Research paper: "Development of a Smart Parking System for Optimal Space Utilization at Bestlink College of the Philippines"
ITE 3 RESEARCH
"Enhancing Parking Efficiency at Bestlink College of the
Philippines through an Intelligent Reservation and Tracking
System”
BY:
SIANGCO, JAZEEL S.
ONG, CRISTINA C.
VERZOSA, MITCH SHARIE D.
BUBAN, PRINCESS MHICAELA L.
TAN, MARK LAURENCE B.
STATUS: REVISED OBJECTIVE & RRL
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Research paper: "Development of a Smart Parking System for Optimal Space Utilization at Bestlink College of the Philippines"
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to develop a smart parking system that will optimize space utilization and improve parking efficiency at
Bestlink College of the Philippines. Specifically, the system aims to:
● To monitor real-time availability of parking spaces.
● To guide users to the nearest available parking slot through a mobile or web-based interface.
● To reduce time spent searching for parking.
● To minimize traffic congestion within the campus parking areas.
● To promote efficient space management through intelligent tracking and reservation features.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
General Problem: How can a smart parking system be developed and implemented to improve parking efficiency and optimize space utilization
at Bestlink College of the Philippines?
Sub Problem:
1. What are the existing issues and limitations of the current parking at Bestlink College of the Philippines?
2. How can real-time monitoring of parking slot availability be integrated into the system?
3. What design features and technologies are necessary to develop an efficient smart parking system?
4. How can the system reduce the time users spend searching for parking spaces?
5. What are the potential impacts of the smart parking system on campus traffic flow and user convenience?
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Research paper: "Development of a Smart Parking System for Optimal Space Utilization at Bestlink College of the Philippines"
Following are findings of researches on the topics/ideas (also referred to as variables) on Intellectual capital (with parameters such as
relational/customer capital, structural capital) Firm Performance(synonymous with organizational and business performance) and Competitive
advantage. Note that there are similar and conflicting findings. Also, provide the specific URL where the reference was sourced for the
facilitation of future readings.
Author Title Industry Key Findings
1. Enríquez, F. J., Mejía- Smart Parking: Enhancing Technolo The researchers developed a hybrid system where real-
Muñoz, J.-M., Bravo, Urban Mobility with Fog gy and time data is processed closer to the user using fog nodes,
G., & Cruz-Mejía, O. Computing and Machine smart while the cloud handles long-term analytics. This setup
(2024). Learning-Based Parking mobility significantly reduced response times and improved the
Occupancy Prediction. system’s efficiency. The team also used an AdaBoost
machine learning model to accurately predict parking space
https://doi.org/ availability, allowing users to check ahead of time whether
10.3390/asi7030052 spots would be open. A user-friendly mobile app was also
developed so drivers could receive real-time predictions
based on their destination and the time they plan to park.
The results showed that this system not only improved
prediction accuracy but also made the overall parking
process smoother and more convenient for users.
2. Ahmed, M. S., Khalil, I., Smart parking systems: Urban The study evaluated various approaches including sensors,
& Murtaza, G. (2021). Comprehensive review infrastruc computer vision, and mobile applications, focusing on how
based on various aspects. ture and these technologies help manage parking space more
transport efficiently. It emphasized the growing role of wireless
https://doi.org/ ation sensor networks and machine learning algorithms in
10.1016/ monitoring parking occupancy in real-time. The review also
j.heliyon.2021.e08163 pointed out challenges like high setup costs, maintenance,
and the need for reliable communication networks.
However, it concluded that smart parking systems have the
potential to reduce traffic congestion, lower emissions, and
help drivers save time by guiding them to available spaces
more efficiently.
3
Research paper: "Development of a Smart Parking System for Optimal Space Utilization at Bestlink College of the Philippines"
Author Title Industry Key Findings
3. 1. Labayne, J. J., Efficiency Improvement in Transport The researchers developed and tested an online-based
Echalar, L. S., & Parking: A Waterfall ation parking slot reservation system using the Waterfall model.
Matute, A. V. (2024). Model-Based Approach for Their goal was to improve how people find and reserve
Testing Online-Based parking spots. The key takeaway was that the system
Parking Slot Reservation helped reduce time spent searching for parking, improved
https:// System user convenience, and minimized congestion. Users could
www.researchgate.net easily book a slot in advance, and administrators had
/publication/ control over monitoring and managing reservations. Some
382292858 limitations were also noted, such as delays during check-out
and issues if users didn’t follow proper booking behavior.
4. Abrar Fahim, Mehedi Smart parking systems: Smart The study highlights that smart parking systems improve
Hasan, Muhtasim Comprehensive review Transport urban mobility by using sensors and wireless networks to
Alam Chowdhury based on technological ation detect and share real-time parking availability. These
approaches, sensors, systems reduce traffic congestion, save time, and enhance
https://doi.org/
networking, and service user convenience through mobile apps and automated
10.1016/
performance payments. However, challenges like high costs, scalability,
j.heliyon.2021.e07321
and data privacy still need to be addressed for wider
adoption.
5. Sneha Channamallu, Factors Impacting Transport A research conducted at the University of Texas at Arlington
S., Pamidimukkala, A., Custormers' Satisfaction ation (UTA) used interviews with staff, teachers, and students to
Kermanshachi, S., with Parking: A Case Study look into parking concerns on campus. It discovered that
Michael Rosenberger, private vehicles were heavily used, and that people
J., & Hladik, G. (2024, preferred easy, close parking. Smart parking features like
June). real-time tracking piqued the curiosity of the participants.
Efficiency can be increased, according to the report, by
https:// implementing improved parking regulations and tech-based
www.researchgate.net solutions.
/publication/
378964414
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Research paper: "Development of a Smart Parking System for Optimal Space Utilization at Bestlink College of the Philippines"
Author Title Industry Key Findings
6. Kalašová, A., Čulík, K., Smart Parking Applications Smart A research conducted in the Slovakian city of Žilina
Poliak, M., & and Its Efficiency Transport examined parking issues by conducting traffic surveys in
Otahálová, Z. (2021). ation both public and private parking lots. Data on parking
occupancy and driver comments were acquired by
researchers. In light of the results, they suggested an
https://doi.org/ intelligent parking system that helps cars locate open spots
10.3390/su13116031 fast by using tracking and guidance. This lessens traffic and
boosts parking effectiveness generally. Despite the system's
obvious advantages, the study also addresses drawbacks
such expensive setup fees.
7. Hongwei Wang and A RESERVATION-BASED Intelligent Based on the observation that parking space reservation
Wenbo He from the SMART PARKING SYSTEM Transport can help drivers to reduce the search time dramatically, we
University of ation propose a reservation-based solution, built on advanced
Nebraska–Lincoln. Systems sensing and mobile communication technology, with the
and objectives to alleviate the parking contention, balance the
Cyber-Ph benefits between parking service providers and drivers,
https:// ysical coordinate among service providers, differentiate the needs
digitalcommons.unl.ed Systems of individual drivers, and reduce the amount of traffic
u/cseconfwork/226/ (CPS) searching for parking as well. To achieve the design goals, a
powerful tool to model the behavior of both service
providers and drivers are required. Meanwhile, we need to
design control signals to guide the parking selection of large
scale, autonomous drivers
8. Mohamed Mohandes, Preference-based smart Intelligent The study presents a smart parking system tailored for
Mohamed Deriche, parking system in a Transport university campuses that uses user preferences and real-
Muhammad T. university campus ation time vacancy data to guide drivers to their most preferred
Abuelma’atti, Noman Systems available parking spot, demonstrating high accuracy (100%
Tasadduq for sensor-based and 98% for camera-based detection) and
improved user experience by reducing search time and
optimizing space utilization.
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Research paper: "Development of a Smart Parking System for Optimal Space Utilization at Bestlink College of the Philippines"
Author Title Industry Key Findings
https://doi.org/
10.1049/iet-
its.2018.5207
9. Balfaqih, M., Jabbar, Design and Development IoT-enabl The study developed a multi-layer IoT architecture
W., Khayyat, M., & of Smart Parking System ed smart incorporating sensor nodes, fog computing, and cloud
Hassan, R. Based on Fog Computing parking backends to enable real-time parking slot availability
and Internet of Things systems, estimation, reservation, and navigation. Simulated and real-
smart city world tests showed a reduction in parking arrival time by
solutions 16–46% compared to conventional systems, demonstrating
https:// enhanced efficiency and scalability
www.mdpi.com/2079-
9292/10/24/3184
10. Joshiha, M. A., Smart Parking System for Campus A Java-based application enables role-based parking slot
Lathika, S., Students and Staff parking booking for students and staff via real-time interactive
Bhavana, K., & systems screens. The dynamic booking process reduced parking
Yamini, P. in congestion and improved usability. Nearly all users
higher-ed reported greater satisfaction, and the system delivered a
ucation practical framework for future IoT sensor integration and
https:// institutio automated slot detection
www.irjweb.com/ ns
Smart%20Parking
%20System%20For
%20Students%20And
%20Staff.pdf
