Technical Revision Sheet (Mechanical Core) – For
JSW GET
■ Thermodynamics & Power Plant
• First Law: Q – W = ∆U
• Second Law: No process is possible whose sole result is transfer of heat from low to high
temp.
• Otto cycle efficiency = 1 – (1/r^(γ–1))
• Diesel cycle efficiency = 1 – (1/r^(γ–1)) × ((ρ^γ – 1) / (γ(ρ – 1)))
• Rankine cycle: efficiency = (W_net / Q_boiler)
• Carnot efficiency = 1 – (T_low / T_high)
• COP (Refrigerator) = Q_L / W; COP (Heat pump) = Q_H / W
■ Strength of Materials (SOM)
• Stress = Force / Area
• Strain = ∆L / L
• Hooke’s Law: Stress ∝ Strain (within elastic limit)
• Bending equation: σ/y = M/I = E/R
• Torsion: T/J = τ/r = Gθ/L
• Euler’s Buckling Load (Pcr) = (π²EI) / (L_eff²)
• Principal stresses & Mohr’s Circle basics
■ Manufacturing Processes
• Casting: Shrinkage allowance, Riser feeds molten metal
• Welding: Arc welding (consumable/non-consumable electrodes)
• Machining: Cutting speed (V) = (πDN)/1000 (m/min)
• Turning: Material removal rate (MRR) = f × d × V
• Milling/Drilling basics
• Forming: Forging (compressive), Rolling (reduction in thickness), Extrusion (push through
die)
• CNC basics: G-codes (geometry), M-codes (machine)
■ Fluid Mechanics & Machines
• Continuity: A1V1 = A2V2
• Bernoulli’s equation: P/ρg + v²/2g + z = constant
• Reynolds number = (ρVD)/µ → Laminar < 2000, Turbulent > 4000
• Pump efficiency = (ρgQH) / Power_input
• Turbine efficiencies: Pelton (impulse), Francis & Kaplan (reaction)
• Specific speed (Ns) = N√P / H^(5/4)
■ Heat Transfer
• Conduction: Q = kA(∆T)L
• Convection: Q = hA∆T
• Radiation: Q = σεAT■
• Overall heat transfer: 1/U = 1/h1 + (∆x/k) + 1/h2
• LMTD method: Q = U × A × ∆T_lm
■ Theory of Machines
• Gear ratio = (Speed of driver / Speed of driven) = (Teeth on driven / Teeth on driver)
• Simple gear train: Velocity ratio = (Product of teeth on driven) / (Product of teeth on driver)
• Natural frequency (simple system) = (1/2π)√(k/m)
• Cams & Followers basics
■ Engineering Materials
• Ferrous alloys: Cast iron, Steel (mild, medium, high carbon)
• Heat treatment: Annealing (soften), Hardening (increase hardness), Tempering (reduce
brittleness)
• Alloys: Brass (Cu+Zn), Bronze (Cu+Sn)
