1.

Discuss the advantages of satellite communication over terrestrial

communication. List the specific frequency bands in which satellite audio, video
and data services are provided.
2. Explain the earth eclipse of satellite and sun transit outage with necessary
diagrams.
3. Determine the angle of tilt required for a polar mount antenna used with an earth
station at latitude 49° north. Assume a spherical earth of mean radius 6371 km
and acso = 42164 km (Radius of geostationary orbit).
4. Explain the various services provided by satellites and frequency band of their
operation.
5. State and explain the Kepler's laws of planetary motion with necessary diagrams.
6. Calculate the radial distance of a GEO satellite orbiting earth. Assume the radius
of earth is equal to 6378 km, Kepler's constant µ= 3.9860x105 km³/sec².
7. Discuss the effect of rain water on satellite signal with appropriate expressions.
8. Derive an expression for Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) of a satellite link.
9. Estimate the combined uplink (C/N)u for a satellite link having saturation flux
density of -91.4 dBW/m², effective area of antenna of -44.4 dB and an input back-
off (Bo) of 11 dB. The satellite (G/T) is -6.7dBK-1, receiver feeder losses amount
to 0.6 dB and Boltzmann constant k= -228.6 dB
10. Explain the relative levels in a transponder with the typical diagram.
11. Discuss the function of a redundant earth station with a block diagram.
12. Estimate the aperture size of a Ku-band antenna operating at 20 GHz to cover a
field of view of 0.5°
13. Describe the TT & C subsystem performance with the help of a block diagram.
14. Explain what is meant by satellite attitude and briefly describe the two forms of
attitude control
15. Calculate the frame efficiency for an INTELSAT frame using the following
information:
16. Total frame length = 120,832 symbols
17. Traffic bursts per frame = 14
18. Reference bursts per frame = 2
19. Preamble = 280 symbols
20. Guard interval = 103 symbols
21. Coordination and delay channel = 8 symbols.
22. 16. Discuss the mission objectives of the two Indian interplanetary space
missions namely Chandrayan-1 and Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) carried out by
ISRO.
23. 17. Explain the features of very small aperture satellite system.
24. 18. Calculate the Eb/No ratio for a DBS TV with EIRP = 55 dB, G/T ratio = 10 dB,
losses = 207 dB, Rb = 76 dBps and k = -228 dB.
25. 19. Show that the Kepler's third law is useful in deriving a relationship between
the period and distance of a satellite from earth.
26. 20. Find the racial distance of a GEO satellite orbiting earth. Given the Radius of
earth=6378kms, Kepler's constant=9.986x105 km³/sec².
27. 21. Explain the six orbital parameters that are required for locating a satellite in
pace and indicate their importance.
28. 22. Determine the apogee and perigee heights of the orbital parameter having
eccentricity=0.0011501. Assume a mean earth radius=6371kms.
29. 23. An antenna has a noise temperature of 35 K and is matched into a receiver
which has a noise temperature of 100K. Calculate (i) noise power density
30. (ii) noise power for a bandwidth of 36 MHz.
31. 24. Discuss briefly about the effect of rain water on satellites.
32. 25. Distinguish between the impairments caused by earth's atmosphere and
Ionosphere on the propagation of radio signals.
33. 26. Derive an expression of a carrier power to noise power ratio in decibel at the
satellite receiver input.
34. 27. Explain how the GEO satellites are advantageous in providing global
communication.
35. 28. Show that the Keplers third law is useful for deriving a relationship between
the period and distance of the satellite from earth.
36. 29. Calculate the distance of a GEO satellite having a period of one sidereal day.
Keplers constant = 3.9860 x 105 Km³/sec² (Sidereal day=23 Hrs, 56 Mts and 4
secs).
37. 30. Discuss the perturbations caused by non uniform earth on satellite orbits with
appropriate expressions.
38. 31. Determine expressions for satellite look angles (Azimuth and Elevation) of a
GEO satellite.
39. 32. Calculate the Azimuth and Elevation angles of a satellite at an earth station
with coordinates (35°N, 100°W) and satellite is located at 90°W and a geo = 42,164
kms and ae=6371 Kms coordinates.
40. 33. Distinguish between the impairments caused by earth's atmosphere and
Ionosphere on the propagation of radio signals
41. 34. Determine the C/N ratio for a satellite uplink taking into account input back
off.
42. 35. An uplink with saturated flux density= -90 dBW/m² Ao =-40 dB and input back
off 12 dB. The satellite G/T = - 8.7 dBK-1 and receiver feeder losses: 0.8 dB, k= -
228 dB. Calculate the uplink C/N ratio for the satellite link.
43. 36. Explain the major functions of a satellite transponder with a block diagram.
44. 37. Distinguish between different types of beams produced by satellite antennas
to meet global communications
45. 38.Calculate the size of a antenna at 20 GHz to cover a satellite beam of 0.5°
46. 39. Elaborate on the design of a satellite Ku Band DBS TV/FM receiver system
with a block diagram.
47. 40. Explain the configuration of CATV system and its advantages.
48. 41. Discuss thermal control for a satellite in space.
49. 42. Explain how the FDM-FM FDMA satellite multiple access system can be
achieved for telephone communications.
50. 43. Discuss TDMA frame structure for satellite transmission using schematic.
51. 44. Calculate the number of stations participating in a CDMA transmission with
S/N = 12 dB and a PN sequence = 1023 bits
52. 45. Explain the concept of frequency reuse. How it is achieved in allocation of
frequencies in KU band INTELSAT satellite communication system.
53. 46. Illustrate the functioning of a Home Receiver indoor unit of a DBS Ku Band
satellite receiver system with a block diagram.
54. 47. Calculate the C/N ratio for DBS indoor receiver system having a transponder
output 100 dB path loss 206 dB receiving antenna gain 35 dB and other losses 2
dB and receiver noise power -125 dB and k =-228 dB.
55. 48. Explain the GPS position location finding concepts and functioning of a GPS
satellite system.
56. 49. Draw a comparison between three different satellite mobile system.
57. 50. Discuss the mission objectives of Indian Chandrayan 1 mission to moon.
58. Define the following terms.
(1) Apogee and Perigee
(2) Line of nodes
(3) Retrograde orbit.

59. Determine the eccentricity of a satellite orbit with Perigee height 1000 kms and
Apogee height 4000 kms.

60. Explain MATV system with a neat diagram.

61. Explain the functions of a satellite transponder.

62. Explain how attitude control of a satellite can be achieved for a satellite in an
orbit.

63. With a neat diagram, explain the function of a satellite DBS TV/FM receiver
system.

64. Explain the role of TT&C in ground control of a satellite with a schematic.
65. Explain MATV system with a neat diagram.
66. Explain the need for a reference burst in a TDMA system.
67. Explain the Demand Access FDMA scheme for spade system adopted by
INTELSAT satellites.
68. Explain in detail the the operation of a preassigned SCPC network.
(1) b) What is the function of burst code word and
69. carrier and bit timing recovery channel in a TDMA burst?
70. Discuss advantages of satellite communications over terrestrial communication.
List the specific frequency bands in which satellite audio, video and data services
are provided.
71. Derive an expression for the relationship between the period of a satellite and the
radial distance from earth using Newton's gravitational theory.

72. Calculate the period of a MEO satellite orbiting at a radial distance of 20,000
Kms from earth. Assume earth radius R=6371 Kms and Kepler's
constant=3.98x105 km³/sec².

73. Deduce the six orbital parameters of a satellite orbiting in an elliptical orbit
around the earth with appropriate diagram.

74. Derive expressions for determining the elevation and azimuth of a satellite at an
earth station using spherical geometry.

75. Calculate the rate of regression of nodes caused by non spherical earth on a
satellite orbiting in an elliptical with an inclination i=98°, eccentricity of orbit
e=0.0011, mean motion of satellite=14.23°/day, semi major axis=7192 kms and
constant K1=66063 Kms

76. Briefly explain the propagation impairments caused by earth's atmosphere and
ionosphere on satellite signals.

77. Discuss various types of losses suffered by satellite signal transmitted to earth.
Deduce an an expression for the total loss incurred by the satellite signal in dB.
78.
79. Calculate the Uplink (C/N)u ratio of a satellite link with saturated flux density of
the transmitted signal=-90dB, effective area of the receiving antenna at 14 GHz=
-40dB input back off=10dB, satellite saturation (G/T)= -8dB, RFL=0.5dB and
Boltzmann constant k= -228dB
80.
81. Using an appropriate diagram, explain how the attitude control of a satellite can
be achieved for a satellite in orbit.
82.
83. Discuss how power systems and thermal systems function on satellite. And bring
out their limitations.
84.
85. With a neat schematic explain the functions of a satellite transponder.
86.
87. Discuss the demand access FDMA scheme for spade system adopted by
INTELSAT satellite.
88.
89. Explain the CDMA access system with an example. Why it is better suited for
providing satellite services?
90.
91. Calculate the symbol rate that can be transmitted in a given bandwidth of 24MHz
with a roll off factor 0.2. Extend the results to determine the bit rate for QPSK
transmission.
92.
93. Using an appropriate schematic explain the spade multiplexing system
developed by INTELSAT system.
94.
95. Distinguish between FDMA and TDMA multiple access system.
96.
97. Calculate the time available for ach station burst for transmission of data bits in a
TDMA frame with frame duration=2ms, preamble/station=20us and guard
band=5us used between bursts for a TDMA network of 10 stations.
98.
99. Explain the function of a DBS-indoor unit with a block diagram.
100.
101. Discuss the advanced display technologies used in HD TV.
102.
103. Calculate the Eb/No ratio for a DBS TV with EIRP=55dB. G/T ratio 10dB
losses 207dB and Rb=76dBps k= -228dg
104.
105. Discuss the signal and code generation by a GPS satellite with a block
diagram.
106.
107. Examine the different architectures used for VSAT networks.
108.
109. Define the following terms:
110. i) Apogee and Perigee ii) Line of nodes ii) Prograde orbit
111.
112. Describe the polar orbit in relation to the geostationary orbit with aid of
figure.
113.
114. Determine which of the following years leap years are: i) 1987, ii) 1988, iii)
2000, iv) 2100 and also calculate the v) time in days, vi) hours, vii) minutes, and
vii) seconds for the epoch day 324.95616765.
115.
116. Explain what is meant by the geostationary orbit, mention conditions
required for an orbit to be geostationary. How do the geostationary orbit and a
geosynchronous orbit differ?
117.
118. Determine the limits of visibility for an earth station situated mean sea
level, at latitude 48.42° north, and longitude 89.26 degrees west. Assume a
minimum angle of elevation of 5°.
119.
120. Derive expressions for determining the elevation and Azimuth of a satellite
at an earth station using spherical geometry.
121.
122. Derive an expression for the CNR (Carrier-to-Noise Ratio) of a satellite
link.
123.
124. Discuss briefly about the effect of rain water on satellites.
125.
126. Describe the TT&C subsystem performance with help of block diagram.
127.
128. Briefly describe active control of the form of attitude control satellite
attitude.
129.
130. Explain the function of a redundant earth station with a block diagram.
131.
132. Determine the carrier-to-interference ratio:
133. i) The desired carrier [EIRP] from a satellite is 34 dBW, and the ground
station receiving antenna gain is 44 dB in the desired direction and 24.47 dB
toward the interfacing satellite. The polarization discrimination is 4 dB. Determine
the carrier-to- interference ratio at the ground receiving antenna.
134. ii) Station A transmits at 24 dBW with an antenna gain of 54 dB, and
station C transmits at 30 dBW. The off-axis gain in the S1 direction is 24.47 dB,
and the polarization discrimination is 4 dB. Calculate the [C/I] ratio on the uplink.
135. iii) Using the uplink and downlink values of [C/I find the overall ratio
[C/I]ant.

136. Define Passband interference and write the equation for passband [C/I]
137. A satellite transponder has a bandwidth of 36 MHz and saturation EIRP of
27 dBW. The earth-station receiver has a [G/T] of 30dB/K, and the total link
losses are 196 dB. The transponder is accessed by FDMA carries each of 3-MHz
bandwidth, and 6-dB output backoff is employed. Calculate the downlink carrier-
to-noise ratio for single-carrier operation and the number of carriers which can be
accommodated in the FDMA system. Compare this with the number which could
be accommodated if no backoff were needed. The carrier-to-noise ratio
determined for single-carrier operation may be taken as the reference value, and
it may be assumed that the uplink noise and intermodulation noise are negligible.

138. Illustrate the channeling scheme for the Spade system.

139. Explain the techniques adapted for increasing the capacity (band width) of
a satellite transponder.

140. Discuss the frequency plan adopted for DBS satellite system with 24 MHz
band width in the Ku band 17.66/12.22GHz range. c) Explain the following
Compression Standards for digital TV, i) 4:4:4 ii) 4:2:2 iii) 4:2:0

141. Write the block schematic for indoor unit (IDU) and explain.

142. Discuss in brief the advanced display technologies used in HD TV and

Video Frequency Bandwidth.

143. Explore the function of a satellite DBS TV/FM receiver system with a block
diagram