SQL (Structure Query Language)
Definition
SQL is an acronym of structure query language. It is built to work around
Relational databases which are sets of related information stored in tables. SQL
was introduced by IBM as the language to interface with its prototype relational
database management system.the first commercially available SQL relational
database management was introduced in 1979 by Oracle Corporation.
Benefits of SQL
SQL has become the database language of choice because it is
flexible, powerful and easy to learn
Use:
Database maintenance
Division of sql
1. Data definition language (DDL)
Data definition language is set of commands that defines database objects
Create (new database objects)
Alter (existing database objects)
Drop (existing database objects)
2. Data manipulation language (DML)
Select (to query)
Update (modifying tables)
Insert (adding new records)
Delete (remove existing records)
3. Data control language (DCL)
Grant (create user, provides database objects access)
Revoke (revokes the user, revokes database objects access)
Commit (commit in changes)
Rollback (nullify the changes)
DBMS (Database management System)
A generalized software package for building database called DBMS which is also
used to manage the database.
Eg.:
Oracle
DbaseII
Sql Server
MS Access
FoxPro
Front-End and Back-End:
Front- End means a place where the database is utilized.
Back- End means a place where the database is protected and saved.
Front-End Software:
VB, Java....
Back-End software:
Any DBMS
Entity relationship
One to one
(e.g) one student is issue only one ID card
One to many
(e.g) one course can be studied more than one student
Many to one
(e.g) many computers purchased by one customer
Many to many
(e.g) customers purchases many products
