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ME : Mechanical Engineering

Solutions on Topicwise Examination Questions

CONTENTS
Chapter Page
Topic
No. No.

1. Linear Algebra 1

2. Calculus 9

3. Complex Variables 22

4. Differential Equations 26

5. Numerical Methods 34

6. Probability and Statistics 39

7. Engineering Mechanics 46

8. Mechanics of Materials 69

9. Theory of Machines 102

10. Vibrations 137

11. Machine Design 149

12. Fluid Mechanics 169

13. Heat Transfer 198

14. Thermodynamics 224

Chapter Page
Topic
No. No.

15. Power Engineering 245

16. I.C. Engines 254

17. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 258

18. Turbomachinery 267

19. Engineering Materials 273

20. Casting 278

21. Forming Processes 285

22. Joining Processes 295

23. Machining and Machine Tool Operations 301

24. Metrology and Inspection 321

25. Computer Integrated Manufacturing 329

26. Production Planning and Control 333

27. Inventory Control 339

28. Operations Research 345

 General Aptitude (GA) Questions 361

 Ch. 1 : LINEAR ALGEBRA
2000 :
1. (B)
1   
Given,A  0 2 3 0
0 0 2
Characteristic equation is
(1  ) (2  4 + 4) = 0
 (1) (2  )2 = 0
  = 1, 2, 2
2001 :
1. (B)
x+y=2 and 2x + 2y = 5
 x + y = 2.5
Hence no solution.
2. (A)
a1 
Explanation: A  b1  , B  a2 b2 c2 
 c1 
a1a2 a1b2 a1c2 
 C  b1a2 b1b2 b1c2   a1a2 [b1b2c1c2  b1b2c1c2 ]  0
 c1a2 c1b2 c1c2 

2002 :
1. (B)
2003 :
1. (C)
4 1
A 
 1 4
Now A   I = 0, Where  = eigen value
4   1 
  1 0
 4   
 (4   )2  1 = 0
 (4)2  (1)2 = 0
 (4 1) (4   + 1) = 0
  = 3,  = 5
Also “summation of Eigen values is equal to the sum of diagonal elements of the
MATRIX”

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.1
Vidyalankar : GATE/ME

2. (C)
Given equations are
x + 2y + z = 6
2x + y + 2z = 6
x+y+z=5
 1 2 1  x  6 
Given system can be written as 2 1 2 .  y   6 
 1 1 1  z  5 
Applying row operation R2  R2  2R1, R3  R3  R1
 1 2 1  x   6 
0 3 0  .  y    6 
     
0 1 0   z   1
and applying R3  3R3  R1
 1 2 1  x   6 
0 3 0  .  y    6 
     
0 0 0   z   3 
Since the rank of co efficient matrix is 2 and rank of argument matrix is 3, which is
not equal. Hence system has no solution.

2004 :
1. (B)
Sum of eigen values of a matrix is equal to sum of diagonal element of the matrix.
 Sum of eigen value = 1 + 5 + 1 = 7

2005 :
1. (C)
Here A is a 3  4 matrix, so maximum possible rank is the number of rows in the real
matrix i.e. 3.

2. (A)
As it is a 4  4 matrix, on solving the determinants as in the case of 3  3 matrix and
then putting the values, we get the eigen vectors 1 and 2.

2006 :
1. (A)

2. (C)
Since the product is a unit matrix, so matrix F will be the inverse of E.

2007 :
1. (A)
Every square, real symmetric matrix is Hermitian and therefore all its eigenvalues
are real.

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.2
 Linear Algebra

2. (B)
y= x y
y x= y
y2  x 2  xy = y
y2  y(1 x)  x 2 = 0
y2  3y  4 = 0 (putting x = 2)
(y  1)(y  4) = 0
y = 1, 4
But y = 4 is only feasible solution.

3. (B)
2 1
=0
0 2
(2  )2 = 0  = 2, 2
The number of linearly independent eigen vectors will be 1.
2008 :
1. (C)
Sum of the diagonal vector = sum of the Eigen values,
 1+0+p=3+S
 S=p2

2. (D)
2x + 3y = 4 …(i)
x+y+z=4 …(ii)
x + 2y  z = a …(iii)
| A | = 0  (i) is wrong, We can see that addition of equations (ii) and (iii) produces,
2x + 3y = 4 + a (4)
Comparing it with equation (i) i.e. 2x + 3y = 4
Thus, comparing these two we conclude that, the system of equation’s is soluble for
a=0

3. (B)
Let us find the Eigen values of the matrix,
(1  ) (2  ) = 0
  = 1, 2
0 2  x  0 
For  = 1,      
0 1 22  y  21 0 
2y  0 
  y   0
   
 y = 0 = a and x = 1
 1 2  x  0 
 For  = 2,      
 0 0   y  0 

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.3
Vidyalankar : GATE/ME

 x  2y  0
  0   0  x = 2y
   
1
For x = 1  y= =b
2
1 1
 a+b=0+ 
2 2

2009 :
1. (A)
3 4
5 5
[M] =  
x 3
 5 
3 
5 x 
[M] = 
T
 ….(1)
4 3
 5 5 
1
[M]1 = adjM
M
2
3 4
M=    x
 
5 5
adj M = [cofactor [M]]T
T
 3  3 4
 5 x   5  5
=   =   ….(2)
 4 3   x 3 
 5 5   5 
From equations (1) and (2)
3  3 4
5 x    
1 5 5
   = 2
 
 4 3  3 4  x 3 
 5 5   5   5 x  5 
 
1  4
 x=  
3
2
4  5
5  5x
 
2
3 4 2 4
or 5 x5x = 5
 
9 4 4
or x  x2 = 
25 5 5
4 2 9 4
or x  x =0
5 25 5

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.4
 Linear Algebra

20x2 – 9x  20 = 0
or 20x  (25x  16x)  20 = 0
2

or 20x2  25x + 16x  20 = 0

or 5x (4x  5) + 4(4x  5) = 0
or (5x + 4) (4x  5) = 0
4 5
 x =  or
5 4
Alternately
AT = A1
so, orthogonal matrix
Now AA-1 = I = AAT
3 4 3 
5 5 5 x   1 0
     =  
x 3 4 3  0 1
 5   5 5 
3 3 4
or x  = 0
5 5 5
3 12
or x= 
5 25
4
or x = 
5

2. (A)
Not proper method
Short method:
Take a point on the curve z = 1, x = 0, y = 0
Length between origin and this point
= (1 0)  (0  0)  (0  0) = 1
This is minimum length because all options have length greater than .
2010 :
1. (A)
Given A =  for characteristic equation | A  I | = 0
2   2 
i.e.,  1 =0
 3   
 (2  ) (3  )  2 = 0
 2  5 + 4 = 0
  = 1, 4
Let, C1 = 1, C2 = 4, Eigen vector for C1 = 1 is
2  C1 2   x1 
 1 3  C1   x 2 
=0

1 2  x1 
 1 2  x  = 0
  2

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.5
Vidyalankar : GATE/ME

 x1 + 2x2 = 0
1
 x 2 =  x1
2
Eigen vector set is

x1 1 2 3 4

1 3
x2  1  2
2 2

2
 The eigen vector is  
 1

2011 :
1. (C)
Eigen values of a real symmetric matrix are always real.

2. (C)
2 1 1 
0 1 1
 
 1 1 0 
r < n. Hence, infinite number of solutions.

2012 :
1. (C)
The given equations are
x + 2y + z = 4 ….(1)
2x + y + 2z = 5 ….(2)
x+y+z=1 ….(3)
Eliminating n from (1) & (2), we have
y=1 ….(4)
Eliminating x from (2) & (3), we have
y=1 ….(5)
Lines (4) and (5) are coincident
Hence the given equation has infinite solutions.

2. (B)
5 3
|A  I| = 0  = 0  (5  ) (3  ) = 3 = 0
1 3
 2  8 + 15  3 = 0  2  8 + 12 = 0   = 2,  = 6
(A  2I)  X = 0
At,  = 2
 3 3   x1   0  x1  x 2  0
      ;
 1 1   x 2   0  x1  x 2

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.6
 Linear Algebra

 1 
 2  .
Hence the required vector is 
 1 
 2 
2013 :
1. (C)

2. (C)
cos2 x = cos2 x  sin2 x
 cos2 x is the linear combination of the functions  cos2 x, sin2 x
 The functions cos2 x, sin2 x and cos2 x are linearly dependent.

2014 :
1. (A)
2 6 0 1 3 0
 4 12 8 = (2)   2 6 4 = 8  (12) = 96
3

2 0 4 1 0 2

2. (A)
dx
Given that = 3x  5y
dt
dy
= 4x + 8y
dt
d x  3 5   x 
Matrix term   =   
dt y  4 8   y 

3. (D)
 5 2 
Eigen values of the matrix   are 4, 3
 9 6 
 the eigen vector corresponding to eigen vector  is Ax = x (verify the options)
 1
  is eigen vector corresponding to eigen value  = 3
 1

4. (D)
We know that the Eigen vectors corresponding to distinct Eigen values of real
symmetric matrix are orthogonal.
 x1   y1 
 x  y  = x y + x y + x y = 0
 2  2 1 1 2 2 3 3
 x 3   y 3 

5. (D)

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.7
Vidyalankar : GATE/ME

2015 :
1. (A)
2. (B)
3. 2
4 2 
Let A=  
 1 3
Characteristic equation of A is A  I  0
4   2 
  1 =0
 3   
2  7 + 10 = 0   = 2, 5

4. (A)

2016 :
1. (D)
x = 6, y = 2 is the solution of equation
2x + 5y = 2 and 4x + 3y = 30

2. 6 to 6
Let x + 2y + 3z = 5
2x + 3y + z = 1
3x + 2y + z = 3 and x0 = 0, z0 = 0
Then first iteration will be
x1 = x1 = 5  2y0  3z0 = 5 00 =5
1 1
x2 = y1 = (12x1z0) = (1100)=3
3 3
x3 = z1 = 3  3x1  2y1 = 3 15 + 6 = 6
 x3 = 6
3. (A)
21 
A=  
1k 
If 1, 2 are eigen values of A22 then |A| = 12
|A| = 2k  1
1, 2 > 0
2k  1 > 0
1
k>
2
4. (C)
By using definition
A real square matrix A is said to be skewsymmetric matrix if
AT = A(or)aij = aji  ij

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.8
 Linear Algebra

5. 2 to 2
210 
A = 020 
003 
  = 2,2,3
For  = 2,AI
2    010  010 
=     = 000 
 
001 
 
    001  000 
(A  I) = 2, n = 3
P=nr=32=1
The no. of Linearly independent eigen vectors corresponding to an eigen value
 = 2 is one & corresponding to an eigen value  = 3 is one
 The number of linearly independent eigen vectors of A is 2.
2017 :
1. (B)
2 0 1 
P  4 3 3 
0 2 1
Product of eigen values of P
= determinant of P
= 2(3  6)  0 + 1(8) = 6 + 8 = 2

2. (D)
 1 1 
 0 
 2 2
P 0 1 0 
 
 1 1 
0
 2 2 
1  1  1  1  1 1
P    0  0      1
2 2  2 2 2 2
 1 1  1 1 
 0  0  
 2 2 2 2   1 0 0
P.P T   0 1 0  0 1 0   0 1 0 
  
 1 0 1   1 1  0 0 1
0
 2 2   2 2 
 P is an orthogonal matrix
(A) is correct  Inverse of P is its transpose only
 (B) and (C) both are correct
 (D) is incorrect

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.9
Vidyalankar : GATE/ME

3. 5 to 5
Given that determinant of 2  2 Matrix is 50 and one of its Eigen Values is 10.
 Other Eigen value is 5( determinant = product of eigenvalues)

4. 0 to 0
50 70 
A 
70 80 
 70    80 
Eigen vectors are X1   ;X2  2 
1  50   70 
Where 1, 2 Eigen values of A
  80
X1T X2 70 2  50 2 
 70 
 70(2  80)  (1  50) 70
= 702  5600 + 701  3500
 sum of eigenvalues  1   2 
= 70(1 + 2)  9100 … 
 Trace5080130 
= 70(130)  9100
= 9100  9100 = 0

2018 :
1. (B)
 4 1 1
 1 1 1

 7 3 1 
 1 1 1
R 1  R2  4 1 1

 7 3 1 
 1 1 1
R2  4R1 . R3 + 7R1 0 5 3 

 0 10 6 
 1 1 1
R3 + 2R2 0 5 3
 
 0 0 0 
No. of non zero rows = 2
Rank = 2

2. 0.25 to 0.25
 1 2 3
A0 4 5 
0 0 1

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.10
 Linear Algebra

A 4
1 1
A 1  
A 4

2019 :
1. (B)
 1 1 0
A0 1 1
0 0 1
Since given matrix is U.T.M
So, diagonal elements are the eigen values. Hence,  = 1, 1, 1. So matrix has only
one distinct eigen value i.e.

2. (C)
Given system is nonhomogeneous system when augmented matrix
c = [a/B]
 1 1 1 1
c = a a 3 5 
 5 3 a 6 
R2  a and R3  R3  5R1
1 1 1 1 
c =  1 1 3 / a 5 / a 

0 8 a  5 1 

R 2  R2  R1
1 1 1 1 
 3 5 
c = 0 2 1 1
 a a 
0 8 a  5 1 

R3  R3  4R2
 
1 1 1 1 
 
3 5
c = 0 2 1 1 
 a a 
 
0 0 a  12 20 
1 5 
 a a 
This system will have infinitely many solution only.
12 20
If a  10and5  0
a a
a = 3, 4 and a = 4
for a = 4, the system has infinite many solution.

GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.11
Vidyalankar : GATE/ME

3. (D)
4 8 4  2  32  2
 A x8 16 4 116  16  116x
     
4 4 15  4  64 4
So, one of the eigen value is 16.

2020 :
1. (A)
If A, B and C are real valued square matrices for same dimension.

2. (D)
Given : AP = 2P
|A   I|P = 0
2

 |A  I| = 0 is called characteristic equation of A.

where,  is the eigen value of A.
Here,  = 2
As we know that, if  is the eign value of matrix A, then 2 will be eigen value of A2.
So, the eigen value of matrix A2 will 2 i.e. (2)2 = 4



GATE/ME/EQ/Soln/Ch.1/Pg.12