TOPIC 10.

10.1. What are filler materials?

They consist of materials used in repairs to level surfaces once extracted the
denting or for direct application on surfaces, as long as the deformation is very
small.

10.2. What are the missions or requirements that putties must meet?

As adherents, they must present a great filling power without suffering losses once cured, they must
provide certain flexibility in high thicknesses, ease of preparation and application, ease
sanding, absence of air in the putty, and having great mechanical resistance.

10.3. List the different types of putties.

Of polyester (standard, lightweight, fiberglass), for touch-ups (Putty), for plastic, sealer, for zinc.
for aluminum and for use with a gun.

10.4. List the components of the putties.

Polyester resins, filler pigments, thixotropic agents, color pigments, and hardener

10.5. What are filler pigments? Name three different ones.

They are substances used to give objects a different tone or hue than they had.
They are usually in powder form and insoluble. Three of them are talc, barytes, or chalk.

10.6. What qualities do lightweight putties have?

The pigments used are plastic microspheres that provide it with a density
especially low and the exceptional simplicity to be applied and sanded, easily covers the
surface imperfections and can be applied to painted surfaces, bare metal, fiber of
glass and GRP.

10.7. What qualities do filler putties have?

It is used on plastic elements to seal pores and minor imperfections and it is the only one
putty that does not require sanding.

10.8. What qualities do plastic putties have?

It is a two-component putty used to fill small deformations.

10.9. Why do all manufacturers provide a technical data sheet for each putty?

To warn the user about the unique qualities of their putties.

10.10. What putty would you use on bare steel?

Of multifunctional polyester or light putty.

Made of lightweight polyester.

10.12. When are single-component putties used?

They are used for sealing and filling joints.

10.13. What methods of applying putties do you know?

The spatula, gun or little hand.

10.14. List the phases of the process of applying putty with a spatula.

Preparation of the part (cleaning, sanding, masking, and degreasing).

10.15. Why is masking recommended in some cases?

To avoid possible scratches caused by sanding and the accidental application of putty.

10.16. How is degreasing performed?

Cleaning is done with cloths or sponges soaked in a degreasing product.

10.17. Note the temperature ranges and the corresponding catalyst percentages for each.
of them.

The proportion of the catalyst ranges from 2-3%, so the professional can add a little more.
when the temperature is low and less amount when it is high.

10.18. What happens if the amount of hardener is not correct?

A larger amount will cause a slightly faster curing of the mixture, and what is worse,
it retains catalyst residues that react with the pigments and resins of these modifying
the color and causing spots or halos. An insufficient amount will lead to the lack of
hardening in the specified time and if it is sanded, the abrasive will clog and create grooves and marks
of the sanding.

10.19. What is the method to perform the mixture?

1. Extract the estimated amount of filler for the repair and add catalyst in the
proper proportion.
2. Pick up the hardener with the spatula and place it on the putty.
3. With the tip of the spatula, lift half of the filling and turn it over.
4. With light pressure, drag the mixture with the spatula over the mixing plate.
5. Raise half of the putty again and repeatedly drag the mixture over the plate.
10.20. What is the basic process for applying putty?

In the first pass, it is preferable to apply a thin layer of filler in an area that covers
just the size of the deformation, placing the spatula at an approximate angle of 60º
regarding the surface, to achieve an even layer.
2. In the following application, the inclination of the spatula decreases (35º-45º), which leads to
Apply a greater thickness of putty over the entire damaged surface.
3. Finally, the spatula is placed almost flat, with which a small amount is added.
amount of putty, with light pressure to smooth the surface and collect excess putty if it
would have been

10.21. What are the special considerations for infrared drying?

That it operates at low temperatures, that it is a medium or long wave system following
carefully the manufacturer's instructions regarding exposure time and distance.

10.22. Is water sanding suitable for a finer finish?

No, since the putty easily traps moisture and could cause problems during the phase of
paired and painted in the form of boils, in addition to promoting the formation of rust.

10.23. What special precaution should be taken into account when sanding the putty applied with a gun?

It should be taken into account that the applied layer of putty is smaller, as its main function is not to
high filler, but only to isolate or cover small marks.

10.24. Regarding occupational safety, what special precaution should be taken into account when employing a
new paint product?

Use the recommended personal protective equipment for each process.