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 Page i

Enterprise Security®
with EJB™ and CORBA™

Bret Hartman
Donald Flinn
Konstantin Beznosov
 Page ii

Publisher: Robert Ipsen

Editor: Robert M. Elliott
Assistant Editor: Emilie Herman
Managing Editor: John Atkins
Associate New Media Editor: Brian Snapp
Text Design & Composition: Publishers' Design and Production Services, Inc.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.
Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and
registration.
CORBA, OMG, Object Management Group, ORB, Object Request Broker, XMI, MOF, OMG Interface Definition
Language, IDL, CORBAservices, CORBAfacilities, CORBAmed, CORBAnet, Unified Modeling Language, UML,
Information Brokerage, and CORBA Academy are trademarks or registered trademarks of Object Management Group,
Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
Copyright © 2001 by Bret Hartman, Donald Flinn, Konstantin Beznosov. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of
the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization
through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax
(212) 850-6008, E-Mail: [email protected].
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It
is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in professional services. If professional advice or other
expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought.

This title is also available in print as ISBN 0 -471-40131-5

For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.Wiley.com
 Page iii

Advance Praise for

Enterprise Security with EJB and CORBA

“In today's new Web world, a typical server system consists of a Web application server full of things like Java applets,
JSPs, CORBA objects, EJB containers full of Enterprise JavaBeans, and other strange artifacts we never imagined a
couple of years ago. Some of them migrate from the server to its clients, others work while they sit in the server, and
others hand work off to older servers further inside the enterprise. Putting applications together in this environment is
fairly complicated. It would be nice if once you figured out how to build your application, security would “just work.”
But the current environment is not nice. Until this book came along, you needed to read many different documents— and
figure some stuff out for yourself— to learn how to make your security services work together.

Bret Hartman, Don Flinn, and Konstantin Beznosov are uniquely qualified to explain how security works in today's
complex environment. They are insiders who have been involved in the develpment of many of the security standards
and technologies you'll need to use to integrate security across a modern Web-enabled enterprise. Together they have
decades of security experience.

This is the first book I know of that talks about how to make Java security, EJB security, and CORBA security all
work together in the same server. It's the first book I know of that covers the important new OMG RAD technology. And
it's the first book I know of that explains the specifics of how to implement Role-Based Access Control in a CORBA or
EJB business environment. Enterprise Security with EJB and CORBA gives specific advice about where to use specific
features and how to use them.

I hope you enjoy the book and find it useful. I did.”

Bob Blakley
Chief Scientist, Enterprise Solutions Unit, Tivoli Systems, Inc.
(an IBM Company)

‘‘The authors have made a significant contribution to the continuing discussion on establishing, securing, and integrating
distributed components at the enterprise level. This is not an abstract, theoretical treatise, but an immensely practical
guide, packed with concrete working examples and written in a crisp, accessible style. This is an important and
stimulating piece of work.”

Ted Gerbracht
Chief Information Security Officer, Credit Suisse First Boston
 Page iv

“Leveraging their strong implementation and standards committee experience, the authors have delivered the definitive
guide to enterprise distributed object security. This book is a comprehensive guide for architects and developers who
need to plan, implement, and sustain a flexible application security architecture that enables secure, rapid solutions
delivery in the highly complex world of distributed components. Their excellent exploration of distributed object security
makes this an essential companion for practitioners faced with the challenge of implementing security architecture in a
multi-tier, components-based environment.”

Wing K. Lee
Technical Specialist, Sprint

“While Java and EJB are rapidly becoming the component development platform of choice, CORBA has become firmly
established as the only multi-language, multi-platform solution for distributed systems. Together these specifications
provide just the right mix of portability and interoperability. A significant number of the thousands of deployed CORBA
and EJB systems, however, are discovering the real need for security in those systems. For the first time, Enterprise
Security with EJB and CORBA brings together those two worlds to review the security solutions provided by each,
comparing and contrasting and exploring how to provide secure application and content delivery in the CORBA/EJB
world. This book is indispensable for distributed application developers with security and protection requirements and
belongs on the bookshelf of every distributed systems engineer.”

Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Object Management Group, Inc.
 Page v

To Dana, Sarah, and Will.

Bret

To Jane.
Don

To Alla, Vladimir, Valerij, Olga, and Alissa.

Konstantin
Page vi
 Page vii

OMG Press
Advisory Board

Karen D. Boucher Cris Kobryn

Executive Vice President Chief Scientist and Senior Director
The Standish Group Inline Software

Carol C. Burt Nilo Mitra, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer Principal System Engineer
2AB, Inc. Ericsson

Ian Foster Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D.

Business Director Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Concept Five Technologies Object Management Group, Inc.

Michael Gurevich Sheldon C. Sutton

Chief Architect Principal Information Systems Engineer
724 Solutions The MITRE Corporation

V. “Juggy”Jagannathan, Ph.D. Andreas Vogel

Senior Vice President of Research CTO
and Development and Chief Mspect
Technology Officer
CareFlow|Net, Inc.
Page viii
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 Page ix

OMG Press
Books in Print

(For complete information about current and upcoming titles, go to www.wiley.com/compbooks/omg/)

l Building Business Objects by Peter Eeles and Oliver Sims, ISBN: 0471-191760.

l Business Component Factory: A Comprehensive Overview of Component-Based Development for the

Enterprise by Peter Herzum and Oliver Sims, ISBN: 0471-327603.

l Business Modeling with UML: Business Patterns at Work by Hans-Erik Eriksson and Magnus Penker, ISBN:
0471-295515.

l CORBA 3 Fundamentals and Programming, 2nd Edition by Jon Siegel, ISBN: 0471-295183.

l CORBA Design Patterns by Thomas J. Mowbray and Raphael C. Malveau, ISBN: 0471-158828.

l Enterprise Application Integration with CORBA: Component and Web-Based Solutions by Ron Zahavi, ISBN:
0471-32704.

l Enterprise Java with UML by CT Arrington, ISBN: 0471-386804

l The Essential CORBA: Systems Integration Using Distributed Objects by Thomas J. Mowbray and Ron Zahavi,
ISBN: 0471-106119.

l
 Page x

Instant CORBA by Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey, and Jeri Edwards, ISBN: 0471-183334.

l Integrating CORBA and COM Applications by Michael Rosen and David Curtis, ISBN: 0471-198277.

l Java Programming with CORBA, Third Edition by Gerald Brose, Andreas Vogel, and Keith Duddy, ISBN:
0471-247650.

l The Object Technology Casebook: Lessons from Award-Winning Business Applications by Paul Harmon and
William Morrisey, ISBN: 0471-147176.

l The Object Technology Revolution by Michael Guttman and Jason Matthews, ISBN: 0471-606790.

l Programming with Enterprise JavaBeans, JTS and OTS: Building Distributed Transactions with Java and
C++ by Andreas Vogel and Madhavan Rangarao, ISBN: 0471-319724.

l Programming with Java IDL by Geoffrey Lewis, Steven Barber, and Ellen Siegel, ISBN: 0471-247979.

l UML Toolkit by Hans-Erik Eriksson and Magnus Penker, ISBN: 0471-191612.

Y
FL
AM
TE

Team-Fly®
 Page xi

About the OMG

The Object Management Group (OMG) was chartered to create and foster a component-based software marketplace
through the standardization and promotion of object-oriented software. To achieve this goal, the OMG specifies open
standards for every aspect of distributed object computing from analysis and design, through infrastructure, to application
objects and components.

The well-established CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) standardizes a platform- and
programming -language-independent distributed object computing environment. It is based on OMG/ISO Interface
Definition Language (OMG IDL) and the Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP). Now recognized as a mature technology,
CORBA is represented on the marketplace by well over 70 ORBs (Object Request Brokers) plus hundreds of other
products. Although most of these ORBs are tuned for general use, others are specialized for real-time or embedded
applications, or built into transaction processing systems where they provide scalability, high throughput and reliability.
Of the thousands of live, mission -critical CORBA applications in use today around the world, over 300 are documented
on the OMG's success-story web pages at http://www.corba.org.

CORBA 3, the OMG's latest release, adds a Component Model, quality-of -service control, a messaging invocation
model, and tightened integration with the Internet, Enterprise JavaBeans and the Java programming language. Widely
anticipated by the industry, CORBA 3 keeps this established architecture in the forefront of distributed computing, as
will a new OMG specification integrating
 Page xii

CORBA with XML. Well -known for its ability to integrate legacy systems into your network, along with the wide
variety of heterogeneous hardware and software on the market today, CORBA enters the new millennium prepared to
integrate the technologies on the horizon.

Augmenting this core infrastructure are the CORBAservices, which standardize naming and directory services, event
handling, transaction processing, security, and other functions. Building on this firm foundation, OMG Domain Facilities
standardize common objects throughout the supply and service chains in industries such as Telecommunications,
Healthcare, Manufacturing, Transportation, Finance/Insurance, Electronic Commerce, Life Science, and Utilities.

The OMG standards extend beyond programming. OMG Specifications for analysis and design include the Unified
Modeling Language (UML), the repository standard Meta-Object Facility (MOF), and XML-based Metadata Interchange
(XMI). The UML is a result of fusing the concepts of the world's most prominent methodologists. Adopted as an OMG
specification in 1997, it represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling
of large and complex systems and is a well-defined, widely-accepted response to these business needs. The MOF is
OMG's standard for metamodeling and metadata repositories. Fully integrated with UML, it uses the UML notation to
describe repository metamodels. Extending this work, the XMI standard enables the exchange of objects defined using
UML and the MOF. XMI can generate XML Data Type Definitions for any service specification that includes a
normative, MOF-based metamodel.

In summary, the OMG provides the computing industry with an open, vendor-neutral, proven process for establishing
and promoting standards. OMG makes all of its specifications available without charge from its website,
http://www.omg.org. With over a decade of standard-making and consensus-building experience, OMG now counts
about 800 companies as members. Delegates from these companies convene at week-long meetings held five times each
year at varying sites around the world, to advance OMG technologies. The OMG welcomes guests to their meetings; for
an invitation, send your email request to [email protected].

Membership in the OMG is open to end users, government organizations, academia, and technology vendors. For more
information on the OMG, contact OMG headquarters by phone at +1-508-820 4300, by fax at +1-508-820 4303, by email
at [email protected], or on the web at www.omg.org.
 Page xiii

Contents

Foreword
xix
Introduction
xxiii
Acknowledgments
xxxi
Chapter 1 An Overview of Enterprise Security Integration
Components and Security 1
Security as an Enabler for E-Business Applications 1
E-Business Applications Increase Risks 3
Information Security Goals: Enable Use, Bar Intrusion 4
E-Business Solutions Create New Security Responsibilities 4
Risk Management Holds Key 5
Information Security: A Proven Concern 6
Distributed Systems Require Distributed Security 7
Security Challenges in Distributed Component Environments 8
End-to-End ESI 9
ESI Requirements 12
ESI Solutions 13
ESI Framework 14
Applications 15
APIs 15
Core Security Services 17
Framework Security Facilities 17
Security Products 18
ESI Benefits 19
Principles of ESI 19
20
 Page xiv

Example of a Secure Component Architecture

Business Scenario 22
eBusiness.com Object Model 22
eBusiness.com Security Requirements 22
Summary 24
26
Chapter 2 Securing EJB Components
An Overview of EJB Security 27
Players and Their Duties in the EJB Lifecycle 28
Roles 30
The Ben Provider 32
Application Assembler 34
Defining Roles 39
Assigning Method Access 41
Assigning Roles to Role References 42
Security Identity 44
Deployer 45
Principal Delegation 47
EJB Container Provider 50
Deployment Tools 51
Security Domains 51
Principal Naming 51
ejbContext 52
Auditing 52
Using the Deployment Descriptor 54
Recommended Permissions 54
The Beans Themselves 57
Authentication 57
Authorization 58
Transport 59
Security with Container-to-Container Interoperability 59
Association Options 60
Who's Running the Show? 62
Summary 64
66
Chapter 3 Securing CORBA Components
Benefits of CORBA Security 69
A Brief Review of CORBA 72
Declarative Part 76
Runtime Part 76
Wire Protocol 78
Object Reference 81
Runtime CORBA Security 83
Identification and Authentication 84
Policy Enforcement 84
Wire Protocol 86
Functionality Levels 89
Level 1: Security-Unaware Applications 91
Level 2: Security-Aware Applications 92
Declarative CORBA Security 92
Why You Need Rights, Domains, and Attributes 93
93
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