CHAPTER 1:

Introduction
Attendance in classrooms is made compulsory to ensure continuity in the
student’s learning process. When a student is regularly absent from class, it has an
adverse effect on their academic performance. This is because frequent absences
may lead to missing out on vital information, facts and instructions that result in
partial understanding of a topic, submission of incomplete work and poor
participation in class activities. Some schools also dicate that students should have
a particular attendance percentage in order to appear for exams. Therefore it is of
utmost importance that parents ensure that their children attend classes. The
most common reasons for absenteeism are; sickness, lack of interest in class
activities and studies, fear of going to school due to bullying and poor peer
relations.
Chronic absenteeism not only affects student achievement, it can affect a
student’s attitude and behaviour at school. When a student has attendance issues,
achievement issues and behaviour issues it increases their risk of dropping out of
school. Students with good homework habits are less likely to miss school and if
they do miss school they are more likely to complete makeup work in a timely
fashion. Students who are disorganized; unsure of their assignment responsibilities
and or have numerous outstanding assignments are more likely to become
causality to chronic absenteeism. Helping students understand that consistently
attending school improves achievement and gives those increased opportunities
and choices when they graduate falls squarely on all of our shoulders. Attending
school on regular basis does matter. Attendance is a key driver in a student’s
achievement in the classroom, standardized scores, high school graduation, and
college entrance. Chronic absenteeism is a problem that can be remedied if
addressed by all responsible parties: the student, the parent/guardian, the school
and the community.
Background of the Study
Regular attendance is an essential feature in school success. Students who
are chronic non-attenders receive fewer hours of instruction as compared to
those who regularly attend classes. Sadly, they often leave education early and
are more likely to become unemployed, homeless, caught in poverty trap,
dependent on welfare, and involved in the justice system (Sanchez,2012). In the
most cases, student absenteeism affects even the regular attenders, since the
teachers accommodate non-attenders in the same class.
Absenteeism is common problem in every school. According to Merriam
Webster Dictionary, absenteeism is a “chronic absence”. In the context of school,
while other students may miss some school activities now and then, absence
becomes a problem when the student is away from school for many days.
School absenteeism is a phenomenon with widespread consequence impacting
on a range of social stakeholders. This ranges from the children who are often
absent, their families, and schools. In worse cases, absenteeism, called truancy in
social welfare definition in western countries (Sutphen, Ford & Flaherty, 2010),
seeks the attention of the criminal justice system, social work agencies, and social
service organizations. Absenteeism is considered as one of the key problems
facing some school. There is increasing concern for the seemingly large number
of children and young people who are, for a range of reasons, missing out on the
benefits of education and possibly on better future.
Going to school regularly is crucially important for a student’s education and
social skills chronically absent sudents are at a disadvantage both socially and
academically. They miss out on critical stages of social interaction and
development with their peers and at the same time impacts negatively on their
academic progress.
This can result to low self-esteem, social isolation, and dissatisfaction that could
well have precipitated non-attendance in the first place. Absenteeism can lead to
depression and also result in poor quality of education as a result of time lost
while being away from school. It could also lead to moral degradation that leads
to drug abuse, early pregnancies and unruly behavior. Absenteeism can be
remedied by providing adequate co-curricular activities to students. It could be
curbed by creating o clubs and societies to keep students busy when they are out
of class. Schools should strive to have up to date learning facilities like libraries as
well as sporting facilities to make students enhance student retention.
Gathered in particular that there is extensive absenteeism among students. This
is done by skipping some lessons during the day, skipping a whole day or not
showing up at school for several days. This problem dilutes the role of teaching
since one cannot teach those who are absent. When students are absent in
school, arrive late, or cut class, they reduce their opportunities to learn and miss
on critical content planned for the time. Absences are also highest in the earliest
years of school most critical for developing foundational skills like reading
(California Department of Justice, 2014). Regular attendance at school is essential
if pupils are to learn and keep up with lessons. Absenteeism is a concern as it
leads to the academic performance of the child going down, ultimately leading to
the decline in overall school performance.
A student’s attendance may be the grounds of the results of his or her learning
performance. Absenteeism in students affect their school performances
especially when they are in a group or teamwork for their assignments and
projects. Since grouping will help develops the students’ cooperative and ability
to share and gain knowledge from their group mates will also miss the
opportunity of gaining knowledge from the absent student.
Being absent can affect the students’ ability to get high scores in examinations
which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student may fail and will cause
him/her to repeat the same year level. Students who have spent time attending
lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’ performance.
The difficulty inferring the effect of absenteeism on performance because, once a
sudent is absent in a class, he or she may miss the opportunity of learning other
technique. Absenteeism in school is the habit of staying away from school
without providing a genuine or any reason for not attending classes. Absenteeism
is a truant behavior that negatively affects the performance among students .

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 This study strongly aims to determine the effects of MARCOS NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL students absenteeism so answer the following questions.
1. What are the possible effect or consequences of absenteeism to the
students?
2. What are the causes of students absenteeism?
3. Why is absenteeism a problem?
4. What are the recommendations/suggestions of researchers in order to
reduce student’s absences?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 School attendance and school absenteeism have been studied for over a century,
leading to a rich and vast literature base. At the same time, powerful demographic,
climate, social justice, and technological/globalization forces are forcing disparate
stakeholders worldwide to quickly adapt to rapidly changing conditions and to
consider new common visions of child education for the next century. These
overreaching forces are utilized within a theory of change approach to help develop
such a vision of school attendance/absenteeism. This approach adopts key long-
range outcomes(readiness for adulthood for all students; synthesized systematic
and anlytic approaches to school attendance/absenteeism).
Absenteeism has been linked to diminished academic outcomes and is one of the
leading causes of high school dropout. The overreliance on excused/unexcused
absences that posit the school and the family as the arbitrators of the validity of an
absence is a troubling concern, as it glosses over the underlying causes for an
absence.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 This study aims to find out if sudent’s absenteeism really affects the
academic performances of the Grade 10 student’s in Marcos National High
School. The conceptual framework illustrates this in the figure that follows:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic profile of Gathering To know the factors that
the respondents: influencing absenteeism
Tabulating
Name: in order to understand
Analyzing the effects of it in
Age: through student’s academic
Gender: researchers performance.
made a
Statement of the Identify and recommend
questionnaire.
Problem: solution to reduce
1. - What are the possible 7. absenteeism.
effect or consequences 8. Conclusion for the
on absenteeism to the subject matter of this
students? study.
2. - What are the causes of
students absenteeism?
3. - What are the
recommendations/
4. suggestions of
researchers in order to
reduce student’s
absences?

FEEDBACK
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of this study is, to get accurate information about the
absenteeism affect through the student performances. These reviews of research
not only help researchers and educators identify the contemporary research
topics and research methodology but also suggest directond for future research
as well as some gudelines for the nature of that research. In addition, to study
and rises information of factors and effects of student absenteeism. As well, it
shows that we on our research it’s able to be used as a reference and source of
information useful to all parties.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This research was conducted to find out the reasons and effects of
absenteeism to the performance of Grade 10 students in Marcos National High
School. The researchers is going to get 10 respondents in every Grade 10 section
to answer the questions related to the topic. Results and Observation will be
based on the responses of the chosen population and focused on the general
objectives of the research.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Absenteeism- The practice of regularly staying away from work or
school without good reason. A habit of staying away from school
without providing a genuine or any reason for not attending classes.
Student- A person who attends a school, college, or university. A person
who studies something.
Performance- The act of doing a job or an acivity.
Impact- Have a strong and often bad effect on (someone or something).
Disadvantage- An unfavorable circumstance or condition that reduces
the chances of success or effectiveness.
Effect- A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other
cause.
Attendance- The action or state of going regularly to or being present at
a place or event.
Significant- Suffciently great or important to be worthy of attention;
noteworthy.
Genuine- Truly what something is said to be authentic.
Skill- The ability to do something well; expertise.
Truant- A student who stays away from school without leave or
explanation.