COURSE: Engineering Mathematics I – ECE/EAC Stream
COURSE CODE: 23MAT124
Tutorial-1
UNIT-III: Matrix Algebra
1. Are the set of vectors {[2, 1, 0, 1], [3, 7 ,-1, 5], [5, 8, -1, 6]} linearly independent or dependent? If found
dependent find a relation between them.
2. Determine if each of the following set of vectors are linearly independent or linearly dependent.
a) v1 (1, 1, 1, 2); v 2 ( 2, 2, 0, 2); v 3 (2, 8, 3, 1).
b) v1 (1, 2, 3, 4); v 2 ( 1, 3, 4, 2); v 3 (1, 1, 2, 2).
c) v1 (3, 1); v 2 ( 4, 5); v3 ( 4, 7).
d) v1 (0, 3, 3, 6); v 2 ( 2, 0, 0, 6); v3 (0, 4, 2 , 2) ; v 4 (0, 8, 4, 4).
3. Determine if each of the following set of vectors are linearly independent or linearly dependent. If they
v (0, 1, 1,0); v 2 (1, 0, 1, 0); v3 (1,1,0 , 0)
are dependent, find the relation between them. 1
4. If the rank of a 100×200 matrix A is 50, what is the rank of the following matrices ?
(i) 5A and (ii) AT
5. Find the rank of the following matrices.
3 1 4 1 1 1 0 0 0
2 3
5 ⎢
⎡2 2 2 0 0 0⎤
⎥
a) 5 ⎢3 3 3 0 0 0⎥.
2 9 b) ⎢0 0 0 4 4 4⎥
7 5 14 ⎢⎣0 0 0 5 5 5⎥
0 0 0 6 6 6⎦
1 2 3 1
6. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ such that the rank of A 2 1 1 2 is (a) 3 (b) 2.
6 2 a b
7. In an electrical circuit, the matrix 𝐴 represents the system of equations derived from Kirchhoff's Current
Law (KCL) or Voltage Law (KVL). Determine the rank of matrix 𝐴 by applying elementary row
transformation to verify if the circuit is fully solvable, ensuring all node voltages or mesh currents can
1 2 2 4
be uniquely determined 𝐴 = 2 3 4 6 .
3 5 6 10
4 −1 −3 2
1 1 t
8. Find the value of t, if the rank of A 1 t 1 is two.
t 1 1
1
0 1 −3 −1
1 0 1 1
9. Find the Rank of a Matrix A= .
3 1 0 2
1 1 −2 0
10. In an electrical circuit, the matrix 𝐴 represents the system of equations derived from Kirchhoff's Current
Law (KCL) and Voltage Law (KVL). Determine the rank of matrix 𝐴 to verify if the circuit is fully
solvable, ensuring all node voltages or mesh currents can be uniquely determined. Given 𝐴 =
−2 −1 −3 −1
1 2 3 −1 .
1 0 1 1
0 1 −1 −1
11. The following system of linear equations, derived from Kirchhoff's laws, governs the circuit behavior.
Solve these equations by using the Gauss elimination method to determine the current in each branch of
the circuit. 2𝑖 + 𝑖 + 3𝑖 = 1; 4𝑖 + 4𝑖 + 7𝑖 = 1, ; 2𝑖 + 5𝑖 + 9𝑖 = 3.
12. The following system of linear equations, derived from Kirchhoff's laws, governs the circuit behavior.
Solve these equations by using the Gauss elimination method to determine the current in each branch of
the circuit.: 𝑖 − 𝑖 + 𝑖 = 0, −𝑖 + 𝑖 − 𝑖 = 0, 2𝑖 + 5𝑖 = 18, 4𝑖 + 2𝑖 = 16,
13. Solve the following system of equations:
x1 3 x 2 2 x 3 0
x y 2z 9 x y 2z 5
2 x1 6 x 2 5 x 3 0
a) 2x 4 y 3z 1 b) 3x y z 8 c) 5 x1 10 x 2 15 x 3 0
3x 6 y 5z 0 2x 2 y 3z 7 2 x1 6 x 2 4 x 3 0
14. In an electrical circuit, consider a system of equations modeling the voltage drops across different
components. Determine for what values of k the system of equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 =
𝑘, and 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 𝑘 , possesses a solution. Solve completely in each case.
15. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ for which the given system has (i) unique solution, (ii) infinitely many
solutions and (iii) no solution.
x yz 6
x 2 y 3 z 10
x 2 y az b
16. In an electrical circuit, consider a system of equations modeling the voltage drops across different
components. Test the consistency of the system and solve for the voltages 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧, 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 𝑧 =
−3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑧 = −9.
17. Find the eigenvalues and, eigenvectors of the given matrices
2
1 0 0 2 2 1 4 6 6
1 2
a) A b) A 2 2 0 d) A 1 3 1 e) A 0 2 0
5 4
2 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 1
4 1
18. If A , find the eigenvalues of A, A 2 , A 1 ,5 A 1 , 7 A 3 .
3 2
4 −6 −6
19. If 2 is an eigenvalue of the matrix 𝐵 = 0 −2 0 , find the other two eigenvalues.
1 −1 −1
20. If the characteristic polynomial of a matrix A is 𝜆 − 3𝜆 + 5𝜆 + 𝜆, then what is the size of A ? Is A
invertible?
0 0
21. What is the algebraic multiplicity and geometric multiplicity of each eigenvalues of A ?
0 0
1 0 0
0 0 1 1
22. Find the algebraic and geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalues in A B C 0 0 1 .
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
, ,
23. Find the eigenvalues of a 2×2 singular matrix having trace 999.
24. If 2i and 3i are the eigenvalues of a 5×5 skew symmetric matrix, find the other eigenvalues.
25. If 2i, 5-i and 3 are the eigenvalues of a 5×5 matrix A, find all the eigenvalues of 25A.
26. If A is a 25× 25 matrix having eigen values 1, 2 and -1, each with algebraic multiplicities 10,2 and 13
respectively, find the (i) determinant of A2 and (ii) trace of A2
27. If A is a 125× 125 skew symmetric matrix having eigenvalues i and 2i each with algebraic multiplicities
50 and 10 respectively, find the determinant of 3A.
28. Let A be a square matrix of order 3. Given that rank(A) = 2, trace(A) = 10 and one of the eigenvalues of
A is 3. Find the spectrum of A.
29. Given below are the spectrum of five matrices. Which of them can be a spectrum of orthogonal matrices?
(a) {1, -1}, (b) {1+ i, 1- i, i, -i, 1, -1} (c) {1, 2, 3} (d) , , 1, 𝑖, −𝑖 (e) ,
√ √ √ √
−
√ √
30. Find the value of a for which the matrix, 𝐴 = is (i) an orthogonal matrix, (ii) a positive
𝑎
√
definite matrix.
31. Classify the given matrices as positive definite, negative definite or indefinite:
−1 2 4 −1 2 4
3 2
(a) (b) 0 1 −3 (c) −2 1 −3
1 5
0 0 8 2 0 1
3 2
32. What should be the value of ‘a’ if the matrix, is positive definite?
1 𝑎
33. Show that eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix are real.
34. Consider a matrix 𝐴 = 𝐻 + 𝑆, where H is Hermitian and S is skew-Hermitian. Is A necessarily Hermitian,
skew-Hermitian, or unitary? What can you say about the eigenvalues.
35. Classify the given matrices as Hermitian and skew Hermitian.
6 𝑖 𝑖 1+𝑖
(𝑖). 𝐴 = (𝑖𝑖). 𝐵 = .
−𝑖 6 −1 + 𝑖 0
3
36. Explain the definite and indefinite matrices using determinant rule with an example
37. Find the principal directions and corresponding factors of extension or contraction of the elastic
8 4
deformation Y=AX with the given matrix A .
2 2
38. Find the principal direction and the corresponding factors of extension or contraction of the elastic
5 3
deformation with 𝐴 = .
3 5
1 0 0
39. Find the basis of eigenvectors and diagonalize the matrix A 0 3 1 .
0 1 3
8 −1
40. Find a basis of eigenvectors and diagonalize the matrix 𝐴 = .
5 2
2 2 1
41. Diagonalize the matrix, 𝐷 = 1 3 1.
1 2 2
42. In control systems, the matrix 𝐴 describes the system's dynamics. Diagonalize the matrix 𝐴 to simplify
1 0 1
the analysis and study its behavior more easily 𝐴 = 0 3 2 .
0 0 2
3 4 −4 2
43. Find the similar matrix 𝐴 for the matrix 𝐴 = with respect to the given matrix 𝑃 =
4 −3 3 −1
and show that both the matrices have same eigenvalues.
1 2
44. Find the similar matrix 𝐴 for the matrix 𝐴 = with respect to the given matrix
2 4
1 3
𝑃= and show that both the matrices have same spectrum.
3 6
1 0 0
45. Can you diagonalize the matrix C 0 0 1 ? Explain.
0 0 0
46. In control systems, the matrix 𝐴 describes the system's dynamics. Diagonalize the matrix 𝐴 to simplify
5 4
the analysis and study its behavior more easily 𝐴 = .
1 2
2 1
47. If the eigenvalues of a 2×2 matrix A are 4, -3 and their corresponding eigenvectors are and ,
9 1
respectively, find the matrix A.
48. Find out what type of conic section is represented by the given quadratic form: 4 x1 12 x1 x2 13x2 16.
2 2
Transform it to principal axes. Express x x1 , x 2 in terms of new coordinate vector y y1 , y 2 .
T T
49. Find out what type of conic section the quadratic form 𝑄 = 7𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 7𝑦 = 200, represents.
50. Find out what type of conic section is represented by the given quadratic form:
5x12 4 x1 x2 2 x22 36. Transform it to principal axes. Express x x1 , x 2 T in terms of new
coordinate vector y y1 , y 2 .
T
