
37. What is strip cropping? How does it help in soil conservation?
38. What is shelter belt plantation?
39. Define soil.
40. List the main soil types found in India.
41. Mention the features of alluvial soil.
42. Why is alluvial soil agriculturally important?
43. Explain the distribution of alluvial soils in India.
44. What are the characteristics of black soil?
45. Why is black soil suitable for cotton cultivation?
46. Explain the distribution of black soils in India.
47. List the features of red and yellow soil.
48. How is red soil formed?
49. Explain the distribution of red soils in India.
50. Mention two features of laterite soil.
51. In which regions of India is laterite soil found?
52. Why is laterite soil not fertile? How can its fertility be improved?
53. What are arid soils?
54. Explain the distribution of arid soils in India.
55. What are the characteristics of arid soils?
56. Explain the characteristics of forest soils.
57. Name the states where forest soils are found.
58. Why do forest soils vary in structure and texture?
59. What is soil erosion?
60. Differentiate between gully erosion and sheet erosion.
61. What is wind erosion? Explain with examples.
62. Suggest three measures to control soil erosion.
63. Explain the meaning of resource conservation.
64. State the importance of resources in human life.
65. Why is it essential to conserve resources?
66. Explain the interdependence of resources and human activities.
67. What are the consequences of over-utilisation of resources?
68. Explain the concept of resource planning with examples.
69. Write any three objectives of resource planning.
70. Why is there a need for resource planning at the national level?
71. Mention the institutional measures for resource planning in India.
72. How is land use affected by technological development?
73. What are the features of land-use pattern in India?
74. Write a note on land-use pattern in India (2010-11 data).
75. Why has land under forest not increased much since independence?
76. Write two differences between degraded land and wasteland.
77. What do you mean by soil conservation?
78. Mention any three techniques of soil conservation.
79. State the importance of shelter belts in soil conservation.
80. Mention the two major causes of land degradation in Punjab.
81. Explain the causes of land degradation in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
82. Mention the causes of land degradation in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
83. What is contour ploughing? Explain its importance.
84. What is terrace farming? Explain with example.
85. Write the features of alluvial soil found in Assam.
86. Write the features of alluvial soil found in Gujarat.
87. Differentiate between Khadar and Bhangar.
88. Why is Khadar more fertile than Bhangar?
89. What is the importance of humus in soil?
90. What is soil fertility?
91. How do soils support biodiversity?
92. Explain the importance of soil for human life.
93. What is meant by soil profile?
94. State any two factors responsible for soil formation.
95. Explain the process of soil formation.
96. What is resource management?
97. Differentiate between resource planning and resource management.
98. What is the role of government in resource management?
99. Explain any three problems of resource distribution in India.
100. Why is there a regional imbalance in resource distribution?
101. How are resources classified on the basis of ownership? Explain with examples.
102. How are resources classified on the basis of status of development?
103. What are the disadvantages of indiscriminate mining?
104. Explain the impact of deforestation on land and soil.
105. How does over-irrigation lead to land degradation?
106. How does excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides harm the soil?
107. Suggest measures to improve the quality of degraded land.
108. How can afforestation help in controlling soil erosion?
109. What is the importance of rainwater harvesting in soil conservation?
110. Mention the importance of watershed management in soil conservation.
111. State three steps taken by the Government of India for soil conservation.
112. Write a short note on desertification.
113. How does population growth lead to resource depletion?
114. How does urbanisation affect resource availability?
115. Explain the need for equitable distribution of resources.
116. “Resources are a free gift of nature.” Do you agree? Give reasons.
117. How can resources become a curse if not managed properly?
118. “There is a direct relationship between resources and human activities.” Explain.
119. State the main features of national resources.
120. How is resource planning linked to economic development?
121. What are the advantages of renewable resources over non-renewable resources?
122. Why are non-renewable resources considered finite?
123. What are the uses of laterite soil?
124. What steps are taken to improve the fertility of laterite soil?
125. What are the problems of arid soils?
126. How can arid soils be improved?
127. Write two characteristics of forest soils.
128. Differentiate between red and laterite soils.
129. Differentiate between black and alluvial soils.
130. What is the distribution of black soil in Maharashtra?
131. Why does red soil appear red in colour?
132. Why does laterite soil become hard?
133. Name two crops suitable for laterite soil.
134. Name two crops grown in arid soils.
135. Name two crops grown in red soils.
136. Name two crops grown in forest soils.
137. Name two crops grown in black soils.
138. Why are soils important for agriculture?
139. How is land degraded due to industrial effluents?
140. Explain the role of human beings as resource creators.
141. What is the importance of natural resources in economic development?
142. Explain any three reasons for land degradation in Jharkhand.
143. Why is it necessary to check soil erosion?
144. How do soil conservation measures ensure sustainable development?
145. What are the consequences of unscientific mining?
146. How does land-use change affect the environment?
147. Why do resource-rich regions often remain economically backward?
148. What are the main causes of resource depletion?
149. Write a note on shifting cultivation.
150. How does shifting cultivation affect land resources?
151. What do you mean by wasteland?
152. Differentiate between barren land and degraded land.
153. What is soil salinity? How is it harmful?
154. How is soil alkalinity controlled?
155. How does waterlogging degrade soil?
156. Mention three states where over-irrigation has led to land degradation.
157. Write two natural causes of land degradation.
158. What are anthropogenic causes of land degradation?
159. Explain the concept of resource planning with an example.
160. What are the consequences of ignoring resource planning?
161. Write two institutional measures for resource planning in India.
162. How do resources affect political relations between countries?
163. What are the challenges in resource distribution in India?
164. Why is the pressure on land resources increasing in India?
165. What role can students play in resource conservation?
166. What role can local communities play in soil conservation?
167. What role can farmers play in land conservation?
168. How is soil a renewable resource?
169. “Soil is the most important natural resource.” Justify.
170. Mention three characteristics of Khadar soil.
171. Mention three characteristics of Bhangar soil.
172. Why is soil conservation essential for sustainable agriculture?
173. How can land use be made more efficient?
174. What is meant by optimum utilization of resources?
175. Suggest measures to prevent deforestation.
176. How does climate affect soil formation?
177. How do parent rocks influence soil characteristics?
178. How does topography affect soil distribution?
179. What is meant by soil degradation?
180. State three differences between soil erosion and soil degradation.
181. Mention two steps to prevent soil erosion in hilly areas.
182. Mention two steps to prevent soil erosion in deserts.
183. Mention two steps to prevent soil erosion in river valleys.
184. How does afforestation help in soil conservation?
185. Write a short note on shelter belt plantation.
186. What is the importance of contour bunding?
187. How do human activities accelerate soil erosion?
188. Why is laterite soil unsuitable for agriculture?
189. Suggest measures to improve the fertility of arid soil.
190. Suggest measures to improve the fertility of forest soil.
191. Why is alluvial soil considered the most productive soil?
192. Write a note on distribution of soils in India.
193. Explain how resources and development are interlinked.
194. Write a note on watershed management.
195. How does land degradation affect biodiversity?
196. Why is there a need to protect arable land?
197. Why should we practise crop rotation?
198. Explain the role of organic farming in soil conservation.
199. How can traditional practices help in resource conservation?
200. What is the importance of awareness programmes in resource conservation?

SECTION-B
1. Define resources in your own words.
2. How are resources classified on the basis of utility?
3. Explain with examples the difference between actual and potential resources.
4. How are resources classified on the basis of ownership?
5. Give two examples of each: national, individual, community, and international resources.
6. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources with examples.
7. Why are resources unevenly distributed on the earth?
8. Why is resource planning considered the first step towards sustainable development?
9. State any four reasons why resource planning is essential in India.
10. Explain how resources and development are interlinked.
11. Describe the three stages of resource planning in India.
12. What do you mean by sustainable existence?
13. Differentiate between resource conservation and resource planning.
14. What is meant by conservation of resources? Why is it necessary?
15. Discuss Gandhiji’s idea on conservation of resources.
16. How do human beings transform material into resources?
17. Why is human resource considered the ultimate resource?
18. Write short notes on the classification of resources on the basis of status of development.
19. Why are stock resources not fully utilized?
20. Differentiate between stock and reserves with examples.
21. How does economic development depend on natural resources?
22. What are the consequences of indiscriminate utilization of resources?
23. Explain with examples the importance of land resources.
24. Write a note on the relief features of land resources in India.
25. What is meant by land-use pattern?
26. State any five categories of land-use as per land-use data.
27. Discuss the physical factors affecting land use in India.
28. Discuss the human factors affecting land use in India.
29. What percentage of geographical area should be under forest in India? Why?
30. Mention any three reasons why land under permanent pasture is decreasing.
31. What is net sown area? How has it changed in recent decades?
32. What is gross cropped area? How does it differ from net sown area?
33. Why is multiple cropping important for Indian agriculture?
34. Why has land under fallow increased in recent times?
35. Mention two causes for decline in forest cover.
36. Why does India need proper land-use planning?
37. What is meant by land degradation?
38. Mention natural causes of land degradation.
39. Mention human causes of land degradation.
40. Explain land degradation caused by over-irrigation.
41. How does deforestation lead to land degradation?
42. Write a note on land degradation due to industrial waste.
43. Explain how overgrazing affects land quality.
44. State four measures to prevent land degradation.
45. Explain the importance of afforestation in land conservation.
46. How does crop rotation help in soil conservation?
47. What are the methods of soil conservation in arid regions?
48. Differentiate between contour ploughing and strip cropping.
49. What is terracing? How does it help?
50. Why is soil considered the most valuable natural resource?
51. Define soil erosion.
52. Differentiate between gully erosion and sheet erosion.
53. What is bad land? Give examples.
54. What is desertification?
55. How does climate affect soil erosion?
56. What steps has the Government of India taken for soil conservation?
57. Why is rainwater harvesting important for soil conservation?
58. How does deforestation increase soil erosion?
59. Explain the role of shelter belts in reducing soil erosion.
60. How does wind erosion affect soil fertility?
61. List the major types of soils in India.
62. Write three characteristics of alluvial soil.
63. Why is alluvial soil suitable for paddy cultivation?
64. Explain the distribution of alluvial soils in India.
65. What are Khadar soils?
66. What are Bhangar soils?
67. Differentiate between Khadar and Bhangar.
68. Why is Khadar more fertile than Bhangar?
69. State two limitations of alluvial soil.
70. Mention crops grown in alluvial soil.
71. What is black soil?
72. State three features of black soil.
73. Why is black soil called regur soil?
74. What are the crops grown in black soil?
75. Explain the distribution of black soil in India.
76. State the characteristics of red soil.
77. Why is red soil less fertile?
78. How is yellow soil formed?
79. What crops grow in red soil?
80. Explain the distribution of red soil in India.
81. Mention characteristics of laterite soil.
82. Why is laterite soil unsuitable for agriculture?
83. How can fertility of laterite soil be improved?
84. What crops are suitable for laterite soil?
85. What are the features of arid soil?
86. Why is arid soil saline in nature?
87. Name two crops grown in arid soils.
88. Explain the distribution of arid soils in India.
89. State the features of forest soils.
90. Why do forest soils vary in colour and texture?
91. Name crops grown in forest soil.
92. What is soil profile?
93. Name the layers of soil profile.
94. What is the role of parent rock in soil formation?
95. Explain how climate influences soil formation.
96. What is humus? Why is it important for soil?
97. State the role of microorganisms in soil fertility.
98. What is the significance of soil conservation in sustainable development?
99. Write a short note on integrated watershed management.
100. Why should we prevent overuse of chemical fertilizers?
101. How is organic farming helpful in soil conservation?
102. What are the advantages of using biofertilizers?
103. What are the disadvantages of shifting cultivation?
104. Why is shifting cultivation considered harmful for land?
105. What are wastelands? Give examples.
106. Mention the steps taken for wasteland reclamation in India.
107. How does urbanization lead to land degradation?
108. How does industrialisation affect soil quality?
109. Explain soil degradation due to mining activities.
110. Why is equitable distribution of resources necessary?
111. How can proper resource planning ensure balanced regional development?
112. Why is population pressure a challenge for resource management?
113. What are the advantages of resource planning?
114. What are the disadvantages of poor resource management?
115. Why is conservation of resources essential for future generations?
116. What is resource crisis? Give examples.
117. Write two examples of conflicts over natural resources.
118. How does overexploitation of groundwater affect agriculture?
119. Suggest three ways to conserve water resources.
120. What are the objectives of resource planning in India?
121. Explain the role of government in resource planning.
122. What are community-based resource conservation methods?
123. How can local communities help in soil conservation?
124. Explain how tribal practices can contribute to resource conservation.
125. What role can students play in conserving resources?
126. How can modern technology improve soil conservation?
127. What is the importance of awareness campaigns in resource conservation?
128. Why is land considered a finite resource?
129. How is resource distribution linked with economic inequality?
130. How are resources mismanaged in India?
131. Why has the net sown area remained constant since 1970s?
132. Why is land-use pattern different in Assam and Rajasthan?
133. What are the consequences of overuse of pesticides?
134. How can crop diversification reduce land degradation?
135. Why should farmers adopt mixed cropping?
136. Why is over-irrigation harmful for soil fertility?
137. How does salinity reduce agricultural productivity?
138. Why is waterlogging dangerous for soil?
139. How does mechanized farming lead to soil degradation?
140. Why is the fertility of alluvial soil high?
141. Write a note on soil found in Northern Plains.
142. Write a note on soil found in Deccan Plateau.
143. Write a note on soil found in Western Rajasthan.
144. Write a note on soil found in Western Ghats.
145. What are the limitations of laterite soil?
146. What are the limitations of black soil?
147. Why is red soil less fertile than alluvial soil?
148. How do forests help in soil conservation?
149. How do wetlands help in resource conservation?
150. Explain the importance of biodiversity in land management.
151. Why are resources important for human survival?
152. How can afforestation increase soil fertility?
153. Why should grazing be controlled to prevent land degradation?
154. What are the features of land use in Punjab?
155. What are the features of land use in Madhya Pradesh?
156. What are the features of land use in West Bengal?
157. How do climatic conditions affect land use?
158. How do socio-economic factors affect land use?
159. How is soil fertility maintained in traditional farming?
160. What are the benefits of crop rotation?
161. How is strip cropping effective against erosion?
162. How do bunds reduce soil erosion?
163. Write a note on the Chipko Movement.
164. Explain the Beej Bachao Andolan.
165. How do environmental movements help conserve resources?
166. Explain the importance of community forests.
167. What is social forestry?
168. What are the advantages of agro-forestry?
169. Write a note on joint forest management.
170. Why is land degradation a global problem?
171. How can desertification be controlled?
172. Why are sand dunes important in deserts?
173. What are shelterbelts? Give examples.
174. How do shelterbelts protect crops?
175. How do rivers contribute to soil formation?
176. Why is soil called a living system?
177. How can soil pH affect crop growth?
178. What is leaching of soil?
179. How does heavy rainfall affect soil fertility?
180. Why is irrigation important in red and laterite soils?
181. What is mulching? How does it conserve soil?
182. How do terrace farms look on mountains?
183. What are the economic losses caused by soil erosion?
184. Why does gully erosion create ravines?
185. Why are ravines unsuitable for cultivation?
186. What is the role of afforestation in watershed development?
187. How does mining reduce land productivity?
188. What is strip mining? How does it affect land?
189. How is open-cast mining harmful for land?
190. Why is afforestation called a long-term measure of soil conservation?
191. What is integrated land-use planning?
192. Why should traditional knowledge be respected in resource management?
193. How does urban waste cause land degradation?
194. Why is overgrazing common in arid regions?
195. How can degraded land be made cultivable again?
196. What are scientific methods of soil fertility improvement?
197. Why is scientific resource management necessary in India?
198. How can sustainable agriculture conserve soil?
199. Write three measures to control waterlogging.
200. Write three measures to control soil salinity.

SECTION-C
1. Define the term “natural resource” with examples.
2. “Resources are a gift of nature but become usable only when humans use technology.” Explain.
3. How are resources different from raw materials?
4. Why are resources considered dynamic in nature?
5. Distinguish between localized and ubiquitous resources.
6. Classify resources on the basis of ownership with suitable Indian examples.
7. Give three examples of community-owned resources in India.
8. Why are international resources important for global trade?
9. Discuss how overutilisation of resources has led to ecological crisis.
10. Explain the role of human beings in converting potential resources into developed resources.
11. “Human beings are both creators and exploiters of resources.” Justify.
12. Why is it important to balance resource exploitation with conservation?
13. Discuss the significance of sustainable development in the present-day world.
14. Why is sustainable development important for future generations?
15. State any three consequences of ignoring sustainable development.
16. What is resource planning? Why is it necessary?
17. “Resource planning is a complex process.” Explain why.
18. Explain the three steps of resource planning with examples from India.
19. Why is resource planning more essential in a country like India?
20. How is resource planning connected with population growth?
21. What do you mean by conservation ethics?
22. Explain Gandhiji’s philosophy on resource use.
23. Why did Gandhiji say, “There is enough for everybody’s need but not for anybody’s greed”?
24. How is greed related to over-exploitation of resources?
25. Discuss the importance of equitable distribution of resources in society.
26. How does overconsumption of resources in developed countries affect poor nations?
27. What are the different patterns of land use in India?
28. How is India’s land use pattern different from that of the USA?
29. Explain how land use reflects socio-economic development.
30. What is the significance of forest land in India’s economy?
31. How has deforestation affected India’s land use pattern?
32. Why is land-use data important for planning?
33. How is land classified on the basis of its utilisation?
34. What are barren lands? Mention their uses.
35. Distinguish between culturable wasteland and fallow land.
36. Why is fallow land increasing in some states of India?
37. What is permanent pasture? Why is it important?
38. How is land use affected by irrigation facilities?
39. Why is net sown area limited in mountainous regions?
40. Why does Rajasthan have low net sown area?
41. Why is Punjab’s net sown area among the highest?
42. Why does hilly terrain have more forest cover?
43. How does technology influence land use?
44. How does culture and tradition affect land use in India?
45. What are the reasons for land degradation in India?
46. Why is land degradation a serious issue for agriculture?
47. How do fertilizers cause land degradation?
48. How does pesticide use harm soil and land quality?
49. How do floods lead to land degradation?
50. How does drought contribute to land degradation?
51. What is soil conservation? Why is it essential?
52. Discuss various techniques of soil conservation in India.
53. How does contour bunding reduce soil erosion?
54. How does terrace farming help in conserving soil?
55. What are the advantages of strip cropping?
56. What are windbreaks and shelterbelts? How do they help?
57. How does mulching help in soil moisture conservation?
58. Why is afforestation the most effective method of soil conservation?
59. How does social forestry contribute to soil conservation?
60. How does crop diversification reduce soil depletion?
61. What is meant by soil erosion?
62. Why is soil erosion a major problem in India?
63. Explain the impact of deforestation on soil erosion.
64. How does overgrazing lead to soil erosion?
65. What are ravines? How are they formed?
66. What are the Chambal ravines? Why are they unsuitable for cultivation?
67. Differentiate between wind erosion and water erosion.
68. How is sheet erosion different from gully erosion?
69. Why is soil erosion called a silent crisis?
70. Suggest three government measures to prevent soil erosion.
71. Why is soil referred to as “a living system”?
72. How does soil support agriculture?
73. How does soil support biodiversity?
74. Discuss the role of soil in water retention.
75. How does soil contribute to carbon cycle?
76. What are the main types of soils in India?
77. Distinguish between old alluvial soil and new alluvial soil.
78. Why is alluvial soil most suitable for agriculture?
79. Mention three crops grown in alluvial soil.
80. Why are the Indo-Gangetic plains agriculturally prosperous?
81. Describe the main features of black soil.
82. Why does black soil crack during summers?
83. Which crops are suitable for black soil?
84. Why is black soil called cotton soil?
85. Why is black soil rich in clay?
86. What are the limitations of black soil?
87. What are the characteristics of red soil?
88. How does iron oxide make red soil red?
89. What crops are grown in red soil?
90. Why does red soil need irrigation?
91. What are the characteristics of laterite soil?
92. Why does laterite soil lose fertility quickly?
93. Mention crops grown in laterite soil.
94. Why is laterite soil widely used for construction?
95. What are the features of arid soil?
96. Why is arid soil saline?
97. Which crops grow in arid soil?
98. How can arid soils be improved?
99. What are the features of forest soils?
100. Why are forest soils rich in organic matter?
101. Where is forest soil found in India?
102. Why do forest soils vary in colour and fertility?
103. What is soil salinity? How is it controlled?
104. What is soil alkalinity?
105. How does waterlogging damage soil?
106. How can saline soils be reclaimed?
107. How does over-irrigation lead to salinity?
108. What is soil fertility? How is it measured?
109. How can soil fertility be improved naturally?
110. Why is humus important in soils?
111. What is the significance of microorganisms in soils?
112. What is leaching of soil?
113. Why is leaching common in laterite soil?
114. How does rainfall affect soil formation?
115. How does parent rock influence soil type?
116. How does topography affect soil formation?
117. How does vegetation affect soil fertility?
118. What is soil profile? Describe its layers.
119. Why is the A-horizon of soil profile most fertile?
120. What is B-horizon? How is it different from A-horizon?
121. What is soil degradation?
122. How does urbanisation degrade soil?
123. How does industrialisation degrade soil?
124. How does mining degrade soil?
125. Why is open-cast mining dangerous for land?
126. What is strip mining? Why is it harmful?
127. How do industrial effluents degrade land?
128. What are the consequences of land degradation?
129. How does land degradation affect water resources?
130. How does land degradation affect biodiversity?
131. How does land degradation affect food security?
132. What measures can be taken to stop desertification?
133. Why is desertification dangerous for India?
134. How does climate change accelerate land degradation?
135. How do sand dunes protect arid land?
136. What is the importance of afforestation in arid regions?
137. Why are shelterbelts important in sandy areas?
138. What is agroforestry? How does it help soil conservation?
139. What is the role of Panchayats in soil conservation?
140. What is community resource management?
141. What are common property resources?
142. Why is wasteland reclamation important in India?
143. What methods are used for wasteland reclamation?
144. Why is reforestation important in wasteland reclamation?
145. How can degraded forests be restored?
146. What is the role of NGOs in resource conservation?
147. What role can schools play in soil conservation?
148. How can farmers contribute to soil fertility management?
149. Why should traditional practices like crop rotation be encouraged?
150. How does organic farming help in resource conservation?
151. How do chemical fertilizers affect soil fertility?
152. Why are biofertilizers environment-friendly?
153. Why is vermicomposting important?
154. How does watershed management conserve resources?
155. Why is rainwater harvesting important for soil and land?
156. Why is multi-purpose river valley project considered a resource management tool?
157. How does groundwater overuse degrade land?
158. Why is equitable use of water resources necessary?
159. How do floods damage land and soils?
160. How do droughts degrade land resources?
161. What are the socio-economic impacts of land degradation?
162. Why are resource conflicts increasing worldwide?
163. Give an example of international resource conflict.
164. How do uneven resource distributions create inequalities?
165. Why is resource management linked to national security?
166. Why is sustainable development a political challenge?
167. How do cultural beliefs affect resource use?
168. How does lifestyle affect resource consumption?
169. Why are developed countries responsible for resource depletion?
170. Why do developing countries face resource scarcity?
171. Why is it said that “resource-rich regions are often conflict-prone”?
172. How is globalisation affecting resource use?
173. Why is overconsumption a threat to sustainability?
174. Why is resource planning linked with economic planning?
175. How does poverty affect resource management?
176. Why are resources called the backbone of economy?
177. Why is land-use planning essential in India?
178. What are the challenges of resource planning in India?
179. Why is overpopulation a burden on resources?
180. How is per capita resource availability calculated?
181. Why is India rich in resources but still poor?
182. Why are Himalayan states rich in water resources?
183. Why does Rajasthan face water scarcity?
184. Why does Punjab face land degradation?
185. Why does Jharkhand face resource management challenges?
186. Why is Gujarat prone to overgrazing?
187. Why is Maharashtra facing land degradation due to mining?
188. Why are the Western Ghats rich in biodiversity?
189. Why is the Indo-Gangetic plain agriculturally rich?
190. Why is the Deccan Plateau rich in black soil?
191. Why are coastal plains agriculturally diverse?
192. Why is land degradation more severe in arid regions?
193. Why is afforestation important in hilly areas?
194. How does contour ploughing conserve soil in mountains?
195. Why should farmers avoid excessive irrigation?
196. How can crop rotation maintain soil fertility?
197. Why is integrated farming good for land resources?
198. How does land degradation affect rural economy?
199. How does land degradation affect urban economy?
200. Why is it said that “conservation today is development tomorrow”?

SECTION-D
1. A farmer in Rajasthan faces decreasing soil fertility due to salinity. Suggest three measures he can
adopt to improve soil productivity.
2. In Punjab, over-irrigation has caused waterlogging. Explain how this leads to land degradation and
suggest remedies.
3. A mining company in Jharkhand has degraded agricultural land. As a policy maker, suggest
sustainable mining practices.
4. In Maharashtra, deforestation is leading to soil erosion. Propose conservation techniques suitable for
this region.
5. A village near the Chambal river suffers from gully erosion. Suggest measures to reclaim the land.
6. Farmers in Tamil Nadu grow crops on laterite soils. Suggest how they can improve fertility.
7. In coastal Odisha, farmers use alluvial soils. Recommend two crops they should cultivate for
maximum yield.
8. A community in Gujarat overuses grazing lands. Suggest a management plan to prevent overgrazing.
9. A district in Bihar has both Khadar and Bhangar soils. As an agricultural officer, suggest which soil is
better for wheat cultivation.
10. An NGO is working in Rajasthan to prevent desertification. Suggest five effective measures they can
adopt.
11. Why is resource planning considered essential for equitable development in India?
12. How can resource planning prevent regional imbalance in India?
13. Why is soil called both a renewable and exhaustible resource?
14. Explain how black soil supports cotton cultivation scientifically.
15. Why is laterite soil used for construction despite being infertile?
16. How does rainfall influence the fertility of alluvial soil?
17. Why are Khadar soils more fertile than Bhangar?
18. How does population pressure lead to overexploitation of resources?
19. Why is it said that “resources are a double-edged sword”?
20. How can India ensure food security through soil conservation?
21. If you were a District Collector in Madhya Pradesh facing deforestation, what policies would you
implement?
22. If you were a farmer in Telangana with black soil, which crops would you cultivate and why?
23. If you were a policymaker, how would you balance mining and agriculture in Chhattisgarh?
24. If you were an environmental activist, how would you create awareness on soil conservation in
villages?
25. If you were a student leader, how would you motivate your school to adopt rainwater harvesting?
26. If you were a scientist, how would you classify Indian soils for agricultural planning?
27. If you were an economist, how would you link resource planning with GDP growth?
28. If you were a teacher, how would you explain sustainable development to children?
29. If you were a village head, what measures would you take to protect common resources?
30. If you were an urban planner, how would you minimise land degradation due to industrialisation?
31. Identify two states where black soil is found and suggest suitable crops.
32. Mark the regions of laterite soil on the map and suggest methods to improve fertility there.
33. Identify areas with arid soil in India. How can these soils be improved?
34. Locate areas with alluvial soils and explain why they are agriculturally important.
35. Mark two states where gully erosion is a major issue. Suggest measures to stop it.
36. On a map, locate regions with red soils and suggest crops that can be grown.
37. On a map, mark states affected by mining-related land degradation. Suggest remedies.
38. On a map, locate areas prone to desertification. Suggest ways to prevent it.
39. On a map, mark regions with forest soil. Why is agriculture limited in these areas?
40. Identify areas where Khadar soil is found and explain its advantages.
41. Why is black soil called “regur soil”?
42. Which soil type cracks during summers? Why?
43. Which soil is rich in iron but poor in humus?
44. Which soil is suitable for groundnut cultivation? Why?
45. Which soil becomes hard like a brick in dry season? Why?
46. Why is red soil less fertile than alluvial soil?
47. Which soil supports tea and coffee cultivation? Why?
48. Why is laterite soil rich in iron and aluminium?
49. Which soil needs irrigation for cultivation? Why?
50. Which soil is most widespread in India? Why?
51. Why is resource planning important for India’s future development?
52. How does resource planning help in sustainable development?
53. Explain three steps of resource planning with examples.
54. How can resource planning reduce poverty in India?
55. Why is resource planning necessary in states like Jharkhand and Odisha?
56. How does equitable distribution of resources promote social justice?
57. Why is conservation of resources important for maintaining ecological balance?
58. Suggest three resource conservation measures for farmers.
59. Suggest three resource conservation measures for urban areas.
60. Suggest three resource conservation measures for industries.
61. How does contour ploughing reduce soil erosion?
62. How does strip cropping act as a barrier against soil erosion?
63. Why is terrace farming effective in hilly regions?
64. Why is afforestation an important measure for soil conservation?
65. How does shelter belt plantation help in sandy areas?
66. Why is mulching used in agricultural lands?
67. How does crop rotation improve soil fertility?
68. Why is fallowing considered a soil conservation method?
69. How does intercropping reduce soil depletion?
70. Why is organic manure better than chemical fertilizers for soil health?
71. What are the human activities responsible for land degradation?
72. How does overgrazing lead to desertification?
73. Why is over-irrigation harmful for land?
74. How do mining activities degrade land resources?
75. Why are industrial effluents dangerous for land quality?
76. Suggest measures to control land degradation due to deforestation.
77. Suggest measures to control land degradation due to industrialisation.
78. Suggest measures to control land degradation due to over-irrigation.
79. Suggest measures to control land degradation due to overgrazing.
80. Suggest measures to control land degradation due to mining.
81. Why is land both a resource and a problem in India?
82. Why is soil conservation essential for food security?
83. How does urbanisation increase the demand for resources?
84. How does climate change worsen land degradation?
85. Why is desertification a global issue?
86. Why should wasteland reclamation be given priority in India?
87. How does biodiversity conservation help in resource management?
88. Why is community participation essential in resource conservation?
89. Why is resource conservation linked with cultural values?
90. Why is sustainable development an ethical obligation?
91. India has only 2.4% of the world’s land area but supports 18% of world’s population. What
challenges does this pose?
92. In India, 54% of land is cultivable while only 22% is forested. What problems may arise from this
imbalance?
93. In 2010-11, net sown area was 46% of total land. Why is it not increasing further?
94. In 2010-11, fallow land was 8%. Suggest reasons for this.
95. In Rajasthan, 50% of land is desert. Suggest ways to utilise it productively.
96. In Punjab, 80% of land is cultivated. What problems arise from intensive farming?
97. In Jharkhand, 60% of land is under mining. How can agriculture survive there?
98. In Kerala, laterite soils dominate. Suggest suitable crops.
99. In Madhya Pradesh, black soils dominate. Suggest suitable farming techniques.
100. In Gujarat, arid soils dominate. Suggest irrigation methods.
101. Why should farmers avoid excessive irrigation in black soil areas?
102. Why should industries treat effluents before releasing into land?
103. Why should grazing be restricted in Rajasthan?
104. Why should contour ploughing be encouraged in Himalayan regions?
105. Why should organic farming be promoted in India?
106. Why should chemical fertilizers be replaced by biofertilizers?
107. Why should afforestation be made compulsory in mining regions?
108. Why should rainwater harvesting be practiced in cities?
109. Why should land-use planning consider ecological factors?
110. Why should students participate in tree plantation drives?
111. A farmer in Karnataka grows cotton on black soil but faces soil cracking. Suggest remedies.
112. A village in Bihar loses fertile topsoil due to floods. Suggest conservation methods.
113. A family in Rajasthan has saline land. Suggest crops suitable for such land.
114. An NGO wants to stop soil erosion in Nagaland. Suggest measures.
115. A farmer in Odisha grows crops on laterite soil. Suggest organic techniques to boost fertility.
116. A mining area in Jharkhand is abandoned. Suggest reclamation methods.
117. A river bank in Assam faces soil erosion. Suggest engineering solutions.
118. A desert farmer wants to cultivate vegetables. Suggest modern irrigation techniques.
119. A hilly farmer in Himachal faces soil erosion. Suggest cropping methods.
120. A village in Gujarat is overgrazed. Suggest community-based solutions.
121. “Land degradation is not only an environmental issue but also an economic problem.” Discuss.
122. “Soil conservation is essential for sustainable agriculture.” Justify.
123. “Resource planning ensures balanced regional development.” Explain with examples.
124. “Indiscriminate resource use leads to ecological imbalance.” Discuss.
125. “Resource conservation is the key to sustainable development.” Explain.
126. “Alluvial soil is the most agriculturally significant soil in India.” Justify.
127. “Black soil is ideal for cotton cultivation.” Explain scientifically.
128. “Laterite soils are suitable for plantation crops.” Explain.
129. “Arid soils pose challenges but also opportunities.” Discuss.
130. “Forest soils are both rich and poor.” Explain this paradox.
131. Why are Himalayan soils prone to erosion?
132. Why is Indo-Gangetic soil agriculturally prosperous?
133. Why is desert soil less productive?
134. Why does soil salinity occur in irrigated regions?
135. Why do soils in north-eastern India lose fertility fast?
136. Why are soils in Western Ghats suited for plantation crops?
137. Why is India called a land of resource diversity?
138. Why is it important to map resources scientifically?
139. Why is wasteland reclamation a priority in India?
140. Why should government regulate mining?
141. Why should we use resources judiciously?
142. Why should individuals avoid wastage of water?
143. Why should communities conserve forests?
144. Why should farmers use crop rotation?
145. Why should industries practice waste management?
146. Why should citizens support afforestation drives?
147. Why should schools promote soil conservation projects?
148. Why should youth join eco-clubs?
149. Why should scientists promote renewable resources?
150. Why should media spread awareness on resource conservation?
151. Is soil degradation a local or global issue? Why?
152. Is population growth a cause or effect of resource depletion? Explain.
153. Is afforestation alone enough to conserve soil? Why/why not?
154. Should barren lands be converted into agricultural land? Why?
155. Should resource-rich regions be taxed more? Why?
156. Should industries be penalised for land degradation? Why?
157. Is sustainable development possible in a consumerist society? Why?
158. Should India focus more on conservation or development? Why?
159. Should wasteland reclamation be prioritised over mining? Why?
160. Should resource ownership be in private hands or government hands? Why?
161. Imagine India ignores soil conservation for the next 20 years. Predict the consequences.
162. Imagine India adopts 100% organic farming. What will be the results?
163. Imagine forests cover 40% of India’s land. How will it benefit?
164. Imagine waterlogging spreads across Punjab. What will be the outcome?
165. Imagine mining is banned in Jharkhand. How will it affect economy?
166. Imagine India implements strict resource conservation laws. What will change?
167. Imagine rainfall decreases drastically. How will soil types be affected?
168. Imagine desertification increases in Rajasthan. How will people adapt?
169. Imagine land under net sown area decreases. What will be its effect on food security?
170. Imagine all wastelands in India are reclaimed. How will it impact agriculture?
171. Assertion: Black soil is ideal for cotton. Reason: Black soil has high moisture retention capacity.
172. Assertion: Alluvial soil is fertile. Reason: It contains potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
173. Assertion: Laterite soil is infertile. Reason: It is heavily leached due to rainfall.
174. Assertion: Red soil is suitable for pulses. Reason: It is rich in iron and poor in humus.
175. Assertion: Arid soil is saline. Reason: High temperature leads to salt accumulation.
176. Assertion: Soil erosion is high in hilly areas. Reason: Slopes allow fast movement of water.
177. Assertion: Resource planning is essential. Reason: Resources are unevenly distributed.
178. Assertion: Overgrazing degrades land. Reason: Vegetation cover is destroyed.
179. Assertion: Afforestation conserves soil. Reason: Roots bind the soil.
180. Assertion: Land is a basic resource. Reason: It supports all human activities.
181. Write a dialogue between a farmer and scientist on soil conservation.
182. Prepare a slogan on resource conservation.
183. Draft a poster on sustainable land use.
184. Write a letter to the District Collector about land degradation in your area.
185. Write a speech on the importance of soil conservation.
186. Prepare a flowchart showing types of soils in India.
187. Draw a table comparing soil types in India.
188. Write a short essay on “Resource planning in India”.
189. Write a report on “Soil conservation in my village”.
190. Draft a project plan for “Resource Conservation in School”.
191. Why is soil conservation key to India’s food security?
192. Why is land resource management linked to poverty reduction?
193. Why is community participation important in resource planning?
194. Why is overuse of resources compared to a ticking time bomb?
195. Why is resource conservation both a need and duty?
196. Why must students actively engage in conservation efforts?
197. Why is wasteland reclamation an urgent requirement?
198. Why should India focus on balancing resource use and development?
199. Why is sustainable development the only option for the 21st century?
200. How can we ensure “resources today remain resources tomorrow”?