EEE 4352: Course Outline

Transformers:
Introduction to three-phase transformers, constructional features, parallel operation;
autotransformers, multi-winding transformers and instrument transformers.
DC machines:
Armature reaction; commutation; Steady-state load characteristics of dc motors and
generators. Constructional features.
Polyphase synchronous machine:
Concept of synchronous operation; theory of synchronous operation; theory of synchronous
machine with uniform airgap; Equivalent circuit, voltage equation, typical phasor diagrams,
electrical power as a function of load angle; operating characteristics with constant power and
varying excitation, relationship to phasor diagram; torque angle.
Polyphase induction machine:
Transition from synchronous to asynchronous operation; derivation of exact equivalent circuit;
modification of exact equivalent circuit by application of Thevenin theorem; 'rotor current'
mechanical power, torque, conditions for maximum torque; effect of rotor resistance on
current and torque characteristics; determination and use of parameters.
Commissioning and testing:
Specifications, testing, and commissioning of transformers and machines.
Prerequisites
EEE 3352
Time Allocation
Lectures 4 hours/ week
Laboratory/Tutorials 3 hours/week
Assessment
Continuous Assessment
Assignments 5%
Laboratory 15%
Tests 20%
Examination 60%
Prescribed Books
1. Fitzgerald A.E., Kinsley C., Umans S.D., Electric machinery, 6th ed., (2003), McGraw-Hill,
New York, USA, ISBN 0073660094.
Recommended Readings
1. Boldea, I. Tutelea L.N., Electric machines: steady state, transients, and design with
MATLAB, (2009), Taylor & Francis, ISBN 1420055720, 9781420055726.
2. Kothari, D.P. and Nagrath, I.J., Electric machines, (2003), 3rd ed., Tata McGraw-Hill,
ISBN 0-07-058377-3.
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COURSE: EEE 4352 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

ATTENTION: REDATE.S.Endalamaw

DUE DATE: 28th JULY 2025.

ASSIGNMENT ONE

Home work 1

A 3-phase transformer bank consisting of three 1-phase transformers is used to step down the
voltage of a 3-phase, 6600 V transmission line. If the primary line current is 10 A,

Calculate the secondary line voltage, line current and output kVA for the following connections:
(a) Y/D (b) D/Y.

The turns ratio is 12. Neglect losses

Home work 2
A600-kVA, single-phase transformer with 0.012 pu resistance and 0.06 pu reactance is connected
in parallel with a 300-kVA transformer with 0.014 pu resistance and 0.045 pu reactance to share
a load of 800 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging. Find how they share the load

(a) When both the secondary voltages are 440 V.

(b) What is the maximum kVA loading required for any of the two transformers not to be
overloaded?

Home work 3

Home work 4

A 6000 V/100 V, 50 Hz potential transformer has the following parameters as seen from HV side.
R1 = 780 Ω, X1 =975Ω, Xm=443kΩ, R’2=907Ω, X’2= 1075Ω

(a)The primary is excited at 6500 V and the secondary is left open. Calculate the secondary
voltage, magnitude and phase.

(b)The secondary is loaded with 1 kΩ resistance, repeat part

(c)The secondary is loaded with 1 kΩ reactance, repeat part

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ASSIGNMENT TWO

Home work 5

1. What is the function of carbon brush used in DC generator?

2. Distinguish between lap winding and wave winding used in dc machine.

3. Write the number of parallel paths in a lap and wave connected windings

4. Name the three things required for the generation of emf.

5. What is the basic difference between dc generator and dc motor?

6 Write down the emf equation of dc generator. Give the meaning of each symbol

7. What is pole pitch?

8. How can the voltage in a DC generator be increased?

9. What do you mean by residual flux in DC generator?

10. Why are carbon brushes preferred for dc machines?

Home work 6

A 250 kW, 500 V, 4 pole lap wound armature has 720 conductors. It is given a brush lead of 3°
mechanical from its geometrical neutral axis (GNA). Calculate demagnetizing and cross
magnetizing ampere-turns per pole. Neglect shunt field current.

Home work 7

Calculate the reactance voltage for a six-pole wave connected generator if its speed is 300 rpm,
diameter of commutator 1.4-meter, number of commutator segments 440, brush width 3 cm,
length of each conductor 1 m, length of core 40 cm, turns per commutator segment 2 and
armature current is 500 ampere.

Home work 8
A four-pole DC shunt generator with a wave wound armature having 390 conductors has to
supply a load of 500 lamps each of 100 W at 250 V. Allowing 10 V for the voltage drop in the
connecting leads between the generator and the load and brush drop of 2 V. Calculate the speed
at which the generator should be driven. The flux per pole is 30 m Wb and the value of Ra =
0·05 ohms and Rsh = 65 ohms.

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Home work 9

A 220 V DC series motor draws full-load line current of 38 A at the rated speed of 500 rpm. The
series field and armature resistance of the motor is 0.2 ohm and 0.4 ohm respectively.
Considering brush drop as 3.0 V irrespective of the load and neglecting armature reaction, find: •
(i) The speed of the motor when the load current drops to 19A

(ii) The speed on removal of load when the motor takes only 1A from supply.

(iii) The internal horse power developed in each of the above cases.

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 THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
EEE 4352: Electrical Machines I
Tutorial Sheet 3: Synchronous Machines
Question One
A 3.3 kV, 3 phase star connected synchronous generator has full load current of 100 A.
Under shot circuit condition, it takes 5 A field current to produce full load short circuit
current. The open circuit voltage is 900 V (line to line). Determine synchronous reactance
per phase and voltage regulation for 0.8 pf lagging. Take armature resistance to be
0.8Ω/phase.

Question Two
A 762 kVA, 2200 V, 50 Hz, three-phase, star connected alternator has an effective
resistance of 0.8 ohm per phase. A field current of 30 A produces a full-load current on
short circuit and a line to line emf of 1040 V on open circuit. Determine the power angle
of the alternator when it delivers full load at 0.8 p.f lagging.
[Hint: neglecting the armature resistance, power developed is equal to the power rating of
the machine]

Question Three
A 3-phase hydroelectric synchronous generator is read to be 110 MW, 0.8 pf lagging, 6-
kV, Y- connected, 50 Hz, 100-rpm. Determine:
i. the number of poles
ii. the kVA rating
iii. the prime-mover rating if the full-load generator efficiency is 97.1 % (leave out
field loss).
Question Four
A 500 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase load draws 20 A at 0.8 power factor lagging. A synchronous
motor is used to raise the power factor to unity. Calculate the kVA input to the motor, and
its power factor when driving a mechanical load of 7.5 kW. The motor has an efficiency of
85%.
Question Five
A 1000 kVA, 11 kV, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor has an armature resistance
and reactance per phase of 3.5 Ω and 40 Ω respectively. Determine the induced emf and
angular retardation of the rotor when fully loaded at;
i. Unity power factor,
ii. 0.8 power factor lagging
iii. 0.8 power factor leading.
Question Six
A 3-, star-connected 6600 V synchronous motor has synchronous reactance per phase of
20 Ω, for a certain load the input is 1000 kW at normal voltage and the induced line emf is
8500 V. Determine the line current and power factor.
Question Six
A given 3-MVA, 50-Hz, 11-kV, 3-, Y-connected alternator when supplying 100 A at zero
power factor leading has a line-to-line voltage of 12370 V; when the is removed, the
terminal voltage falls down to 11000 V. Predict the regulation of the alternator when
supplying full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging. Assume an effective resistance of 0.4 Ω/phase.
Practice Questions
1. What happens if the excitation of a synchronous motor is varied at constant load?
2. How a synchronous motor can be used as a synchronous condenser?
3. Why dampers are used in a synchronous motor?
4. How is a synchronous motor started?
5. In what operating condition is a synchronous motor referred to as a synchronous
condenser? How is this condition achieved?
6. Briefly describe the phenomenon of “hunting” in a synchronous motor. How is it
rectified?
7. What is meant by the statement that a synchronous machine is ‘floating’ on the bus
bars?
8. Elaborate the statement that an unloaded synchronous motor can be made to act as
a capacitor or as an inductor.
9. How can the speed of a synchronous motor be varied?
10. In what manner does a synchronous motor adjust itself to an increasing shaft load?
 THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
EEE 4352: Electrical Machines I
Tutorial sheet 4: Polyphase Induction Machine

1. A 3-phase, 6-pole induction motor is supplied from a 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply.

If it is operating at full-load with 0.04 slip, determine:
i. The speed of the revolving field relative to the stator structure.
ii. The frequency of the rotor currents.
iii. The speed of the rotor mmf relative to the rotor structure.
iv. The speed of the rotor mmf relative to the stator structure.
v. The speed of the rotor mmf relative to the stator field distribution.
vi. Are the conditions right for the development of the net unidirectional torque?

2. A 3-phase induction motor, with star-connected rotor, has an induced emf per phase
of 60 V with the sliprings open circuited and normal voltage applied to stator. The
resistance and standstill reactance of each rotor phase are 0·6 ohm and 0·4 ohm
respectively. Calculate the rotor current per phase:
i. At standstill when the rotor circuit is connected to a star-connected rheostat
having a resistance of 5 ohm and reactance 2 ohm per phase;
ii. When running with slip rings short-circuited at 4% slip.

3. A 3-phase induction motor has a 4-pole, star-connected stator winding. The motor
runs at a ling voltage of 400 V, 50 Hz supply. The motor resistance and stand-still
reactance per phase are 0·1 ohm and 1 ohm respectively. The ratio of stator to rotor
turns is 4. Calculate:
i. Starting torque;
ii. Full load torque, when the slip is 4%;
iii. Slip at which maximum torque occurs and rotor speed;
iv. Maximum torque;
v. Value of additional rotor resistance per phase to obtain maximum torque at
start.
4. A 6-pole, 50-Hz, 3-phase induction motor running on full load develops a useful
torque of 160 Nm when the rotor emf makes 120 complete cycles per minute.
Calculate the shaft power output. If the mechanical torque lost in friction and that
for core-loss is 10 Nm. Compute;
i. The copper-loss in the rotor windings,
ii. The input to the motor, and
iii. The efficiency
The total stator loss is given to be 800 W.