BICYCLE E-COMMERCE WEBSITE

GROUP MEMBERS
NAME ADM NO

1. Nassor Hamdu COM//22

2. James Njoroge COM//22

COM/
3. Najma mohammed
082/22
4. Isack COM//22

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (COMPUTER
SCIENCE) OF
UNIVERSITY OF ELDORET.

Declaration
We hereby declare that the work presented in this project report titled Uni
service Website is entirely our own work, except where explicitly stated
otherwise. All sources used have been properly acknowledged and
referenced. No part of this project has been submitted for any other
qualification at any institution.

The candidate has developed this project under my supervision as the

university supervisor

GROUP MEMBERS
NAME SIGNATURE DATE

Nassor hamdu …………………. ………………….

james njoroge …………………. ………………….

Najma mohammed …………………. ………………….

…………………. ………………….
isaack

SUPERVISOR

NAME SIGNATURE DATE

Dr kogo …………………. ………………….

Dedication

We dedicate this project to Our supervisors. Their unwavering support,

encouragement, and inspiration have been instrumental throughout this
journey. This project is a testament to their belief in our abilities and their
constant encouragement to strive for excellence. Thank you for being our
guiding light and for always believing in us.

II
III
Acknowledgements

we would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who has

contributed to the completion of this project. Firstly, we extend our
deepest appreciation to our supervisors, Dr. Siele and Dr. Kogo, for their
invaluable guidance, encouragement, and support throughout the
duration of this project. Their expertise and insights have been
instrumental in shaping the direction of this research.

Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the support our friends who

have been a constant source of encouragement and motivation. Their
unwavering belief in us has fueled our determination to succeed.

Lastly, we are thankful to the University of Eldoret for providing us with

the necessary resources and facilities to undertake this project.

Abstract
This project proposal seeks to create a university business hosting website
for student entrepreneurs, offering resources, networking, and mentorship
to support their entrepreneurial journeys. The platform will feature user-
friendly navigation, a resource library, peer forums, and a mentorship
program. By employing an Agile methodology, the project will focus on
user experience and iterative improvements based on feedback, fostering
collaboration and knowledge sharing. Ultimately, the initiative aims to fill
the gap in support for student-led businesses, empowering students to
turn their ideas into successful ventures and contributing to economic
growth within the university community.

IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration.................................................................................................II

Dedication.................................................................................................III

Acknowledgements...................................................................................IV

Abstract......................................................................................................V

CHAPTER ONE.............................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND STUDY...............................................1

1.2. Motivation.....................................................................................2

1.3. Problem Statement......................................................................3

1.4. Objectives of the Study...............................................................4

1.5. Justification...................................................................................5

1.6. Scope and Limitations.................................................................6

CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................7

LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................7

CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................20

METHODOLOGY........................................................................................20

3.1 Waterfall Model...........................................................................20

3.2 Build and Fix................................................................................37

CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................40

PROJECT MANAGEMENT............................................................................40

4.1 Project scope................................................................................40

4.2. Project Stakeholders and Communication Channels:..........40

4.3. Project Planning.........................................................................42

4.4. Implementing Agile Methodology...........................................44

4.5. Task Tracking and Progress Monitoring:...............................45

4.6. Quality Assurance and Testing................................................46

4.6. Change Management:................................................................47

V
CHAPTER FIVE..........................................................................................49

DISCUSSION.............................................................................................49

CHAPTER SIX............................................................................................53

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION....................................................53

References...............................................................................................54

Appendix A: Survey Questions.................................................................58

VI
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Budget
Costs ...........................................................................................................
. 41
Table 2 Project
Plan .............................................................................................................
.. 42 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Client-Server
Architecture ................................................................................... 22
Figure 2 Database
schema.................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3 Landing
Page..........................................................................................................
26
Figure 4 Product Details
Page ............................................................................................. 26
Figure 5 User Sign-Up
Page ................................................................................................ 27
Figure 6 User Login
Page ..................................................................................................... 27
Figure 7 User Profile
Page ................................................................................................... 28
Figure 8 Admin
Page ............................................................................................................
28
Figure 9 Entity - Relationship
Diagram ............................................................................. 30
Figure 10 Sequence
Diagram ............................................................................................... 31
Figure 11 Use case
diagram ................................................................................................. 32
Figure 13 Build and
Fix ........................................................................................................ 37
Figure 14 Sample
Code ........................................................................................................
51
VII
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND STUDY

In an era where entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a vital

driver of economic growth and innovation, university students are
stepping into the entrepreneurial landscape with enthusiasm and
creativity. Many students possess a diverse range of skills and talents,
enabling them to offer valuable services such as academic support,
creative design, handmade products, and technical assistance. However,
despite their potential, student entrepreneurs often encounter significant
barriers that hinder their ability to thrive in a competitive marketplace.
Fragmented marketing channels, low visibility, and insecure transaction
methods are just a few of the challenges they face.

The entrepreneurial spirit among university students has gained

momentum in recent years, driven by a combination of factors including
the rise of the gig economy, advancements in technology, and a growing
emphasis on practical experience in education. Many students are
leveraging their skills to create businesses that not only provide them
with income but also allow them to gain real-world experience and
develop essential professional skills. Services offered by student
entrepreneurs range from academic support, such as tutoring and essay
proofreading, to creative services like graphic design and photography, as
well as handmade products and tech services.

Despite the wealth of talent and creativity present among student

entrepreneurs, they often struggle to effectively market their services and
connect with potential clients. Current marketing methods, such as social
media groups, physical bulletin boards, and word-of-mouth referrals, are
often fragmented and lack the structure necessary for reaching a broader
audience. This fragmentation results in low visibility for many talented
individuals, leaving them undiscovered by potential clients who could
benefit from their offerings.

Moreover, the absence of secure transaction methods poses a significant

risk for both service providers and clients. Many student entrepreneurs
rely on cash payments or informal agreements, which can lead to
payment disputes, misunderstandings, and even fraud. This uncertainty
can deter potential clients from engaging with student services, further
exacerbating the challenges faced by these budding entrepreneurs.

To address these pressing issues, the establishment of a dedicated

university business hosting website is proposed. This platform aims to
centralize opportunities, enhance trust through verified profiles and a
review system, facilitate secure transactions with integrated payment
options, and foster a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem. By providing

1
a centralized hub for student services, the website would streamline the
process of discovering and hiring student entrepreneurs, ultimately
empowering them to succeed.

1.2. Motivation
We know that buying a bike can be hard work. You might have to visit
many stores, trying out different bikes, and it can take a lot of time. We
thought about how we could make this easier for people.

We love bikes, and we've been through the struggle of finding the right
one. We thought, wouldn't it be great if there was an easier way to find
and buy bikes? That's why we got motivated to create this online bike
store.

We want to help people who love bikes as much as we do. By making it

easier to buy bikes online, we hope to save people time and effort. Plus,
we want to make sure they get the right bike for them without all the
hassle.

We've heard from many people who say they'd love to buy bikes online if
it was easier. So, we decided to do something about it. We want to make
sure that buying bikes online is as simple and enjoyable as possible for
everyone.

We believe that by creating this online bike store, we can make a positive
difference in people's lives. Whether it's helping someone find their
dream bike or saving them a trip to the store, we want to make bike
shopping a breeze for everyone.

Our motivation comes from our love of bikes and our desire to make bike
shopping easier for everyone. By creating this online bike store, we hope
to make a positive impact on the biking community and help people find
their perfect ride with ease.

2
1.

3. Problem Statement

In today’s dynamic academic environment, university students are

increasingly exploring entrepreneurial ventures, leveraging their diverse
skills to offer a variety of services. These services range from academic
support, such as tutoring, essay proofreading, and thesis assistance, to
creative services like graphic design, video editing, and photography.
Additionally, students are crafting unique handmade products, including
art, crafts, and custom merchandise, as well as providing tech services
such as website development, app debugging, and IT support.

Despite the wealth of talent and creativity among student entrepreneurs,

many face significant challenges that hinder their success. One of the
primary issues is the fragmented marketing channels they rely on.
Currently, students often resort to informal methods for promoting their
services, such as posting in social media groups, using physical bulletin
boards around campus, or relying on word-of-mouth referrals. While these
methods can be effective to some extent, they lack the structure and
reach necessary to connect with a broader audience. As a result, many
talented individuals remain hidden from potential clients who could
benefit from their services.

Another critical challenge is the low visibility of these student

entrepreneurs. Without a centralized platform to showcase their skills and
offerings, many students struggle to gain the recognition they deserve.
This lack of visibility not only limits their client base but also stifles their
potential for growth and development as entrepreneurs.

Furthermore, the absence of secure transactions poses a significant risk

for both service providers and clients. Many student entrepreneurs rely on
M-pesa payments or informal agreements, which can lead to payment
disputes, misunderstandings, and even fraud. This uncertainty can deter
potential clients from engaging with student services, further
exacerbating the challenges faced by these budding entrepreneurs.

3
 1.
4. Objectives of the Study
i. To Define Project Scope: we clearly outline the goals of the uni
services website project, including the timeline, budget and desired
features.
ii. To Prepare the Development Environment: Set up development
environments, including web servers, relational databases such as
mySQL, and version control systems like Git. Install necessary
development tools, frameworks, and libraries.
iii. To Design and Develop User Interfaces: Design intuitive user interfaces
for browsing services, services pages and completing transactions.
iv. iv. To Integrate Backend Functionality: Implement backend
functionality for processing orders and updating records in the
database
v. To Integrate Payment Gateways: integrate transactions platforms like
M-pesa which can facilitate user payments.

4
 1.
vi. To Test and Deploy the Website: conduct thorough testing to ensure
functionality and performance.

5
 1.
5. Justification
Students need a better way to buy and sell services to each other. Right
now, they use messy social media groups or bulletin boards where posts get
lost and payments feel risky. A dedicated campus platform would make it
easy to find trusted tutors, designers, and other student services in one
place, with verified profiles and secure payments. Unlike big freelance
websites, this would be designed just for university students - helping them
earn money, gain skills, and solve problems for classmates safely and
conveniently. It's a simple solution students already want, but nobody has
built it yet for campus life.

6
 1.
6. Scope and Limitations
Our project focuses on developing an online platform for students to offer
services to others, with features tailored to meet the needs of both
customers and service providers. We aim to provide a comprehensive
solution that includes easy browsing and booking options for customers, as
well as efficient listing and management tools for service providers The
platform will start small, only available to students at one university. We
won't include features like taking commissions or payment through banks at
first. There may be challenges if many students start using it at once, so
we'll need to test how well the website handles growth. These limitations
help us launch a simple but useful version first before making it bigger.
Despite the limitations we will still offer the website to the students.

7
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Student Entrepreneurship and Peer-to-Peer Services

Student entrepreneurship has garnered significant attention in recent years,

particularly as universities increasingly emphasize experiential learning and the
development of real-world skills. Research indicates that many students engage
in side businesses, such as tutoring, freelance writing, graphic design, and
handmade crafts, to supplement their income while gaining valuable
professional experience (Jones & Patton, 2019). Despite the potential benefits of
these ventures, student entrepreneurs often face challenges due to the lack of
structured platforms for promotion and transactions.

Existing studies reveal that students primarily rely on informal channels, such as
social media platforms (e.g., Facebook groups and Instagram) and university
bulletin boards, to market their services (Smith et al., 2020). While these
methods provide some visibility, they are often disorganized and lack essential
trust mechanisms and efficient payment systems. A study conducted by Lee &
Zhang (2021) found that 65% of student entrepreneurs reported difficulties in
finding consistent clients, with many expressing frustration over the absence of
a dedicated marketplace tailored to their needs. This highlights a significant gap
in the current landscape, where student entrepreneurs struggle to connect with
potential clients effectively.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) service platforms have gained popularity in recent years, with
models like Fiverr, Upwork, and TaskRabbit dominating the gig economy.
However, these platforms are not specifically designed for university
ecosystems. Research by Thompson (2022) suggests that students prefer
localized, campus-specific solutions because they foster trust, convenience, and
community engagement—factors that global platforms often lack. This
preference underscores the need for a dedicated platform that caters to the
unique dynamics of student entrepreneurship within university settings.

2. Digital Platforms for University-Based Services

8
Several universities have begun to experiment with internal marketplaces to
facilitate student-to-student services, demonstrating the potential for tailored
solutions. For instance, UniMarket at the University of London (2020) was a pilot
platform that allowed students to trade textbooks and offer tutoring services.
Findings from this initiative showed a remarkable 40% increase in student
service engagement compared to traditional methods. This suggests that a
structured platform can significantly enhance participation and interaction
among students.

Another example is CampusTrade at MIT (2021), which focused on freelance

tech services such as coding and app development. The study noted that
implementing verified student IDs significantly reduced instances of fraud and
increased user confidence in the platform. These case studies illustrate that
university-specific platforms can outperform generic marketplaces in terms of
user adoption and satisfaction. However, it is important to note that most
existing models are limited to specific services, such as tutoring or textbook
sales, rather than offering a comprehensive business ecosystem that
encompasses a wider range of student-led services.

3. Trust and Security in Student Marketplaces

A critical challenge faced by P2P platforms is establishing trust between buyers

and sellers. Research conducted by Garcia & Kim (2022) identifies three key
trust-building mechanisms essential for fostering a secure marketplace: identity
verification, rating and review systems, and secure payment gateways. Identity
verification methods, such as .edu email authentication, help ensure that users
are legitimate students, thereby enhancing trust. Additionally, rating and review
systems have been proven to reduce disputes by approximately 30%, as they
provide transparency and accountability for both parties involved in a
transaction.

Furthermore, studies highlight the risks of fraud in informal student transactions,

with one in five students reporting payment issues when using social media for
business purposes (Harris, 2023). This underscores the necessity for a structured
platform with built-in safeguards to mitigate these risks. By implementing robust

9
trust mechanisms, a dedicated student business platform can create a safer
environment for transactions, ultimately encouraging more students to engage
in entrepreneurial activities.

4. Technology and Usability Considerations

The success of a student business platform is heavily dependent on user-friendly

design and scalable technology. Research suggests that students have specific
preferences when it comes to digital interfaces. For instance, over 80% of
students access services via smartphones, indicating a strong preference for
mobile-first interfaces. Additionally, students favor simple navigation that
minimizes the steps required to list or book a service, as this enhances the
overall user experience.

Integration with university systems, such as single sign-on via student portals, is
also crucial for streamlining access and improving usability. Frameworks like
React.js for the frontend and Node.js for the backend are commonly
recommended for such platforms due to their flexibility and performance
capabilities (Nguyen, 2023). Furthermore, utilizing cloud hosting services like
AWS or Azure ensures scalability as user demand grows, allowing the platform to
adapt to the needs of its users effectively.

5. Gaps in Existing Research

While existing studies confirm the demand for student business platforms, there
are notable gaps in the literature that warrant further exploration. One
significant area is the long-term sustainability of such platforms, including how
to fund and maintain them over time. Understanding the financial models that
can support these initiatives is crucial for their success. Additionally, university
policies regarding legal and administrative support for student businesses
remain underexplored, as these factors can significantly impact the viability

10
CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY
3.1 Waterfall Model
The Waterfall model is a linear sequential approach to software
development, where each phase must be completed before moving on to
the next. This methodology is well-suited for projects with well-defined
requirements and stable environments.

3.1.1 Requirements Analysis

Objective:

• Gather requirements from stakeholders, including the features,

functionalities, and constraints of the Uni service website.

• Document the requirements in detail, ensuring clarity and

completeness.

Steps:

1. Stakeholder Engagement: We identified key stakeholders for our

project, focusing on current campus students in the vicinity of the
University of Eldoret. By engaging with these stakeholders, we
aimed to gain insights into their experiences with purchasing
bicycles and understand their expectations for an improved
ecommerce platform.

2. Requirements Gathering: Through interviews, we delved into the

personal experiences of campus students regarding their bicycle
purchasing journeys. We sought to uncover the challenges they
faced, their preferences, and suggestions for enhancements to the
ecommerce platform.

3. Requirements Documentation: Following the stakeholder

engagement and requirements gathering phases, we meticulously
documented the gathered insights and expectations. The

11
requirements documentation encompasses a detailed breakdown of
desired features, functionalities, and constraints for the bicycle
ecommerce platform. Each requirement is thoroughly described,
with clear specifications, acceptance criteria, and any relevant
visual aids such as diagrams or mockups to ensure clarity and
understanding. This comprehensive documentation serveds as a
roadmap for the development team, guiding the implementation
process and ensuring alignment with stakeholder needs and project
objectives.

12
3.1.2. System Design
Client-Server Architecture

In this architecture, the client(browser) sends the requests to the server,

and the server processes the request if a request is valid then it responds
with the requested data to the client. The client hosts the user
interface(UI) while the server hosts the business logic and database.

Figure 1 Client-Server Architecture

Database schema

In order to support the backend functionality of the bicycle ecommerce

website, we will design a comprehensive database schema. The database
schema will serve as the foundation for storing and managing various data
entities, including product information, user data, orders, and
transactions.

13
 Figure 2 Database schema

The database schema will include the following entities:

1. Products - This entity will store information about the bicycles

available for sale on the website, including attributes such as bike
name, description, price, available quantity, category and inventory
status (either active or deleted).

2. Users: This entity will contain details about registered users of the
website, including customer profiles, login credentials, shipping
addresses, and order history.

3. Orders: This entity will capture information about individual orders

placed by customers, including order ID, user ID, order date, total
amount.

4. Order Items: This entity will represent the individual items

included in each order, including the product ID, quantity, and price
per item.

The database schema will be implemented using a relational database

management system (RDBMS), such as MySQL

14
User Authentication

• User Model: Stores user information, such as User ID

(autogenerated), username, password, email address, phone
number

• Signup: Allow users to register with a username, email, password

and potentially other relevant details. Validate username
uniqueness (ensure no duplicate usernames exist).

• Login: Verify user credentials (username and password) upon login

attempts

• Session Management: Maintain user sessions upon successful

login (e.g., using session tokens or cookies). Authenticate
subsequent requests by verifying these tokens/cookies.

Inventory Management

• Product Model: Create a data structure to store product

information, such as product ID, name, price, description, quantity,
and associated images (URLs).

• Stock Updates: Track product availability in real-time using an

inventory database. Deduct stock quantities from the database
whenever an order is placed for a particular product. Reflect stock
updates across the platform (user interface and search results).

Order Processing

1. Order Placement: Process orders initiated by users, including:

Validating product availability in the cart against current stock
levels. Calculating the total order amount based on product prices
and quantities. Provide options for users to enter payment
information securely (integrate with payment gateways).

2. Order Fulfillment: Upon successful payment, create a new order

record in the database with a status of “pending” awaiting the
admin to approve the order. The order -record should include details

15
 like user ID, product details (ID, quantity, price), total order amount,
and timestamps. Reduce the corresponding product stock levels in
the inventory database.

3. Order Tracking: Allow users to track the status of their orders

(processing, completed). Provide functionalities for order history

retrieval based on user ID. Additional Considerations

• Scalability: Design the backend to handle increasing numbers of

users, products, and orders efficiently. Consider technologies like
cloud databases and message queues.

• Security: Implement robust security measures to protect user data

(e.g., encrypted storage of passwords) and prevent unauthorized
access to the system. Regularly update software dependencies to
address vulnerabilities.

• Error Handling: Implement proper error handling mechanisms to

gracefully handle unexpected situations (e.g., out-of-stock
scenarios, payment failures) and provide informative messages to
the user.

• Logging and Auditing: Maintain order history even when items

are deleted from the database and system events for auditing
purposes and troubleshooting.

3.1.2.1 User Interfaces

16
Landing Page

Figure 3 Landing Page

Product Details Page

Figure 4 Product Details Page

17
User Sign-Up Page

Figure 5 User Sign-Up Page

User-Login Page

Figure 6 User Login Page

18
User Profile Page

Figure 7 User Profile Page

Admin Page

19
 Figure 8 Admin Page

After implementing the initial design for the bicycle ecommerce website,
we organized a stakeholder meeting where representatives from different
departments provided feedback on the user interface, functionality, and
overall user experience. We collected their suggestions and concerns
regarding the website's navigation, product presentation, checkout
process, and payment options.

Following the stakeholder meeting, we conducted usability testing

sessions with a group of target users selected from our customer base.
During these sessions, participants were asked to perform specific tasks
on the website while providing feedback on their experience. We observed
their interactions with the website, noted any issues they encountered,
and gathered insights into their preferences and expectations.

Based on the feedback received from both stakeholders and usability

testing sessions, we identified areas for improvement and refinement in
the website design. These insights were used to make necessary
adjustments to the user interface, streamline navigation pathways,
optimize the checkout process, and enhance the overall user experience.

20
3.1.2.2 Entity – Relationship Diagram

Figure 9 Entity - Relationship Diagram

21
3.1.2.3 Sequence Diagram

Figure 10 Sequence Diagram

3.1.2.4 Use Case Diagram

22
 Figure 11 Use case diagram

3.1.3 Implementation
With the design well illustrated and user feedback incorporated, the
implementation phase proceeded as follows:

1. Frontend Development: Using the detailed design specifications,

frontend development commenced with the creation of HTML/CSS
templates. These templates reflected the visual elements and layout
outlined in the design, ensuring consistency across all pages. This
guarantee optimal viewing experiences on various devices.

2. Client-Side Scripting: JavaScript was employed for client-side

scripting to enhance interactivity and user engagement. This included
implementing dynamic content loading, form validation, and
animations as per the design requirements.
We employed a JavaScript front-end library, React.js.

23
3. Backend Development: Backend development focused on building
the serverside logic to handle user requests and process data. Using a
suitable server-side language Node.js to create APIs to interact with the
frontend and facilitate communication with the database.

4. Database Integration: The database, configured based on the

schema design, was integrated into the backend system. Using SQL
queries, data gets stored, retrieved, and manipulated as required by
the application. The database ensures seamless management of user
information, product details, orders, and other relevant data.

5. Payment Gateway Integration: Payment gateway services were

integrated to enable secure online transactions. This involved setting
up APIs provided by payment service providers for example Google
Pay, and implementing encryption protocols such as HTTPS to
safeguard sensitive user information during payment processing.

3.1.4 Testing

1. Unit Testing: Each component of the application, both frontend and

backend, underwent unit testing to ensure individual functionalities
work as intended.
Testing frameworks such as Jest were employed.

2. Integration Testing: Integration testing verifies the interaction

between different modules of the application, ensuring seamless
communication and data flow between frontend, backend, and
database components.

3. Regression Testing: After implementing changes based on user

feedback, regression testing was performed to ensure that existing
functionalities remain intact and unaffected by the updates.

24
4. Performance Testing: The application's performance was evaluated
under various conditions, including different levels of user traffic and
data loads. Performance testing tools measure response times, server
performance, and scalability to identify and address any performance
bottlenecks.

3.1.5 Deployment:
Once all testing phases for the bicycle ecommerce website were
completed and the website was ready for release, the deployment phase
began:
1. Deployment Planning: Developed a deployment plan outlining the
steps and timelines for moving the website from the testing
environment to production servers. This plan included considerations
for server configurations, domain registration, and SSL certificate
installation.
2. Server Setup: Configured production servers with the necessary
software and settings to support the website. This included installing
web servers (e.g., Apache), database servers (e.g., MySQL), and any
other required dependencies.
3. Database Migration: We migrated the database from the testing
environment to the production servers. We also verified that all data
was transferred accurately and that database connections were
configured correctly in the website's backend code.
4. Testing in Production: Conducted final testing in the production
environment to ensure that the website functioned correctly and
performs well under real-world conditions. We tested all website
features, including browsing products, placing orders, and making
payments.
5. Monitoring and Backup Setup: We implemented monitoring tools to
track website performance, server health, and security threats. Set up

25
 regular backups of website data and configurations to mitigate the risk
of data loss in case of unexpected events.

3.1.6 Maintenance and Support:

After the bicycle ecommerce website was successfully setup, ongoing
maintenance and support are essential to ensure its smooth operation and
continued success:
1. Issue Resolution: Provide prompt support to address any issues or
bugs reported by users. Implement fixes and patches as needed to
maintain website functionality and performance.
2. Updates and Enhancements: Regularly review user feedback and
analytics data to identify areas for improvement. Implement updates
and enhancements to enhance user experience, add new features, or
address changing business requirements.
3. Security Updates: Stay vigilant against security threats by applying
security updates and patches to the website, server software, and
third-party dependencies. Regularly scan for vulnerabilities and
implement security best practices to protect user data and maintain
trust.
4. Performance Optimization: Continuously monitor website
performance and identify opportunities for optimization. This may
include optimizing code, improving server configurations, and
implementing caching mechanisms to reduce load times and improve
user experience.
5. Scalability Planning: Plan for future scalability by monitoring website
traffic trends and anticipating growth. Implement scalability measures
such as load balancing, caching, and scaling server resources as
needed to accommodate increasing demand.
6. User Training and Documentation: Provide training and
documentation to website administrators and staff members to ensure
they can effectively manage and operate the website. This includes

26
 instructions for content updates, order processing, and website
administration tasks.

3.2 Build and Fix

This methodology aims to provide the flexibility required for quick

adaptation to evolving requirements while ensuring a structured
framework for development and quality assurance.

Figure 12 Build and Fix

3.2.1. Iterative Development:

The development process is organized into iterative cycles, allowing for

the incremental delivery of features and functionalities.

27
Each iteration focused on addressing specific user stories and
requirements, with regular feedback sessions driving subsequent
iterations.

3.2.2. Agile Principles:

Agile principles, including collaboration, flexibility, and responsiveness to

change, were integrated into the development process.
Cross-functional teams collaborated closely with stakeholders to prioritize
tasks and made informed decisions throughout the project lifecycle.

3.2.3. Minimalistic Documentation:

While documentation is essential for ensuring knowledge transfer and

maintaining consistency, emphasis is placed on lean documentation
practices.
Documentation was kept concise and targeted, focusing on essential
aspects such as system architecture, key design decisions, and user
stories.

3.2.4. Continuous Feedback Loop:

A feedback-driven development approach was adopted, with stakeholders

actively involved in providing feedback on prototypes, mockups, and early
releases. Feedback was then collected through various channels, including
user interviews, usability testing, and stakeholder meetings, to inform
iterative improvements.

3.2.5. Rapid Prototyping:

Rapid prototyping techniques are utilized to quickly validate design

concepts and gather user feedback.

28
 Low-fidelity prototypes are iteratively refined based on user input,
enabling early identification of usability issues and design flaws.

3.2.6. Lightweight Testing and Bug Fixing:

Testing was integrated throughout the development process, with a focus

on identifying critical bugs and usability issues early on.
Automated testing tools are leveraged to streamline the testing process
and facilitate continuous integration and deployment.

3.2.7. Regular Review and Retrospective:

Regular review meetings are conducted to evaluate project progress,

identify bottlenecks, and adjust priorities as needed.
Retrospective sessions are held at the end of each iteration to reflect on
lessons learned, celebrate successes, and identify areas for improvement.

3.2.8. Balancing Speed and Quality:

While speed is important for meeting project deadlines and delivering

value to stakeholders, quality remains a top priority.
Trade-offs between speed and quality are carefully evaluated, with a focus
on delivering a robust and user-friendly e-commerce platform.

3.2.9. Transition to Structured Approach:

In summary, the methodology employed in the development of the e-commerce

platform for bike selling combines the flexibility of agile practices with the
structured framework of traditional development methodologies. By prioritizing
iterative development, continuous feedback, and a focus on quality, the project
aims to deliver a responsive and user-centric solution that meets the evolving
needs of stakeholders.

29
CHAPTER FOUR

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
4.1 Project scope
In our bicycle e-commerce website project, the primary objective is to
create a userfriendly online platform where customers can easily browse,
and purchase bicycles. This platform will serve as a one-stop-shop for all
bicycle enthusiasts, providing them with a wide range of options to choose
from.

Objective: Develop an online platform for selling bicycles and related

accessories to customers worldwide.

Scope:

• Design and develop a user-friendly website with intuitive navigation

and a visually appealing interface.

• Implement essential features such as product listings, product

management and secure checkout.

• Integrate payment gateways for seamless transactions

• Ensure compatibility with multiple devices (Desktop / Laptops) and

browsers to maximize accessibility for users.

Success Criteria:

• Maintain website uptime of 99.9% to minimize disruptions in service.

4.2. Project Stakeholders and Communication Channels:

Stakeholders:

Development Team: Includes web developers, designers, and testers

responsible for building and testing the website.

30
Customers: End-users of the website who provide valuable feedback on
usability and functionality.

Communication Channels:

Resource Allocation:

a) Team Members:

In a group of 4, we divided ourselves, each member to do a specific role

• Web Developers (2): Responsible for frontend and backend

development, ensuring functionality and performance.

• UI/UX Designer (1): Designs user interfaces and layouts to enhance the
website's visual appeal and usability.

• Quality Assurance Tester (1): Conducts thorough testing to identify and

rectify any bugs or issues before launch.

b) Budget
Category Item Cost

Development Payment Gateway Integration KES 4,000

Costs

Testing Costs Testing Tools and Software KES 1,500

Licenses
Hardware Costs Two Laptops KES 86,000

Internet Costs Internet Subscription Fees KES 13,000

Total Budget KES 154,000

Table 1 Budget Costs

c) Technology Infrastructure:

• Development Tools: Subscriptions to web development platforms,

design software, and testing tools.

31
 • Payment Gateways: Integration with trusted payment processors to
facilitate secure online transactions.

4.3. Project Planning

4.3.1 Project Plan

Phase Task Milestone Timeline

Requirement GatherIng Completion of Week 1-2

s requirements
requirements ering
Gathering gath
from
stakeholders
Design Creation wireframes Completion fronten Week 3-4
and mock-ups of design d

Development Implemented Completion fronten Week 5-6

frontend of d
development development
Development Implemented Completion backen Week 7-8
backend of d
development development
Testing Conducted usability Completion of usabilit Week 9-
y 10
testing testing

Deployment Website built ready Completion of Week 11-

for production deployment 12

Maintenance an Provide ongoing Ongoing process Continuo

Support d maintenance and postdeployment us

support for the

website
Table 2 Project Plan

32
4.3.2 Project Dependencies
In developing a bicycle ecommerce website, it's crucial to define project
dependencies and critical paths to ensure a smooth and timely delivery of
the final product. Let's outline these aspects for our project:

1. Identify the sequence of tasks:

• Task 1: Requirements gathering

• Task 2: Designing the user interface

• Task 3: Frontend development

• Task 4: Backend development

• Task 5: Database integration

• Task 6: Payment gateway integration

• Task 7: Testing

• Task 8: Deployment

• Task 9: Maintenance

2. Determine task dependencies:

• Task 2 depends on Task 1 (Design cannot start without

understanding requirements).

• Task 3 depends on Task 2 (Frontend development relies on

finalized designs).

• Task 4 depends on Task 3 (Backend development requires

completed frontend).

• Task 5 depends on Task 4 (Database integration relies on

backend functionality).

• Task 6 depends on Task 5 (Payment gateway integration requires

a functional database).

33
 • Task 7 depends on Task 6 (Testing can only start after
integration tasks are complete).

• Task 8 depends on Task 7 (Deployment follows successful

testing).
• Task 9 can start parallelly with Task 8 (Maintenance begins
postdeployment).

3. Identify critical paths:

• The critical path for our bicycle ecommerce website project is

Tasks 1-9.

• Any delay in completing these tasks will directly impact the

project's overall timeline.

• By understanding this critical path, we prioritized resources and

efforts to ensure these tasks are completed efficiently and on
time.

4.4. Implementing Agile Methodology

1. Utilizing Project Management Tools: To effectively track tasks,
assign responsibilities, and monitor progress, project management
tools such as Jira, Trello, or Asana were employed. These platforms
provided a centralized location for organizing tasks, setting deadlines,
and visualizing project workflows. Team members could easily update
task statuses, collaborate on assignments, and track overall progress in
real-time.

2. Maintaining Clear Communication Channels: Clear and

transparent communication channels were crucial to ensure that team
members remained aware of their responsibilities and deadlines.
Regular communication via platforms like Slack, Microsoft Teams, or
email facilitated information sharing, clarification of tasks, and
resolution of any issues or concerns. Additionally, periodic check-ins

34
 and team meetings allowed for open discussions and alignment on
project goals and objectives.

3. Regular Review of Project Metrics and KPIs: Project metrics and

key performance indicators (KPIs) were regularly reviewed to evaluate
progress and identify areas for improvement. Metrics such as task
completion rates, sprint velocity, and burndown charts provided
insights into project health and performance. By analyzing these
metrics, the project team could proactively address any bottlenecks,
adjust timelines, or reallocate resources as needed to ensure project
success.

4. Conducting Regular Project Status Meetings: Regular project

status meetings were held to facilitate discussions on progress, address
issues, and make necessary adjustments to the project plan. These
meetings provided an opportunity for team members to share updates,
discuss challenges, and collaborate on solutions. By maintaining open
communication and regularly reviewing project status, the team could
identify potential risks early and take proactive measures to mitigate
them.

4.5. Task Tracking and Progress Monitoring:

1. Breaking down project requirements:
Project requirements were broken down into smaller tasks to facilitate
easier management. For instance, instead of addressing "frontend
development" as a single task, it was divided into smaller tasks such as
"designing homepage layout" and "implementing product listing page."

2. Conducting regular sprint planning meetings:

Regular sprint planning meetings were conducted at the beginning of
each sprint, which typically lasted 2-4 weeks. During these meetings,
prioritized user stories from the product backlog were reviewed to
determine which ones would be addressed in the upcoming sprint.
Tasks were then assigned to team members based on their skills and
availability to ensure a balanced workload across the team.

35
3. Holding daily stand-up meetings:
Daily stand-up meetings were held by the project team each day
during the sprint. These short meetings, often referred to as daily
scrums, served to provide updates on progress. Team members shared
what they had accomplished since the last meeting, outlined their
plans for the next tasks, and discussed any obstacles or blockers they
had encountered. These meetings played a crucial role in keeping
everyone aligned, identifying potential issues early on, and fostering
collaboration among team members.

4.6. Quality Assurance and Testing

1. Developing a Comprehensive Testing Strategy: A comprehensive
testing strategy was developed to ensure the quality and reliability of
the bicycle ecommerce website. This strategy encompassed various
types of testing, including functional testing, usability testing,
performance testing, and security testing. Test cases were meticulously
designed to cover all aspects of the website's functionality and
features.

2. Implementing Automated Testing Tools and Frameworks:

Automated testing tools and frameworks were implemented to
streamline the testing process and identify bugs and issues early in the
development cycle. Tools such as Selenium for automated browser
testing and JUnit for unit testing were leveraged to automate repetitive
test scenarios and accelerate the testing process. This approach helped
improve testing efficiency and reduce manual effort.

3. Conducting Thorough Testing Across Different Devices and

Browsers: Thorough testing was conducted across a wide range of
devices, browsers, and user scenarios to verify functionality, usability,
and performance. Compatibility testing ensured that the website
rendered correctly and functioned optimally on various devices, screen
sizes, and operating systems. Cross-browser testing was performed to
validate consistent behaviour across popular web browsers such as
Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.
36
4. Involving Stakeholders and End-Users in User Acceptance
Testing (UAT): Stakeholders and end-users were actively involved in
user acceptance testing (UAT) to gather feedback and validate that the
website met their requirements and expectations. UAT sessions were
organized to allow stakeholders and real endusers to interact with the
website, perform common tasks, and provide feedback on usability,
design, and functionality. Their input was invaluable in identifying any
remaining issues or areas for improvement before the website's launch.

4.6. Change Management:

1. Establishing a Formal Change Management Process: A formal

change management process was established to handle scope
changes, requirements updates, and other project modifications
effectively. This process defined the steps and procedures for
requesting, evaluating, approving, and implementing changes to the
project.

2. Documenting Change Requests: Change requests were documented

thoroughly to capture the details of proposed modifications, including
the rationale behind the change, the anticipated benefits, and any
potential risks or impacts on the project. Each change request was
assigned a unique identifier for tracking purposes and logged in the
change management system.

3. Assessing Impact on Project Scope, Schedule, and Budget: Upon

receiving a change request, the project team conducted a thorough
assessment to evaluate its impact on project scope, schedule, and
budget. This assessment considered factors such as resource
requirements, timeline adjustments, and cost implications to determine
the feasibility and consequences of implementing the change.

37
4. Obtaining Approval from Project Stakeholders: Change requests
were presented to project stakeholders for review and approval before
implementation. Stakeholders were provided with relevant information
and analysis to help them make informed decisions about whether to
approve, reject, or defer the proposed changes. Approval from
stakeholders was obtained through formal sign-off procedures to
ensure accountability and alignment with project goals.

5. Communicating Updates to the Project Team and Relevant

Stakeholders: Once a change request was approved, updates were
communicated promptly to the project team and relevant stakeholders.
This included informing team members about any adjustments to
project scope, schedule, or budget, as well as providing clarity on their
roles and responsibilities in implementing the approved changes.
Effective communication helped maintain transparency and alignment
throughout the change management process.

38
CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION
Firstly, we started by gathering requirements from potential users and
stakeholders. We conducted surveys and interviews to understand their
needs and preferences. Based on this feedback, we developed a plan for
the platform's design and functionality.

Next, we moved on to the implementation phase. We used agile

methodologies to manage the development process efficiently. This
involved breaking down the project into smaller tasks and prioritizing
them based on user feedback and business objectives. We then developed
the platform iteratively, regularly delivering updates to incorporate new
features and improvements.

For the implementation overview, we focused on creating a user-friendly

interface that makes it easy for buyers and sellers to navigate the
platform. We ensured that the platform provides clear information about
products and supports secure transactions. Additionally, we implemented
features such as personalized recommendations and responsive customer
support to enhance the user experience.

As for the sample code, below is a simplified example of how we

implemented SQL query to select all orders along with user details:

app.get('/orders', (req, res) => {

// Execute SQL query to select all orders along with user details
connection.query('SELECT orders.id AS order_id, orders.user_id,
users.username, users.email, order_items.product_id,
order_items.quantity, order_items.price_per_unit, order_items.status,
orders.order_date, products.name FROM orders JOIN order_items ON
orders.id = order_items.order_id JOIN products ON order_items.product_id
= products.id JOIN users ON orders.user_id = users.id', (err, results) => {

39
 if (err) {

console.error('Error fetching orders:', err.stack);

res.status(500).json({ error: 'Internal server error' });

return;

// If no orders found if (results.length

=== 0) { res.status(404).json({ error:

'No orders found' }); return;

// Orders found, send back the order data

res.status(200).json(results);

});

});

40
 Figure 13 Sample Code

in addition to the implementation, we also developed screen displays to

showcase the platform's features, such as product listings, search
functionality, and checkout process. These displays were designed to be
visually appealing and easy to use, ensuring a positive user experience.

For gathering data, we implemented functionality to gather and organize

information related to user interactions, product listings, and transactions.
This involved creating databases to store user profiles, product details,
and transaction history. By effectively organizing and managing this data,
we were able to provide personalized recommendations, track user
behaviour, and generate insights to improve the platform's performance.

In terms of outcomes, our implementation efforts resulted in a functional

and userfriendly online bike buying and selling platform. Users can easily

41
browse through product listings, view detailed product information, and
make secure transactions. The platform also offers personalized
recommendations based on user preferences and browsing history,
enhancing the overall shopping experience.

Furthermore, our implementation approach allowed for scalability and

flexibility, enabling us to adapt to changing user needs and market trends.
We incorporated feedback from users and stakeholders throughout the
development process, iteratively improving the platform based on their
input.

Overall, our implementation efforts culminated in the successful creation

of an online bike retail platform that prioritizes user experience,
convenience, and trust. By focusing on user feedback, implementing key
features, and leveraging data-driven insights, we have created a platform
that meets the needs of both buyers and sellers in the online bike retail
market.

CHAPTER SIX

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, our project successfully developed an online bike buying
and selling platform that prioritizes user experience, convenience, and
trust. Through careful planning, implementation, and iteration, we created
a user-friendly interface that enables seamless transactions and
personalized recommendations. By incorporating user feedback and
leveraging data-driven insights, we have ensured that the platform meets
the needs of both buyers and sellers in the online bike retail market.

Looking ahead, we recommend continuing to gather user feedback and

monitor platform performance to identify areas for improvement. This
could involve implementing additional features based on user requests,
refining existing functionalities to enhance usability, and exploring
opportunities for expanding the platform's reach and impact. Additionally,
ongoing maintenance and updates will be necessary to ensure the

42
platform remains secure, reliable, and up-to-date with evolving technology
and user expectations.

Overall, our project has laid a strong foundation for further development
and innovation in the online bike retail space. By continuing to prioritize
user-centric design and responsiveness to user needs, we can further
enhance the platform's effectiveness and cement its position as a valuable
resource for both buyers and sellers in the online bike market.

In wrapping up our project, we've successfully created an online bike

marketplace that's easy to use and helpful for both buyers and sellers.
We've listened to feedback, made improvements, and built a platform that
people can trust.

Moving forward, we suggest keeping an eye on how people use the

platform and what they want. This means asking for feedback regularly
and making changes based on what we learn. We might also think about
adding new features or making things even easier to use.

Lastly, we need to keep the platform running smoothly. This means fixing
any problems quickly and keeping everything up-to-date. By doing these
things, we can make sure our platform stays helpful and keeps people
coming back.

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47
Appendix A: Survey Questions

How often do you purchase bikes online?

What factors influence your decision to buy a bike online?

What features do you look for in an online bike marketplace?

How important is user experience when browsing for bikes online?

What improvements would you like to see in existing online bike

marketplaces?

48